人教版(新教材)高中英语选修4Unit1 Science Fiction学案1：被动语态.docx
被动语态(Passive Voice)情景探究"I 韧Women were not allowed to go Ito school in ancient times. J: fl/ But, in modem times, women are given J JAjp、equal chance to sludy.观察上面对话，并完成句子(1) I(tell) not to take anybody's belongings without permissions when I was little.(2) By the end of last year, another new gymnasium (complete) inBeijing.(3) The news(send) the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.要义详析一、被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1 .不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。*Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种植水稻。2 .强调动作的承受者。*The tree was broken by that boy.这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。二、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况1 .含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：(1)间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变；(2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词t。或for引导。*He told us a story.他给我们讲故事。We were told a story by him.我们听(他讲)故事。一A story was told to us by him.故事由他给我们讲。2 .动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。*She will take good care of the children.她将会好好照顾孩子们。一The children will be taken good care of by her.孩子们将由她来好好照顾。3 .复合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略 t。的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号t。必须补上。例如："Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday.>He was seen to swim in the lake yesterday.4 .特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：一般用“By+疑问词”开头。*Who has broken the cup?谁打碎了杯子？By whom has the cup been broken?杯子被谁打碎了？K即学活用UMy English name is Walter. It when I was at the university.我的英文名是Walter,它是我上大学时我的英语教授取的。(1) Her money and her patience is also running out.她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。(2) by the moving movie.我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。三、被动语态和过去分词作表语1 .意义差异：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。如：*The window is broken.窗子破了。町he window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。2 .用法差异：过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被so, very, to。等程度副词修饰，而被动语态那么不能用so, very, too修饰，而需用much, very much, so much, too much修饰。 如：*He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构)*1 was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)K即学活用语法填空(1) I was pleased(hear)you've been promoted.(2) He was pleased his teacher's praise.(3) I was quite surprised the significance of the findings.(4) Everyone was surprised the speed with which the dispute was settled.四、常见主动表被动的情况1.有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep 等)常用 主动形式表被动。如：*This pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。*This car sells well.这车很畅销。2 .在某些形容词(hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible, convenient, cheap, expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。如：.English is easy to learn.英语很容易学。*The box is heavy to carry.这箱子重得搬不动。3 .”半系动词+形容词”结构，look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out 等。如：*The food in this restaurant tastes good.这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。*The news turned out (to be) true.这消息原来是真的。4. need, want, require, deserve, be worth 后面接动词的-ing 形式，主动表被动。*The novel is worth reading.这本小说值得一读。*The old house requires repairing.这所旧房子需要修理。K即学活用语法填空(1) This kind of knife(cut)well.(2) Your writing is really difficult(read).(3) That(sound) great. Deal me in!(4) All the old carpets need(replace).五、有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态。如：fit, have, marry, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。K即学活用U完成句子(1) A person who is truly honest a straight arrow.直言不讳的人才是真正老实的人。(2) You a lot of strange questions by them.他们将问你许多怪题。(3) By last December three ships by them.到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。(4) I have some clothes.我有一些衣服要洗。(5) Your idea wrong.你的想法证实是错的。(6) The book quickly.书销售得快。(7) Will more gas?需要更多的煤气吗？(8) The music isn't pleasant.这音乐不好听。 参*考*答*案 情景探究(1) was told (2) had been completed (3) would be sent to要义详析二、K即学活用U(1) was given by my English professor (2) has been run out of (3) I was made to cry三、K即学活用(1) to hear (2) by (3) with (4) by四、K即学活用(1) cuts (2) to read (3) sounds (4) replacing /to be replaced五、K即学活用H(1) is called (2) will be asked (3) had been built (4) to wash (5) proved to be (6) sells (7) be needed (8) to listen to
