高三英语一轮复习资料--Book-2.docx

Unit 1 Cultural reHcs对应课标 主题语境人与社会物质与非物质文化遗产一、高考这样考/新高考已由“知识立意"转向“素养立意”高考语篇不仅是用于“做”的，在很大程度上是用于“品”的作为晨读价值很大噢！（2015四川高考阅读理解 E 篇）lNo one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock 'n' roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.2 uTechnically, I think what they' re proposing is possible, “ physicist Daniel Bonn said.3People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there's no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.4The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds （滑板）.Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.5Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.6However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, 'Why don，t they just try rolling the things? ' " A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone "a lot easier to roll than a square”.7So he tried it.8He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.9They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery （滑的）path.演绎法练通单句语法填空©Survivors （survive） of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.He survived his wife by five years.If he couldn，t find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival （survive）.（20196 月浙江高考）Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving entirely on discarded （丢弃）food.句式升级（2016/0 月浙江高考写作）After she had survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right.f Having survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right.（分 词作状语）名师指津survive表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in, from等。2 . design n.设计；图案；构思vt.设计；计划；构思单句语法填空They asked me to design a poster for the campaign.She arrived just as we were leaving, but I'm not sure whether this was by accident or by design.句式升级The project, which was designed to help the students in need, didn，t work out as planned.f The project, designedto help the students in need, didn't work out as planned.（分词作 后置定语）根据汉语提示完成下面语段©Children above 12 are able to take part in skiing or other sports designed fojthem （为他6 而设计的）.These exercises are designedo build up their body （目的是使他们强身健体）.So they all like to do them.归纳法记牢（l）design sb. to do sth.打算让某人做某事be designed for/to do sth.旨在；打算被用来做某事（2）by design 故意地；蓄意地3 .remove vt.&vi.移动；搬开；拿走；去除；开除；免职；脱掉（衣物）；消除the soil stayed slightly wet, more tree seedlings sprouted （抽芽）,and the system was full of activity despite the long, hard dry spell.For Griffiths, it was only because they happened to study the drought that they could pick out the real importance of termites to the system, she points out. "And that rings alarm bells in my head, “ she says, "because it makes me think, well, what else don，t we know? If we start damaging biological communities, we don't know what that will do.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。白蚁因每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的房产而登上新闻头 条，它们的碳排放量约占全球的2%。因此，人们想要消灭白蚁。但是科学家通过试验表明， 白蚁对自然生态系统的作用是不可估量的。7 . Which of the following best explains "a bum rap" underlined in Paragraph 2?A. Unfair blame.B. Wide popularity.C- Public attention.D. Special preference.解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句和第三段第一句“But they play a key role in many natural ecosystems."可知，白蚁因每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的房产而登上新闻头条， 人们想杀死它们，但它们在许多自然生态系统中发挥了关键的作用，由此可推知，画线词所 在句表示白蚁受到了不公平的责备。8 . What have scientists learned about termites?A. They do serious harm to tropical rainforests.B They contribute a lot to the ecosystem they live in.C. They act as food for other plants, insects and animals.D. They speed up the loss of nutrition in the rainforest.解析：选B 细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解，尤其是第二句中的"termites chew up fallen leaves . by other plants, insects, and animals”可知，白蚁会啃食落叶和枯木，并让枯木中 的营养物质重新进入生态系统，供其他植物、昆虫和动物使用。由此可知，科学家们已经知 道白蚁对它们居住的生态系统贡献很大。9. What can we infer from the finding of Griffiths' experiment?A. Termites help rainforests survive climate change.B Termites prefer drought years to non-drought ones.C. Termites benefit more from the forest during the drought.D. Termites enjoy eating tree seedlings during the drought.解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句"What they found was . hard dry spell. 可知，在白蚁密集的地区，土壤保持湿润，更多的树苗抽芽，生态系统在漫长干旱的时期充 满活力。由此可推知，白蚁能帮助雨林渡过气候变化。10. What does Griffiths tell us in the last paragraph?A. Termites are now in danger of extinction.B Termites damage biological communities.C. We should think twice before damaging a species.D. We should study the drought to improve the system.