介词用法归纳(7页).doc

-介词用法归纳-第 7 页介词的用法与练习I. 介词的种类 1. 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without, to, by, with, of, over, behind, up, after, against 等。 2.  复合介词，如 on to , along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。 3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, keep away from, care about等。 (2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at (3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for,  a visit to等. *介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。II. 某些介词的意义与用法区别1.  at, on, in(表时间) : at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子 A. at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如： at five oclock, at down, at noon, at midnight,  at that time/moment ，at this time of day  B. in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如： in 2006, in May，2004，in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ， in the 21st century ，in three days ，in a week ，in spring 。 * C. on后跟某日，星期几，某日的朝夕，节日等,即具体某一天极其早中、晚.on Sunday ，on a warm morning in April ，on a December night ，on Christmas afternoon ，on October 1，1949 ，on New Years Day.*(特别提示): 在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词2.  between, among(表位置) “在.之间” A. between仅用于二者之间， 如 Im sitting between Tom and Alice. B. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如： He is the best among the students. 3. beside, besides, except beside意为"在旁边"， He sat beside me.besides意为"除之外", 包括在内。What do you want besides this? except意为"除之外", 不包括在内 They go to work in a week except Saturday.4. in the tree, on the tree in the tree ,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上，on the tree ,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西5. on the way, by the way, in this way on the way 指在路上, on ones way to .by the way 指顺便问一句in this way 用这样的方法 , in that way , in other way, in these ways6. across, through, 和past“通过, 经过” across从表面经过, 如,road, bridge, river through从内部空间经过, 如: city, woods, forests, window, gate past , 从旁边经过.EX: Fill in the blanks with past ,across or through. 1. We have to walk _the gate to go into the factory. 2. When we went _the cinema,we saw a traffic accident. 3. Look out _the window, please. 4. Dont walk_the ice. Its dangerous. 5. Suddenly, a young man ran _me. 6. If you walk _the square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel. 7. The river goes _the city. 8. The old man can swim _the stream. 9. I walked _him without saying hello. 10. The army moved _the forests quietly.7. for , since, A. since仅说明什么时候开始，, 后常跟一个具体的过去的时间.B. for 表示某动作或情况持续多久, 后常跟一段时间。        He has studied the piano for 5 years. They have lived here since 1978.EX: Fill in the blanks with for or since.1. The little boy has been waiting _ two hours outside.2. He has taught here_ he graduated from the college.3. The man has worked in the company _ twenty years ago.4. Have you lived in China _ many years?5. Her grandma has been ill _a few months.8. in, after    “以后”A. “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后, 用在将来时态中., 常回答how soon的提问.B. “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后, 相当于 一段时间+ laterMy mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after fifty minutes.   = He arrived fifty minutes later. EX: Fill in the blanks with in or after.1. They will leave for Guangzhou _ two hours.2. My father said that he would come back _ a week.3. _ three hous , they arrived at a small village.4. Will you be able to finish the task _ half an hour?5. Mr. Wang finally mastered how to work the machine _ ten days.9. by, with, in , on 表示方式, 手段,工具， A. by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟V-ing形式. B. with 表示用 工具, C. in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、颜色)等 D. on 表示通过媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV Eg: He learned Japanese by listening to the radio. We Chinese have meals with chopsticks. The novel is written in English. Ex: Fill in the blanks with by, with or in,on 1. I sent the message to him _email. 2. The pupils write _pencils. 3. Do you know the meaning of word _Chinese ? 4. The man climbed up to the tree _a ladder. 5. They solved the problem _ communicating. 6. The woman was crying _a low voice. 7. The old man often gets news _the radio. 8. We often cut things _a knife. 9. He improved his writing skill _keeping diaries. 10. My grandpa can sing some songs _Russian. 10 . 放在地点之前的介词:at, in, on A. at  (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边” eg: at the door, at the table,B. in  (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。C. on  表示毗邻，接壤D. to   表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤III. 介词的其他一些用法.1. against, 靠着, 反对， 违背, 对抗. He was against the laws. 2. as, 作为. English is used as a mother language.3. at, 在旁边, The boy is sitting at the door.4. but, 除了. He has nothing but money.5. for., 为., 因为., 至于. He failed the exam for his carelessness.6. like, 象, 如同. He looks like my best friend.7. till, until, 直到, 在以前. We didnt go home till five yesterday. 8. with , 有，带着 。 Id like some coffee with sugar.9. by, 在.附近 They live by a river.10. 短语介词: thanks to, because of, in spite of, instead of, pass on to, with the help of一. 选择最佳答案(表示时间关系的介词).1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.A. on B. at C. in D. for2. What do you usually do _ Christmas?A. on B. at C. in D. for3. Mrs Brown worded in the west of Australia _ last summer?A. / B. on C. in D. since4. The first class begins _ 8 oclock _ the morning.A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on5. _the past two months he has been busy with his school work.A. For B. On C. Since D. At6. _last Saturday, we had had two football matches with Class Two.A. For B. / C. By D. During7. We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till8. Mr Black will visit our new school building _ two days.A. before B. after C. at D. in 9. _ the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army _ the end.A. At/at B. By/in C. In /at D. At /in10. We will have a football match _ this Saturday afternoon.A. on B. / C. in D. for11. He came to see you _ the evening of May 10th.A. in B. at C. on D. for12. Im afraid I gave you a lot of trouble _ my stay here.A. in B. for C. during D. on13. The singing group will have two performances _ October.A. after B. since C. / D. for14. The supermarket is open _ midnight.A. at B. on C. till D. /15. She didnt go to work _ that morning. She slept _ noon.A. /till B. ontill C. atat D. /at16. He was ill _ a week, and _ the week he ate almost nothing .A. for/at B. for/during C. during/during D. for/for17. