第05讲 被动语态（原卷版）-【暑假自学课】2022年新九年级英语暑假精品课（牛津译林版）.docx

第05讲被动语态【基础知识】用法详解：L概念：英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动 作的承受者，理解为“被.2.结构：被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必 要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。被动语态结构：be+Ved时态被动语态结构例子一般现在时am/is/are + Vedam/is/are planted一般过去时was/were + Vedwas/were planted一般将来时will be + Ved 或 be going to be + Vedwill be planted, be going to be planted含情态动词can/may/must/should/could/need be + Vedcan/may/must/should/could/ need be planted【易错警示】难点(1):动词短语变成被动语态时，要保持完整，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如：The old are taken good care of in the old people's home.老人们在敬老院被照顾得很好。难点(2)：省略to的动词不定式，在被动语态中要还原to。主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态let sb. dobe let to domake sb. dobe made to dosee sb. dobe seen to dohear sb. dobe heard to dowatch sb. dobe watched to dolisten to sb. dobe listened to do例句:I noticed him get on the bus.They make me work all day.He was noticed to get on the bus.I am made to work all day.难点(3)：不用被动语态的词，常见的有:1 .五感官三变化两发生：look, smell, taste, feel, sound, become, get, turn, happen, take placeo如：The flowers smell nice.花闻起来很香。（不能用 are smelt）Great changes took place in China.中国发生了 巨大变化。（不能用 were taken place）2 . come out, belong to, break out, spread, appear, disappear 也不用被动语态。如：The CD came out yesterday.这个 CD 昨天就发行了。（不能用 was come out）.某些可以和“well, easily, smoothly连用的不及物动词，且主语是物体，不用被动语态。这类词有: read, write, draw, wash, clean, cook, sell, lock, open, cuto如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly,这种笔写起来很流畅。（不能用 is written）This kind of shirt sells very well.这款裙子卖得很好。（不能用 is sold）难点（4）： 一些易混淆的被动语态用法1 .have sth. done=have sb. do sth.请别人做某事如：I have my TV repaired.=1 have someone repair my TV.我请人修电视。2.It is said that. / It is believed that. / It is reported that.据说 / 据认为 / 据报道如：Ifs said that the library has a long history.据说这个图书馆有悠久的历史。3.grow表示种植时，有被动语态；grow表示成长，生长时，没有被动语态。如：Rice is grown in the south of China.水稻种植在中国南方。Rice grows well this year.水稻今年长得很好。（不能用is grown）4.sth. need / require doing=sth. need / require to be done 需要 / 要求做某事如：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.花需要浇水。难点(5)：带双宾语的动词变被动语态:主动语态被动语态相同结构的动词give sb. sth.give sth. to sb.sb. be given sth.sth. be given to sb.send, pass, show, lend, write, bring, take, teach 等buy sb. sth.buy sth. for sb.sb. be bought sth.sth. be bought for sb.make, sing, cook, mend. get, choose, provide 等例句：1）（主动）He gave me the pen. /He gave the pen to me.（被动）I was given the pen. /The pen was given to me.2）（主动）We bought her the bike. /We bought the bike for her.（被动）She was bought the bike. /The bike was bought for her.【考点剖析】考点一：三个时态的被动语态例 1. （2021陕西西安八年级期末）The park by some terrible behavior of poor visitors last year.A. is damaged B. damagedC. was damaged D. will be damaged【答案】c【详解】句意：去年，一些不文明游客的糟糕行为破坏了公园。考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“The park”和谓语“damage”是被动关系，用被动语态，且根据“last year”可知句子使用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。应选Co例 2. （2021 辽宁沈阳,八年级期末）一China is getting stronger and stronger.Yes. So Chinese by more and more foreigners.A. learnsB. learnedC. is learnedD. was learned【答案】C【详解】句意：中国变得越来越强大。是的。所以越来越多的外国人学习汉语。考查时态和语态。根据"China is getting stronger and stronger.”可知此处用一般现在时，再由“by more and more foreigners”表示使为者，可推出用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done。应选C。