解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段，尤其是“If we start damaging biological communities, we don，t know what that will do.”可知，如果我们开始破坏生物群落，我们不知 道会发生什么。由此可推知，Griffiths在最后一段告诉我们在破坏一个物种之前，我们应该 三思而后行。B卷核心素养强化练I .完形填空（2020山东新高考模拟）My name is Miranda Gibson. I have been at the top of a tree for five months now. Some people might wonder on earth I would choose to do that.I have walked through this forest many times. On 12 December 2011,2 rolled into theforest and the destruction （摧毁）began. I couldn，t 3 the thought that these forests would be 4 forever. So, on 14 December 2011,1 packed up my life, 5 of my job plans, and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree. I have been here ever since.Life in the tree tops can be 6 at times. I have times when I feel frustrated （沮丧）and wish I could 7 to anywhere, just have a H of scenery for a minute! There are times too, when I feel terribly 9 . I miss my friends and family. 10 these times, I find myself loving the 11 .Living on the tree has been inspiring. I am willing to 12 up here for as long as it takes, 13 I honestly hope it won，t be too 14 before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be 15 .语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者住在树上阻止他人伐树的故事。1. A.whyB. whenC. howD. where解析：选A 空处引导宾语从句，wonder后接表示原因的连接副词why。2. A.waterB.animalsC. machineryD.tourists解析：选C 根据空后面的“destruction （摧毁）”进行判断，只有机器有能力摧毁森林。3. A.bearB.helpC. keepD.spare解析：选A 考查动宾搭配，could not bear the thought "不能忍受这种想法；" bear “忍 受“；help “帮助” ;keep “保持"；spare “抽出，留出“。B - stolen4. A.soldC. protectedD. lost解析：选D 本题可根据同义复现解题。根据前文“destruction （摧毁）”进行判断，森林 将永久消失。5 . A.grew outB. fell shortC. ran outD. let go解析：选D 根据上文“I packed up my life”可知，此处表示“我”放下工作。ran out of "逃 离“；grow out of “产生自” ;fall short ”达不至1J ” ； let go of “放手”。6. A.refreshingB. riskyC. challengingD. rewarding解析：选C 本句是本段的主旨句。根据后文可知，作者时而感到沮丧时而孤独，故可 判断此处表示树顶的生活是有挑战性的，C项challenging符合语境。refreshing "令人耳目一 新的“ ；risky “有风险的“ ；rewarding “有回报的“。7. A.get upB. get awayC. give inD. give up解析：选B 考查动词搭配。作者感到沮丧的时候想要远离当前的环境去其他地方。get away to “远离"；get up "起立"；give in “让步”；give up "放弃”。8. A.changeB. lookC. searchD. touch解析：选A 考查动宾搭配，由前文可知作者长期待在树顶感到沮丧，因此想要改变一 下风景。9. A.confusedB. nervousC. sorryD.lonely解析：选D 根据后文“miss friends and family”可知，此处表示作者感觉很孤单。10. A.BeyondB.WithoutC. DespiteD.Unlike解析：选C 尽管有这些不愉快的时光，作者还是很喜欢这种经历，前后逻辑相反，承 认事实否定结果，表示让步关系。beyond “超出” ;without "没有“；despite "尽管”； unlike “不像”。11. A.heightB.experienceC. backgroundD.position解析：选B 此处，experience对应本段段首的“Life in the tree tops”。12. A. re turnB.stopC. stayD.hide解析：选C stay up “待在这里”。13. A.butB. thoughC. becauseD. so解析：选A 根据语境可知，前后句是完全相反的逻辑关系，后句否定前句的事实及结 果，表示转折，故选A。14. A.soonB.longC. nearD.bad解析：选B 此处可根据原词复现解题，前文出现了“as long as”。15. A.movedB.loggedC. burnedD.missed解析：选B 根据前文说到的“destruction"(摧毁)和机器以及森林即将消失可知，log “采 伐树木”，符合语境。II ,语法填空The population of the milu around China，s Poyang Lake 1 (grow) from 47 to 55 since a group of the rare deer was released (释放)there about a year ago. Yang Qibo, who is in charge of Poyang County's wildlife protection station, told the public that they had recorded 2 birth of 8 deer over the past year. Last April, 3 (improve) biodiversity in the local wetland ecosystem, China released 47 deer into the wild around Poyand Lake, the country? s largest freshwater lake. The species， sudden 4 (disappear) occurred around 1,000 years ago in this area. Local officials said the deer adapted well to the new environment and coexisted 5 (peaceful) with local villagers. Whenever a deer 6 (spot), villagers would always report it to wildlife authorities. There were some cases 7 the villagers，crops were damaged by the deer, but they usually chose to drive the deer away instead of hurting them. The milu, also known as Pere David，s deer, is native to China. In China it bears the 8 (humor) name “sibuxiang" or “like none of the fbur“ for its unique features. The wetland deer species is put 9 A-level state protection after overhunting and habitat (栖息地)loss led to its nearly 10 (die) out in the early 20th century. Now about 6,700 deer live across the country, including 1,500 in the wild.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国为挽救濒临灭绝的珍稀动物麋鹿所作的努力 和成果。1. has grown 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。since引导的从句用了 一般过去时，主句谓 语动词的动作已经完成，故要用现在完成时。