人教版(新教材)高中英语选修2Unit 1　Science and Scientists课时作业2：Reading and Thinking—Comprehending.docx

Reading and ThinkingComprehending提示：文章中加灰底的词汇为本单元的词汇，请在阅读语境中牢记。I .阅读理解AThe disease malaria(疟疾)has caused trouble to mankind throughout history.In the 1860s as the drug called chloroquine began to lose its effectiveness, malaria began to appear again in Southeast Asia.Every country in the world then poured | huge amounts of human resources into discovering another anti-malaria drug.In 1964, China put forward the plan to seek a breakthrough from among traditional Chinese medicinal drugs.There was no great discovery until 1981.When Chinese scientist Tu Youyou gave a speech titled “Chemical Research into Artemisinin(青蒿素)" at an international conference of the WHO.The speech was regarded as a lifeline for malaria sufferers.Tu Youyou graduated from the Medical College of Peking University.In 1969, just as the research into treating malaria had reached dead end, the 39-year-old Tu, in order to overcome this terrible problem, took on the job as head of a research team into this problem.The first thing Tu did was interview experienced doctors of Chinese medicine.Then she and her colleagues conducted various kinds of experiments on hundreds of kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs， including artemisinin.However, the results were disappointing: even those involving artemisinin, which had been universally well regarded, were less than satisfactory.But later, when Tu found a relevant passage written by Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty(317-420)， it occurred to her that high temperatures destroy artemisinin' s effectiveness: it needs a low temperature to work properly.The discovery pointed to a brand-new direction for Tu and her research team.Finally, in 1972, an extract(# R40) of it was found to be one hundred percent effective against the disease!In 2000 the WHO announced artemisinin was a leading anti-malarial drug, and promoted it worldwide.So far, it has been playing a great role in the battle against malaria.Beginning at the age of 39, Tu devoted her life to her research.In 2015, at the age of 85 and as the first Chinese scientist, she received a Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.How did Tu manage to accomplish such a great achievement? You probably have the answer to that already.语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了屠呦呦对青蒿素的研究历程，青蒿素被认为是疟 疾患者的救命稻草。85岁的屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国科学家。1. What can be learnt about “ chloroquine “ from Paragraph 1 ? A It contributed to Tu' s great discovery.B It was discovered by experts in Southeast Asia.C. It was a breakthrough out of Chinese medicine.D. It used to be effective against the disease of malaria.K答案I DK解 析1 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the 1860s as the drug called chloroquine began to lose its effectiveness, malaria began to appear again in Southeast Asia.” 可知，氯喳过去对疟疾 是有效的。应选D。2. What did Tu Youyou do after reading a passage by Ge Hong?A. She interviewed doctors to collect their experience.B She attempted to heat the extract at a low temperature.C. She made necessary adjustments in each stage of her research.D. She expanded access to the anti-malarial drug around the world.K答案U B工解 析U 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 u But later, when Tu found a relevant passage written by Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty(317-420), it occurred to her that high temperatures destroy artemisinins effectiveness: it needs a low temperature to work properly.可次口，屠呦呦读 了 葛 洪的一篇文章后她试图低温加热提取物。应选B。3. Which of the following can best summarize the main reason for Tu' s success?A. You reap what you sow.B Actions speak louder than words.C Don' t claim to know what you don' t know.D. Live and learn through your mistakes or experience.K答案AK解 析I推理判断题。根据最后一段最后四句可知，屠呦呦脚踏实地，毕生都投入到青蒿素的研究当中，所以“一分耕耘，一分收获”最能概括屠呦呦成功的主要原因。应选A。BMadame Curie, the youngest of the five children, was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867.Marie Curie' s maiden name was Manya.Her parents were teachers, and she learned the importance of education at a very early age.No higher education was offered to women in Poland at that time, so Manya took a job as a tutor.She sent part of her income to Paris to help pay for her elder sistery s medical studies.Her sister qualified as a doctor and married a fellow doctor in 1891.Manya went to joined them in Paris, changing her name to Marie.She entered the Sorbonne (now the University of Paris) and studied physics and mathematics, graduating at the top of her class.For the research she wanted to do, she was introduced to another young scientist, Pierre Curie.Later, they fell in love with each other.After she was rewarded the Nobel Prize, fame troubled Marie Curie and also her husband, because science was their world and in this world of science, fame and honor to persons had no value.One day when a writer for a newspaper tried to ask Marie about herself, her thoughts and her beliefs, she answered him, “In science we must be interested in things, not in persons.Much of the real character and spirit of this unusual woman was found in these few words, which she was later often to repeat.One evening, at a big party, a friend asked if she would like to meet the King of Greece, who was also a guest.She answered in her simple manner, "I don, t see the value of it." Then, seeing that she hurt the feeling of her friend, she quickly added, " But.but.of course, I shall do whatever you please.Just as you please.”语篇解读 居里夫人是一位伟大的科学家。本文简要介绍了她在成为科学家前后的生活。 从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的个性和人品。4. What did Marie Curie once do to help pay for her elder sister? s medical studies?A. She was a teacher.B She was a doctor.C She was a tutor.D. She was a waitress.K答案I cK解 析X 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句和第五句可知，居里夫人曾经做过家庭女教师， 并用自己的局部收入资助姐姐上学。