例 3. （2021 上海浦东新八年级期末）The mountains with trees in a few years.A. are covered B. are covering C. will coverD. will be covered【答案】D【详解】句意：几年后这些山将被树木覆盖。考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“in a few years”可知，句子时态是一般将来时，排除选项A和B；主语 “The mountains”与谓语动词“cover”构成被动关系，因此用一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will be doneo故 选D。考点二：带有情态动词的被动语态例4. （2021甘肃玉门市教育局教育研究室八年级期末）The window must because it is windy.A. closeB. is closedC. be closedD. closed【答案】C【详解】句意：风很大，窗户必须关起来。考查被动语态和情态动词用法。根据“the window”和“close”可知，两者是被动关系；再者根据“must”可知， 情态动词后接动词原形，应选C。例5.例021 河北临漳县教育体育局教研室八年级期末）There is something wrong with my radio, can it 9 *A. be mended B. is mendedC. was mended D. mend【答案】A【详解】句意：我的收音机坏了，它能被修好吗？考查含有情态动词的被动语态。此题“it”指代“my radio”，主语“it”与动词“mend”之间存在被动关系；又根 据“can”可知，这是含有情态动词can的被动语态，结构为：can be+动词的过去分词，mend的过去分词为 mendedo 应选 A。考点三：被动语态重难点例6. （2021 黑龙江青冈县教师进修校八年级期末）一What do you think of the movie The Climbers0!一Very wonderful. It is well worth.A. seeingB. being seenC. to see【答案】A【详解】句意：你觉得电影攀登者怎么样？ 非常精彩。它非常值得一看。考查非谓语动词。see看；be worth doing sth,"值得做某事”，主动形式表示被动意义。应选A。例 7. （2021 江苏南京八年级期末）一How beautiful this kind of computer is! Where did you buy it?一It in that shop. It well.A. sells; is sold B. sells; sellsC. is sold; sells D. is sold; is sold【答案】C【详解】句意：这种电脑多漂亮啊！你在哪里买的？ 它在那家商店出售。它很畅销。考查动词的时态和语态。再由力that shop.”可知，电脑在商店里被卖，用一般现在时的被动语态，第一 空用is sold；根据“Itwell.”可知，此处讲电脑卖得好，sell后面加副词时，用主动形式表被动含义，主语 力仍是第三人称单数，所以第二空用sells。应选C。例 8 . （ 2019广东华南师大附中八年级期末）There is something wrong with my video camera. It needs.A. repairingB. to repairC. repairedD. being repaired【答案】A【详解】句意：我的摄像机出毛病了。它需要修理。考查非谓语。need doing sth =need to be done“某事需要被做"，主语与动词之间是被动关系；need to do sth.“需要去做某事”。题中it指的是“摄像机”，和“修理”之间是被动关系，故用need doing。应选A。例 9. （2019广东深圳外国语学校八年级期末）一Peter got seriously in the car accident last week.Yes, he did. And he is in the hospital now.A. was hurt; taken good careB. was hurt; taken good care ofC. hurt; being taken good care ofD. hurt; taken good care【答案】C【详解】句意：彼得上周在车祸中受了重伤。是的，他是。他现在正在医院接受治疗。考查固定短语和动词时态。get hurt“受伤”,固定短语,排除A、B；根据“And he is . in the hospital now.” 可是，他是被照顾的对象，是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，由now可知，用现在进行时的被动语态，结 构为"be being done”，应选 C。例10. （2021 黑龙江青冈县教师进修校八年级期末）We are made more confident by our teacher.A. to beB. beingC. be【答案】A【详解】句意：老师使我们变得更加自信。考查使役动词的被动语态。使役动词make的被动形式是be made to do/be,应选Ao【真题演练】（2022重庆中考真题）His guitar as a gift for him last week.A. buysB. is boughtC. boughtD. was bought（2022四|成酉6中考真题）Some groups prizes on April 15, 2022 by the Central Committee of theCYLC （共青团中央）.A. were givenB. were givingC. will be given（2022四川遂宁中考真题）一More and more high-technology products in China.一Yes. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.A. is makingB. are making C. is madeD. are made（2021 贵州黔西中考真题）一More trees need to be planted in the northwest of ChinaYes. With enough trees, sandstorms （沙尘暴）could.A.protectB. be protectedC.stopD.be stopped（2021 江苏徐州中考真题）The 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou in September 2022.1 can't wait!A.were heldB. will be heldC.have heldD.are held（2021 内蒙古呼和浩特中考真题）一In China, driving after drinking.一You are right. Thafs the law.A. is not allowed; againstB. was not allowed; withC. are not allowed; forD. were not allowed; along11. （ 2021江苏镇江中考真题）More dinosaur fossils（化石）,including footprints, bones or eggs, could in the future.A. discoverB. be discovered C. have discovered D. be discovering（2021 辽宁朝阳中考真题）_you to Jim's birthday party last night?