介词加关系代词与关系副词.ppt

关于介词加关系代词与关系副词现在学习的是第1页，共41页关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject (主语主语) object (宾语宾语)attribute（定（定语）语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略现在学习的是第2页，共41页The Attributive Clause 2-Relative Adverbs现在学习的是第3页，共41页Learning Aims1. 介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句2.定语从句中关系副词的用法定语从句中关系副词的用法现在学习的是第4页，共41页1. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物指物), who/whom/that(指人指人)作从句中介词的宾语作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?介词介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句现在学习的是第5页，共41页2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物)，且关系代词不能省略。，且关系代词不能省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing .介词介词+关系代词引导定语从句情况关系代词引导定语从句情况1现在学习的是第6页，共41页介词介词+关系代词引导定语从句情况关系代词引导定语从句情况1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin现在学习的是第7页，共41页介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况The man you spoke was a scientist.The city she lives is far away.toin 2Are these two sentences right?whomwhichwhothat 在介词之后不能用在介词之后不能用who that现在学习的是第8页，共41页I saw the watch which you are looking ?The old man whom I am looking is better . 在在短语动词短语动词中介词不能提前中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?for after 现在学习的是第9页，共41页注意注意:在介词在介词+which/whom引导定语引导定语从句结构中，有时从句结构中，有时在其前可加名词，代词，数在其前可加名词，代词，数词等词等。如：。如：No one wants the room the windows of which are broken.(“的的”，所属关，所属关系系)The old man has three sons, all of whom are doctors.(整体的一部分或全整体的一部分或全部部)Last Sunday I bought several books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(整体的一部分或整体的一部分或全部全部)现在学习的是第10页，共41页(2) 根据根据先行词先行词的习惯搭配来决定。的习惯搭配来决定。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.3. 介词的选用原则：介词的选用原则：根据定语从句根据定语从句谓语动词，形容词谓语动词，形容词的习惯搭配来决定。的习惯搭配来决定。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.The thing about/of which Mr. Smith was not sure was the young mans honesty.现在学习的是第11页，共41页(3)根据定语从句的意义来决定根据定语从句的意义来决定Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot.现在学习的是第12页，共41页现在学习的是第13页，共41页用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。1. I disagree with the facts _ which your argument is based.2. The song, _ which he was interested, will never be heard again.3. This is the reason _ which he often comes to school late.on in for现在学习的是第14页，共41页4. I want to find the very pen _ which I wrote that letter.5. They are the students _ whom our teachers are thinking highly.6. It is important to choose good friends _ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts.7. It will not be necessary to name the person _ whom the card belongs.8. I would always like to do business with those people _ whom I can rely.withof withtoon / upon现在学习的是第15页，共41页1. I will never forget the day _ we studied together.2. That was the pen he wrote the letter.on whichwith whichfor which3. Do you like the book she paid $10?4. Do you like the book she spent $10? 5. This is the herowe are proud.6. There are three things _ she is not sure.of whomon whichabout which现在学习的是第16页，共41页5. 先行词是先行词是the way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，且在从句时，且在从句中做方式状语时，引导定语从句的关系词用中做方式状语时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略或省略。 I didnt like the way _she talked to me.（she talked to me in the way）The way _he teaches English is interesting. (he teaches English in the way)（that/in which）（that/in which）Pay attention to this sentence:I didnt like the way_ he told to me. （he told the way to me）which/that/省略省略现在学习的是第17页，共41页关系副词关系副词 ： 在定语从句中，当表示在定语从句中，当表示时间、地点、时间、地点、原因原因的名词作先行词时，的名词作先行词时，且且先行词先行词在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语，应用关系副，应用关系副词词when,where,why.现在学习的是第18页，共41页关系副词的用法关系副词的用法 关系副词关系副词 指代先指代先行词行词在从句中的成分在从句中的成分When(=at/in/on/during等介词+ which) Where(=in/at 等介词+which)why (=for which) 表时间表时间时间状语时间状语表地点表地点地点状语地点状语表原因表原因原因状语原因状语现在学习的是第19页，共41页关系副词关系副词-when , where, why1.when 表示时间表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名的名词词 （如如:time,day,year,week,month,morning,evening等）等）,在从句中作时间状语在从句中作时间状语when可换成可换成“at/in/on/during等介词介词+关系代词关系代词”。 e.g. I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing. My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.现在学习的是第20页，共41页2. where 表示地点，其先行词往往表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地是表示地点的名词点的名词(如如:place,room,house,hotel,school,city等等)，在从句当中作地点状语。，在从句当中作地点状语。when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”。如：。如：o This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.o My father was born in the place where (= in which) World War broke out.现在学习的是第21页，共41页3. why 表示原因，常用在先行词表示原因，常用在先行词reason 后后,表表示原因，在从句当中做原因状语，示原因，在从句当中做原因状语，相当于相当于 for+whichThere are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.