5. . What was valuable to Marie Curie?A. Science and research.B. Fame and honor.C. Character and spirits.D. Persons and things.K答案AK解 析I 推理判断题。根据第三段首句可推知，居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科学和研究，名 利对他们来说没有任何价值。6. The writer for a newspaper was interested in ,A. thingsB. Marie CurieC. Marie' s husbandD. personsK答案U DK解 析U 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，给报社写稿的人试图向居里夫人了解有关 她的情况，故可推知，这个人关注的是“人”。7. What do you think might have happened between Marie Curie and the King of Greece?A. The King was angry with Marie Curie.B For the sake of her friend Marie Curie met the King of Greece.C The King of Greece wrote a letter to invite Marie Curie to meet him.D. Marie Curie held another party for the King.K答案I BK解 析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，居里夫人不忍心伤害朋友的感情，她会顺从朋友，去见希腊国王。CPeople tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email.Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this.The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to each other, to solve a problem.They had to discuss this question: If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computers.Dr Johnson said, “They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face.When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation.”Generally the information was not extremely personal.lt was mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to live.But some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiences.Dr Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves.And when they do this, they become more open, especially if there are no cameras. "If you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourself.This is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of you.So emailing has become the modern way of talking, “ said Dr Johnson.However, this style of talking is not entirely new. "In the 19th century people started to use the ' telegraphJ to communicate.Now the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely.Dr Johnson thinks that emailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company. "If you don' t know about it, you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to. ”语篇说明 这是一篇说明文。人们在使用电子邮件时，更多表达自己想要表达的，很少隐 藏自己的私人信息，对此短文分析了电子邮件使用者能这么做的理由。8. The subject discussed in this passage is A. how people open up when emailingB how people do research studiesC. how to communicate at workD. how to discuss and solve a problemK答案U AK解 析I主旨大意题。通读全文可知，人们在使用电子邮件时，更多表达自己想要表达的， 很少隐藏自己的私人信息，对此短文分析了电子邮件使用者能这么做的理由。所以短文主要 讲的是人们在发邮件时如何敞开心扉。应选A项。9. The reason that some couples talked freely about themselves is that .A. they didn' t talk about very personal thingsB they couldn' t see each otherC. the cameras on the computers were turned onthey had to discuss a questionK答案BK解 析U 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face.When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation.”可知，一些伙伴畅所欲言的原因是他们看不见对方。应选B项。10. What does the underlined sentence refer to?A. The telegraph.B The computer.C. Emailing.D. Face-to-face talk.K答案I cK解 析I 词句猜想题。根据倒数第二段中的“So emailing has become the modern way of talking.v和“people ended up speaking more freely. ”可知，所以电子邮件已经成为现代的谈 话方式，而且人们说话也更自由了。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出，画线词指的是“电子 邮件”。应选C项。11. In the writer? s opinion, one should .A. focus on oneself when emailingtalk more freely in emails than usualB. discuss any subject that one wants toconsider how one uses email at workK答案DK解 析I推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断出，在作者看来，一个人应该考虑一下如何在工作中使用电子邮件。应选D项。n.七选五Walking music is any type of music that a person uses to help him or her walk and maintain a steady pace and rhythm during exercise. 12 If someone is not interested in the workout and is walking to enjoy the scenery or just to get outside, then music could also be chosen.The music chosen as walking music will usually be music that he or she finds especially motivating.This may not be as fast paced as music chosen for running. 13 How it is chosen will depend a great deal upon the musical preferences of a person.14 Someone else, however, may find such music too relaxing and prefer modern rock and roll, jazz, hip hop.Regardless of the actual music itself, the intention is for a person to find music that helps him or her keep feet moving.Thus, the exercise becomes easier and requires less focus.This is especially helpful for someone to increase the effectiveness of walking as a form of exercise.In this type of situation, a person might choose walking music that allows him or her to disappear into the music and not focus on the act of walking. 15Someone else, however, might choose walking music that motivates him or her to push himself or herself harder and walk faster or for greater distances. 16 It could be intended to get someone psychologically more excited for an intense workout.A. Thus, they will like walking.B This type of music may be more intense.C. People will get used to walking music soon.D. The choice of walking music is usually a fairly personal one.E. This can made him or her not feel any aching muscles or weariness.F. This type of music may often be used for other types of exercise and activity as well.G. For one person, classical music such as Beethoven or Mozart may be excellent walking music. 语篇解读本文为说明文。步行音乐对于散步有帮助，然而音乐类型的选择因人而异。12. K答案X FK解析I 根据空后的句子可判断，F项（这种音乐通常也可用于其他类型的运动和活动）符 合语境。13. K答案1 DK解 析I 根据空后的 “How it is chosen will depend a great deal upon the musical preferences of a person可知，D项（步行音乐的选择通常是比拟个性化的）符合语境。14. K答案D G（角星 析H 根据空后的 “Someone else, however, may find such music too relaxing and prefer modern rock and roll, jazz, hiphop.”可知，G项（对于一个人来说，古典音乐如贝多芬或莫扎 特可能是极好的步行音乐）符合语境。15. K答案1EK角星 析1根据空前的 allows him or her to disappear into the music and not focus on the act ofwalking”可知，E项（这会使他或她感觉不到任何疼痛的肌肉或疲倦）符合语境。16. K答案U BK角星 析U根据空后的 “It could be intended to get someone psychologically more excited for anintense workout.,可知，B项（这种类型的音乐可能更强烈）符合语境。