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in 18. Children get presents _ Christmas and _ their birthday. Granny is coming for lunch_ Christmas day.A. at/on/on B. on/on/on C. at/in/at D. in/on/in19._ New Years eve people usually dont go to bed until midnight. A. At B. On C. For D. In20. Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends.A. at B. in C. for D. /21. Every day the old man takes these children home _ school.A. at B. to C. from D. after22. Could you come to my office _ the day after tomorrow.A./ B. on C. in D. at23. We had built three bridges over the river _ the end of 1994.A. at B. on C. for D. by24. Life will be better _ the 21st century.A. at B. on C. for D. in25. Do you often work late _ night.A. at B. in C. for D. during 二. 选择最佳答案(表示地点运动方向的介词).1. I had a new card, and I didnt write _.A. on it B. it C. in it D. above it2. There is a bridge _ the river.A. under B. over C. on D. next3. He said that he would meet us _ the cinema.A. in B. at C. on D. in 4. There is a book store_ the street corner.A. at B. in C. on D. by5. From the top of the teaching building we saw the lake _ us.A. under B. over C. below D. above6. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A. on B. at C. in D. besides7. It was written _ page 20.A. at B. in C. on D. above8. My house is _ the two buildings, so we get little sunshine during the day.A. between B. among C. in D. at9. Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bus stop _ her father.A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at10. Dont talk so loud _ table.A. by B. on C. at D. beside11. Is there anything interesting _ todays newspaper?A. in B. on C. at D. /12. Cars and buses travel _ the road to the town.A. on B. along C. in D. by13. Can you tell me who spoke _ the meeting ?A. at B. along C. in D. for14. My uncle lives _ 208 Smith Street.A. at B. on C. to D. with15. At last we reaches the village _ the hill.A. at the foot of B. at foot C. on foot of D. in the foot from16. Shanghai is _ the east of China and Japan is _the east of China.A. to/to B. to /in C. in /to D. in /in17. _ the end of the street you can find the post office.A. By B. At C. On D. In 18. Do you often listen _the programmes _ the radio.A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on D. on /to19. Please wait _the office . Dont come in until you are called.A. in B. into C. inside D. outside20. Are you going to leave Guangzhou _ Beijing?A. for B. to C. from D. in21. The whale has a nose _ the top of its head.A. at B. above C. over D. on22. You must go _ the bridge and then you will see the bank _ the left.A. over/on B. to /by C. to/on D. over/at23. There is a hole _ the wall.A. in B. at C. for D. towards24. Can you tell me the way _ Shanghai Zoo?A. to B. at C. for D. towards25. Bill kicked the ball too hard , and it went _ the street _ one of Mr. Smiths windows.A. across/on B. through./on C. across/through D. to / through三. 选择最佳答案(注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词)1. Thank you _ your coming.A. to B. of C. by D. for2. He spent a long time _ the maths problem.A. in B. on C. for D. at 3. Mr Li is going to help him _ his Chinese this afternoon.A. with B. on C. by D. at4. How much did you pay _ this book?A. for B. at C. on D. with 5. Please translate the sentence _ English.A. into B. to C. at D. for6. The price of the computer has been reduced_ 5%.A. off B. to C. by D. about7. Please fill the bottle_ tea.A. by B. with C. for D. in8. The machines cut big pieces of metal _small pieces.A. in B. by C. to D. into 9. Billy works hard at school and his teachers often praise him_ his hard work.A. with B. at C. on D. for10. You must apologize _ her for your rudeness.A. to B. at C. on D. with11.I got angry and I threw a stone _him. A. to B. towards C. at D. for12. You can borrow the book _ your school library.A. from B. to C. for D. at13. I prefer coffee_ tea.A. over B. to C. for D. than14. Would you show me _ your factory?A. to B. in C. at D. round15. Dont catch me _ the arm. I have nothing to do _the matter.A. by/with B. on/with C. by/on D. on/on16. Help yourself_ some fish. It tastes very nice.A. with B. on C. in D. to17. Bill must deliver the newspapers_ peoples houses_ all kinds of weather.A. to/in B. at/in C. for/for D. to/for18. They havent decided_ the date for the next meeting.A. for B. by C. in D. on19. Let me introduce her _ you. A. with B. on C. to D. for 20. Li Ling fell _ his bicycle this morning A. on B. down C. off D. to21. I shouted_ her, but shi didnt hear me.A. to B. at C. on D. for22. Tom has made friends_ many Chinese students.A. with B. to C. by D. among23. After school, I often learn singing and dancing _ hobbies.A. / B. on C. in D. for24. LI Ming fell ill this morning, so he asked _ leave.A. from B. for C. on D. in 25. I saw the man hit the boy _ the face.A. in B. on C. toward D. by四. 选择最佳答案(注意介词的习惯用法)1. Mr Li, shall I write _ ink? A. by B. of C. in D. with2. Can you find out the answer_ these questions?A. of B. for C. to D. with3. _ his help, I passed the English test yesterday.A. Under B. Of C. With D. by4. Dont forget to bring your text book _ you.A. in B after C. with D. to5. The people are waiting _ the bus, and they ate standing _ line.A. for/on B. for/in C. at /on D. at/in6. Can you sing this song _ English?A. with B. in C. by