现在学习的是第22页，共41页reasonreason 作先行词时关系词的使用作先行词时关系词的使用Im not clear about the reason for which he did it. why he did it that he did it.先行词先行词 the reason for which why that 现在学习的是第23页，共41页 The house where he lives needs repairing The reason why Jim was happy to help Mandela was helping others. The day when Mandela told me what to do and helped him was the happiest day for Jim.下面我们学习一下关系副词下面我们学习一下关系副词whenwherewhy的用的用法法现在学习的是第24页，共41页 The house which he lives in needs repairing.The house in which he lives needs repairing.The house where he lives needs repairing Comparing and discovering现在学习的是第25页，共41页The reason why Jim was happy to help Mandela was helping others.The reason for which Jim was happy to help Mandela was helping others.现在学习的是第26页，共41页.The day when Mandela told me what to do and helped him was the happiest day for Jim.The day on which Mandela told me what to do and helped him was the happiest day for Jim现在学习的是第27页，共41页4. 关系副词的用法注意点关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为当先行词为time，表示，表示“次数次数”时，应用关系时，应用关系词词that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.现在学习的是第28页，共41页(2)当当point, situation, case, position, stage, condition等词作先行词表示等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合情况，境地，场合”等抽象意思时，其后常由等抽象意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：在句中作状语。如：oIve come to the point where I cant stand him.我我已经到了已经到了无法容忍他无法容忍他的地步了的地步了oWe are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.我们正处在我们正处在可能损失一笔钱可能损失一笔钱的境地。的境地。 Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used? 你能想到一种你能想到一种使用这个短语使用这个短语的情况吗？的情况吗？现在学习的是第29页，共41页小结小结:关系词的选择关系词的选择1.找先行词找先行词2.先行词在从句中作什么成分先行词在从句中作什么成分 （1）主语、宾语、表语、定语）主语、宾语、表语、定语-关系代词关系代词 状语状语-关系副词关系副词 （2）先行词前是否需要介词）先行词前是否需要介词 要要-关系副词关系副词 不要不要-关系代词关系代词现在学习的是第30页，共41页关系词关系词及其用法小结及其用法小结关系代词关系代词 指代指代 在定从中在定从中 省略否省略否 who whom whose which that 人人作作主主语语不省不省人人作作宾宾语语可省可省人人/物物(的的)作作定定语语(+n)不省不省事事/物物作作主主语语/宾宾语语作宾语时可省作宾语时可省人人/物物作作主主语语/宾宾语语作宾语时可省作宾语时可省关系代词在定关系代词在定语从句中语从句中作宾作宾语时语时可以可以省略省略 that 关系副词关系副词 指代指代 在定从中在定从中 省略否省略否 when where why介词介词+which作作时间时间状语状语介词介词+which介词介词for+which作作地点地点状语状语作作原因原因状语状语不省不省不省不省不省不省不可以不可以省省略略现在学习的是第31页，共41页辨析辨析which or where/when/why在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语还是还是作主语作主语/ /宾语宾语现在学习的是第32页，共41页which or where/when/why 1. This is the museum _ my mother worked 10 years ago. (worked in the museum 地点状语地点状语) This is the museum _ was built in 1950. (the museum was build) （museum 主语主语）在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语还是还是作主语作主语/ /宾语宾语wherewhich现在学习的是第33页，共41页2. July 1, 1921 was the day _ our Party was founded(成立成立). (our Party was founded on the day 作状语）作状语） July 1, 1921 was the day _ we will not forget.（we will never forget the day作宾语）作宾语）whenwhichwhich or where/when/why在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语还是还是作主语作主语/ /宾语宾语及物动词现在学习的是第34页，共41页3. I remember the days _ I lived in my home town. (I lived in my home town during the days 作状作状语）语） I remember the days _ I spent with my grandpa.（I spent the days with . the days作宾语作宾语）whenwhichwhich or where/when/why在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语还是还是作主语作主语/ /宾语宾语现在学习的是第35页，共41页4. The house _ were going to visit was built a century ago. (visit the house) The house _ used to be a temple is a school now. (the house used to be a temple) The house _ he used to live was flooded. ( he used to live in the house)(which / that )which / that where 现在学习的是第36页，共41页5.A bookstore is a place_ you can get books. (you can get the books in the place) A bookstore is a place _ books are sold. (books are sold in the place) A bookstore is a place _ sell books. (the place sells books)wherewhich/thatwhere现在学习的是第37页，共41页6.I cant find the card _ I wrote your address. ( I wrote your address on the card) I cant find the card _ _ I wrote your address.7.The box _ he put his photos is gone. (he put his photo into the box) The box _ he is carrying is heavy. (he is carrying the box)wherewhereonwhich(that/ which)现在学习的是第38页，共41页8.The hotel _ we stayed during our holiday stands by the seaside. (we stayed in the hotel) The hotel _ stands by the seaside is quite comfortable. (the hotel stands by the seaside)wherewhich/ thatwhich or where/when/why在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语还是还是作主语作主语/ /宾语宾语现在学习的是第39页，共41页9.The reason _ he did it is not clear. (he did it for .reason 作状语作状语 ) The reason _ he gave to the teacher is unbelievable. (he gave the reason(宾语宾语) to the teacher) whywhichwhich or where/when/why在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语还是还是作主语作主语/ /宾语宾语现在学习的是第40页，共41页感谢大家观看现在学习的是第41页，共41页