人教版(新教材)高中英语选修3Unit 3　Environmental Protection学案3：Discover useful structure.docx

Unit 3 Environmental ProtectionDiscover useful structureActivity 1To discuss differences between direct speech and indirect speech. Summaries the rules forchanging direct speech into indirect speech.Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechThe expert said, “From the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.”The expert said that from the position of its dead body» the bear appeared to have starved and died.The reporter asked, “Will polar bears d沁 out because of climate change?”The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.The reporter asked, “ How can we save polar bears from extinction?”The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.“Let's work together to stop climate change,“ the expert said.The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.Activity 2Here are some statements and questions by children who attended scientific lectures. Guess who they were talking to and then change the sentences into indirect speech.Suggested Answers：NameStatements/QuestionsDianeDiane asked what had made Hurricane Katrina unusual.Diane asked ifVwhether it had been the worst natural disaster in American history.MarthaMartha said/told me that she wanted to become a scientist and help the world.Martha said/told me that she was doing a project on behalf of her school about global warming.BobBob asked why nuclear power was such a sensitive topic.Bob asked if7whethcr they could explain how the nuclear disaster had happened.LauraLaura asked how many animals had disappeared because of human hunting.Laura asked what we could do to help wild animals.VincentVincent said/told me that he had never been to the Amazon Jungle.Vincent asked ifYwhether scientists would discover new species there.直接引语和间接引语基本概念（1）直接引语：直接引述别人的话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语。（2）间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。注意：直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状 语等一般均要作相应的变化。变化原那么一、时态变化如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时.，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时The organizer said, “ Wc have begun our plan."组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”（直接引语为现在完成时）The organizer said that they had begun their plan.组织者说他们已开始了他们的计划。（间接引语为过去完成时）注意：1 .直.接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言，变间接引语，时态无变化；.直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变间接引语，时态无变化。二、人称变化I."第一人称随主”原那么如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照 主句中主语的人称而变化。Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.”玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。"（直接引语中为第一人称）-*Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。（间接引语中主语随主句主语改为第三人称）.“第二人称随宾”原那么如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称 要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave? ”她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？ ”（直接引语中为第二人称）-*Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。（间接引语中主语随主句宾语改为第三人称）.“第三人称不更新”原那么指宜接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在 间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr Li said, u Jack is a good worker.v李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”（直接引语的主语为第三人称）f Mr Li said Jack was a good worker.李先生说杰克是一位好工人。（间接引语中人称不变）三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个that那个these这些those那些时间状语now现在then那时today今天that day 那天this morning 今天上午that morning那天上午时间状语tonight今天晚上that night那天晚上tomorrow 明天the next/following day 第二天yesterday 昨天the day before 前一天last night昨天晚上the night before 前一天晚上the day before yesterday 前天two days before 两天前three days ago 三天前three days before 三天前next week 下一周the next/following week 第二周ago(至今)以前before(那时)以前地点状语here这儿there那儿方向性动词bring带来take带走come 来go去四、连接词的选择.宜接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可 以省略。He said, “【was cooking when the earthquake happened.MHe said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.1 .直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用vhether(.or .或.or not)或if引导。He said* Are you interested in English? ”-*He asked (me) if7whether I was interested in English.注意：如果主句中谓语动词是said,那么将其改为asked。3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直 接引语和间接引语之间的转换规那么来进行。"What' s your name? w he asked me.f He asked me what my name was.注意：疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。HomeworkDo (he exercises on Page 76 (Workbook of Unit 3).