population作主语时，若作为一个整体看待， 谓语动词常用单数；若着眼于成员或个体，谓语动词常用复数。根据下文中的“from 47 to 55” 可知此处是作为一个整体看待，故此处用单数形式。2. the 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指过去一年中八头麋鹿的出生，表特指，故 用定冠词。3. to improve 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所在部分是非谓语动词短语, 且作目的状语，故要填不定式。4. disappearance 考查名词。此处作主语，要用名词disappearance “消失”。5. peacefully 考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词coexisted,故用副词peacefully "和平地”。6. was spotted 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语a deer是单数，与谓语spot “发 现”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，再根据主句的时态可知，从句要用一般过去时。注意： spot的过去分词要双写t,再加-ed。7. where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词cases “情 况"，cases表示抽象的地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where。8. humorous 考查形容词。空处作定语修饰name,故要用所给词的形容词形式 humorous “滑稽有趣的”。9. under 考查介词。under常与protection连用表示“在保护下”，故要用介词under。10. dying 考查非谓语动词。leadto“导致”中的to是介词，其后可跟名词、代词或动 名词。分析句子结构可知，此处是动名词的复合结构，故填dying。Unit 5 Music对应课标主题语境人与社会影视、音乐等领域的概况及其发展一、高考这样考/新高考已由“知识立意"转向“素养立意”高考语篇不仅是用于“做”的，在很大程度上是用于“品”的作为晨读价值很大噢！（2017 全国卷 I J闻读理解 C 篇）1 Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO （United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization） recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying （联合）voice across cultures.2 Despite the celebrations, though, in the U. S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.3 It's Jason Moran，s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center，s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.4 “Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite, “ Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually color, and it，s actually digital.”5 Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. "The music can，t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.lt has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same, “ says Moran.6 Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller，s music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music, “ says Moran. "For me, it's the recontextualization.In music, where does the emotion （情 感）lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight （感悟）on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context, v says Moran, "so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”（语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇）真题不厌百回做28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A. To remember the birth of jazz.B To protect cultural diversity.C. To encourage people to study music.D. To recognize the value of jazz.解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句"UNESCO . to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying （联合）voice across cultures. ” 可知, 联合国 教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答 案为Do29. What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Jazz becoming more accessible.B The production of jazz growing faster.C. Jazz being less popular with the young.D The jazz audience becoming larger.解析：选C 代词指代题。根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段“the music has failed to connect with younger generations”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年 轻人喜欢的现状。30. What can we infer about Moran，s opinion on jazz?A. It will disappear gradually.B It remains black and white.C. It should keep up with the times.D. It changes every 50 years.解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可知，由于时代在改变,人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变， 所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Exploring the Future of JazzB . The Rise and Fall of JazzC. The Story of a Jazz MusicianD. Celebrating the Jazz Day解析：选A 标题归纳题。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士 乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A 项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。考查素养深发掘一、依据语篇隐性考查的语言能力1 .主题词汇语境中回顾（文中黑体词汇多揣摩）2 .熟词生义语境中辨析（写出黑体词汇的语境之义）©UNESCO . recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music 确定 Jazz seems like it，s not really a part of the American appetite 胃 口Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music有点儿；稍微3 .生僻词汇语境中推断（写出汉语意思并识记积累）©Despite the celebrations, though, in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older .收缩；缩小（D .so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.培养； 促进4 .用构词法解构词汇多领悟（写出词源或意义）Some of the world，s most famous musicians （t司源： music） recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.意为： 音乐家As t