含蓄条件句(4页).doc

-含蓄虚拟条件句的七种表现形式 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句，其主要用法及表现形式可归纳如下：1. 将条件隐含在不定式短语中I would write to her, but I dont know her address. 我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址。(=If I knew her address, I would write to her. But)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=If you had studied harder, you)2. 将条件隐含在分词短语中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he would)Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed this time, what would)Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中行走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she)3. 将条件隐含在介词短语中But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(=If it hadnt been for your help, we)In different circumstances, I would have said yes. 在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。(=If circumstances had been different, I would)4. 将条件隐含在名词短语中Any person who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed. 任何人这样做了都会被开除。(=If any person should behave in that way, he would)A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you)5. 将条件隐含在某些连词中I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)6. 将条件隐含在定语从句中Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting)7. 将条件隐含在一定的上下文中You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(=If you wanted to, you might)Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=If you read all these papers, It would take too long) 虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不通过条件从句表示而含蓄在短语中（介词短语，分词短语，不定式短语，名词短语等）或上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。主句虚拟谓语构成与if虚拟条件从句的主句构成相同（详见上面表格）含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。(1)      条件暗含在上下文中。You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to) (2)      习惯用法在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。You wouldnt know. 你不会知道。I would like to come. 我愿意来。在if it were( had been )not for .此句型意为要不是由于，一般是对过去或者现在的真实条件陈述，但是习惯用虚拟语气If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today. （现在真实条件）(3)      条件暗含在短语或者单词中。将条件隐含在不定式短语中。I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。(=I should be happy if I could go with you.)  对将来的一种希望将条件隐含在分词短语中。Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he )Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed this time, what)  对将来的未知情况假设将条件隐含在介词短语中。  常用的介词或介词短语，如but for, only for, but that, without, in case of, under, under more favorable condition等。Without air, no one could live. 没有空气，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.) But for his help, he would have failed. 要不是有他的帮助，他就会失败了。(=If it hadnt been for his help, he would have failed.) But for(要不是因为)通常表示对过去的虚拟，属于条件句，结果句用3d+t have doneBut for(要不是因为) your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(暗含在分词短词but for your help)But for their help,we_ the program in time(2009 安徽)答案 DA can not finish   B will not finish  C had not finished  D could not have finished 将条件隐含在名词短语中。A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would)A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you)将条件隐含在副词中。Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone) 将条件隐含在并列连词中：but对应条件句,or, otherwise, or else, and, ?also 对应结果句a)        but引导一个表示真实情况的分句，用正常陈述语气（可以理解成条件句），前面并列句子可以理解成结果句。But引导的并列句子：条件句真实，结果句虚拟。实际上把but换成if时，需要改成否定,表示与过去事实相反的条件句=if my car hadnt broken down,因此主句应该用与过去相反的虚拟 I would have arrived earlier but my car broke down on the way 我本可以早点到的，但是我的汽车坏在路上了 （10安徽26）Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy                 B. is busy                  C. had been busy. D. will be busy答案：A.考点：本题考查虚拟语气与时态。解析：前句表示对过去的虚拟，而but之后表示过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态 b)        这些连词后的句子如果说的不是客观事实，它们前边的句子采用正常的陈述语气，对应条件句，连词引导的句子采用虚拟语气，对应结果句：结果句虚拟，条件句真实句子（一般现在时）+ or/or else, otherwise,and+ 结果句（谓语部分：shouldwouldcouldmight等+ 动词原形）句子（一般过去时）+ or/ or else, otherwise,and + 结果句（谓语部分：shouldwouldcouldmight等+ have done） He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or (可换成otherwise后加逗号)he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy) Tell me the truth,and you wouldnt have to fear. （与现在事实相反，and引导结果句）=If you told me the truth,you wouldnt have to fear.-第 4 页-