一Yes, I was. But I was too busy to be there.A. Did; invited B. Were; invite C. Was; invited D. Were; invited（2021辽宁盘锦中考真题）If the science fiction into English, it will be popular around the world.A. translatesB. is translatedC , translatedD. was translated【过关检测】（2021广西平乐县教育局教研室一模）More and more old people good care of at Old People'sHome now.A. are takenB. takesC. took（2021 黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模）The environment in my hometown is changing because many trees here every year.A. plantedB. are plantedC. were planted（2021 山东青岛一模）Tea in many different areas in China.A. is plantingB. are grownC. is produced D. are picking（2021 贵州毕节二模）一Who's that boy in a black mask in the photo, John?It's my brother. This photo in February when he was a volunteer.A. might takeB. can tookC. is takenD. might be taken12. （2021 湖北武汉一模）一 Students a few why and how questions in Ms. Chen's class, did younotice that?Yes, I think she wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.A. are askedB. were asked C. will be asked D. should be asked（2021 辽宁丹东市第十七中学二模）一No life can be on the earth without water.一Yes. Water everywhere.A. needsB. is needingC. is neededD. needed（2021 贵州铜仁三模）一Mom, may I watch the movie Operation Red Sea this evening?一Of course, if your homework.A. finishedB. will finishC. is finishedD. was finished（2021 四川师范大学附属中学二模）We're not sure if the environment in our city if more andmore people public transportation.A. has been improved; have chosenB. was improved; choose C will beimproved; choose13. （2021甘肃平凉市蛇崛区教育科学研究所一模）一Do you know 5-G mobile phone?一Yes, ifs said they at present.A. sell wellB. are sold wellC. sell goodD. are sold good（2021 广西柳州三模）My hair is too long. It needs.A. cutB. to cutC. cutting（2021 黑龙江模拟预测）Those kinds of books well. They are popular with teenagers.A. sellsB. was soldC. sell（2021 山东模拟预测）Gulliver's Travels so well that it out in all the shops in mytown.A. is sold; sell B. sells; sellsC. is sold; is sold D. sells; is sold（2021 新疆模拟预测）This pair of shoes Mom, and it very comfortable.A. was made with; is feltB. were made from; is feltC. were made by; feelsD. was made by; feels33 . （ 2020江苏扬州模拟预测）一How do you like the poem ?一It's a bit too long, but anyway,it well.A. readsB. is readC. is readingD. has read二、用所给单词的正确形式填空34. （2022江苏无锡二模）一I really find it difficult to choose one between the two types.Don't worry, madam. Both are made of silk and（wash） easily.35. （2022江苏一模）It's known that glass（feel） much colder than wood in winter.36. （2022黑龙江一模）Your mobile phone needs（turn） off while having a meeting.37. （2022内蒙古包头一模）Children should be（educate） in a correct way.38. （2022江苏扬州市梅岭中学一模）Don't throw those plastic bottles! They can be. （recycle）（2022重庆南开中学一模）What people want cannot always（express） in money.39. （2022.广西一模）The old people should be（take） good care of.40. （2022湖北黄冈模拟预测） the magazine（can take） out of the library?41. （2022江苏无锡市蠡园中学二模）My boss won't allow me to have two days off unless my work （complete） tomorrow.42. （2022山东临沂模）It is that laughter can reduce the effects of pain on the body, （say）（2022江苏泰兴市济川初级中学二模）It is reported that some valuable jewellery （steal） the other day.43. (2022江苏江苏二模)The 22nd FIFA World Cup(hold) in Qatar from November 21 to December 18, 2022.