名词性从句&定语从句(5页).doc

-专题十一 名词性从句考点精讲重难点1. 主语从句在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词主要有that，whether，who，what，which， when，where，how，why等。(1)连接词引导的主语从句That we shall praise the boy for his heroic deeds is certain. 我们将表扬这个男孩儿的事迹是确定无疑的。Whether he is coming is unknown to us他是否来我们还不知道。It Was obvious that the pilot could not control his plane很明显，飞行员控制不住飞机了。It is said that some people prefer to go to work by bike据说有些人宁愿骑自行车上班。How strange it is that the children are so quiet!真奇怪，孩子们如此安静!(2)连接代词引导的主语从句What he said at the meeting surprised all the people present他在会议上所说的话令所有在场的人感到惊讶。Whatever he says at the meeting has nothing to do with me无论他在会议上讲什么都与我无关。(3)连接副词引导的主语从句How the prisoner escaped is a complete mystery囚犯如何逃脱的完全是一个谜。Where Professor Smith will give US the lecture is not known史密斯教授在哪里演讲还不知道。2宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词有that，whether, if, what，who，whose， whatever, whichever, whoever, when，where，why, how等。(1)连接词引导的宾语从句That boy dreamed that he would fly to the moon one day那个小男孩儿梦想有一天能飞往月球。He made it quite clear that he preferred to live in the small town rather than move to the big city他说得很明确，他宁愿住在小城镇，也不愿意搬进大城市。I don't know ifwhether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还生活在这里。(2)连接代词引导的宾语从句She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class她问我班里谁的字写得最好。I'll just say whatever comes into my mind我想到什么就说什么。(3)连接副词引导的宾语从句Do you know when the games begin?你知道比赛什么时候开始吗?I've been thinking about how we Call make the class more interesting我一直在想怎样才能让我们的课程更有趣。3宾语从句中的时态(1)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，应根据实际情况而定。She says that she works from Monday to Friday她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)She says that she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从未去过峨眉山。(2)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。He said that they were having a meeting at that time他说他们那时正在开会。(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。4表语从句The problem is who we can turn to for help in such a big city问题是在这么大的一个城市里我们能求助于谁。That is what he wanted to say这就是他想说的。The question is how he can get to his office for the meeting on time in such a heavy rain问题是下这么大的雨他怎么才能到达办公室按时参加会议。That's where Lu Xun once lived那就是鲁迅故居。My suggestion is that John should go there alone我的建议是约翰一个人到那里去。5同位语从句同位语从句的先行词多为fact，news，idea，promise， thought，reply，report，information，possibility，feeling， word，story, doubt，remark等抽象名词。引导同位语从句的连词多为that。The news that our team won the football game inspired all the fans我们队赢了足球赛的消息对所有的球迷是极大的鼓舞。Where did you get the idea that I could not come to see you你从哪儿听说的我不能来看你了?6名词性从句中的虚拟(1)在It is necessarynaturalimportantstrange.+ that从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表虚拟，且should可以省略。It is necessary that the problem(should)be settled at once这个问题必须马上解决。(2)表示“建议、命令、要求”等意义的动词后接that句中时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”。He ordered that the work(should)be started at once他命令立即开始那项工作。His mother insisted that he(should)not go to bed so late他妈妈坚持他不要睡得太晚。(3)如果主语是表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”等意义的名词时that引导的表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。Her suggestion was that they(should)carry on their conversation in Chinese她提议他们用汉语对话。Our decision is that we should go there by train我们的决定是我们坐火车去那。He said that light much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。易 混 点1定语从句与同位语从句的区别(1)从与引导词的关系看定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词进一步的说明和解释。The news that our team has won the game was true我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句。补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday was true昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句。 news在从句中作told的宾语)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句。补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言)The mother made a promise pleased all her children妈妈许下了一个令孩子们高兴的诺言。(定语从句。promise在从句中作pleased的主语)(2)从所作成分看that引导定语从句时为关系代词，需在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等成分。that在定语从句中作宾语时，可省略。而that引导同位语从句时不作句子成分也不能省略。The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister我昨天收到的信是我妹妹写的。(that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语)They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。(that引导同位语从句，只起连接作用不作成分)2连接代词who与whoever的区别whoever引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who或those who，它既是从句的主语，又是主句的主语。而 who只作从句的主语，它引导的从句才是主句的主语。Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising帮助救落水女孩的人值得表扬。Who will be elected the president doesn't make difference to me谁当选总统对我来说并不重要。3whoever与no matter who；whatever与no matter what区别whoever和whatever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句；no matter who和no matter what只能引导让步状语从句。Whatever(=No matter what)you may doI will go there as planed不管你怎么做，我都会按原计划去那。Take whatever you want and leave me alone把你想要的拿走，不要烦我。考点精练能力探测一、用正确的关系代词或关系副词填空。1. Everyone has a unique character, and a place _ truly suits him or her.2. The champion of this race turned out no easy, _ was far more intense than the exercises at the gym.3. It is a job _ there are more opportunities to improve myself.4. Barack Obama has been part of the 2008 presidential race, _ he could be the country's first black president.5. What impressed me most were the things and the persons_ we talked about at the meeting last week.二、将下列句子改为含有定语从句的复合句。6. He stuck to the theory. The theory proved to us that earthquake can be forecast._7. I wrote an essay. I've forgotten the essay's title. _真题连线1. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. ( 2010 年全国I )A. which B. where C. what D. that2. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. ( 2010 年湖南 )A. who B. where C. when D. which3. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone else's fault. ( 2010 年全国II )A. who B. that C. as D. what4. Samuel survived when the car _ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree. ( 2010年上海春招 )A. where B. that C. as D. why5. My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him.( 2009 年全国II )A. which B. that C. where D. it6. Mozart's birthplace and the house _ he composed "The Magic Flute" are both museums now.( 2009 年上海 )A. where B. when C. there D. which7. Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.( 2009 年安徽)A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom8. Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. ( 2009年重庆 )A. why B. what C. that D. where9. They've won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising actually. ( 2009 年辽宁 )A. that B. when C. what D. which10. It's helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. ( 2009年福建 )A. that B. when C. which D. where实战演练1. In Australia there are over 140 species of snakes, many of _ are extremely dangerous.A. them B. that C. which D. those2. _ was expected, only five people turned up at the party, _ disappointed the hostess very much.A. As; which B. As; thatC. It; that D. It; which3. Was it Bill, _ played basketball well, _ helped the blind man cross the road ?A. that ; who B. that; thatC. who; that D. who; which4. The managers of the Human Resource Department find Tom _ for the job, _ skills and patience.A. didn't fit; which calls forB. unfit; which calls forC. unfit; who lackD. didn't fit; who lack5. Cyrus is so successful that she made F " Celebrity100 list" last year, _ she was number 35.A. when B. where C. which D. that6. Our school held a respect-parent activity last month,_ our students benefited a lot.A. when B. where C. which D. that7. Safety in schools has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents _ students got injured or killed while in school.A. in which B. for whichC. which D. when8. Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport, popular with young adults, _ courage matters more than strength.A. whose B. that C. of which D. where9. We went to Qianmen Street yesterday, _ not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world.A. where B. which C. that D. when10. Mrs. Black took the police back to _ place _ she witnessed the robbery.A. the same; as B. the same; whereC. the same; that D. the same; when11. Modem China is experiencing a completely new period_ respect for science and creativity has become the guiding principle of society.A. which B. where C. in which D. that12. We've just installed central heating, _ should make a tremendous difference to the house next winter.A. what B. it C. that D. which-第 5 页-