高三英语一轮复习资料--Book-8.docx

Unit 1 A land of diversity对应课标主题语境人与社会重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源一、高考这样考/新高考已由“知识立意"转向“素养立意”高考语篇不仅是用于“做”的，在很大程度上是用于“品”的作为晨读价值很大噢！（2018全国卷01 阅读理解 B 篇）lCities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness （荒 野）. But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.2Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche （'雪崩）once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.3But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go - to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City its present population is 762.（语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇）真题不厌百回做24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A. Its business culture.B - Its small population.C. Its geographical position.D. Its favourable climate.(4)My hometown lies at the foot of the mountain, with a big river running in front of it.我的家乡坐落在山脚下，有一条大河从它的前面流过。互动区能力为主攻,高频考点从深度上挖潜强化学习能力突破高频单词1 . majority n.大多数；大半(l)a/the majority of大多数in a/the majority 占多数by/with a majority of 以多数票(2)minority n,少数in a/the minority 占少数演绎法练通单句语法填空The majority is/are (be) in favour of banning smoking in public places.The majority of astronauts from America have been (be) men in the last few years.补全句子Women are in the majority in the nursing profession while men in the minority.在护理行业，女性占多数而男性占少数。©Members of parliament approved the draft by/with a majority of ninety-nine.议员以99票的多数票批准了这项草案。名师指津“a/the majority of+名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后 名词的数。the majority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。2 . elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人单句语法填空She was elected (elect) as new Prime Minister last year.If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students，after-class activities.©Increasing numbers of people elect to work (work) from home nowadays.归纳法记牢(l)elect sb. (as/to be)+职位 选举某人为(2)elect to do sth.选择做某事(3)election n.选举和灾害救助时也能够发挥重要的作用。二、备考这样学A轮复习应由“依托教材”转向“依托课标”HB自学区 学生为主体，语言基础从广度上积累(一)主题阅读类词汇多多益善3 .回顾单元词汇第一组：阅读单词知其意(l)mat n.席子；垫子(2)beast n.野兽(3)quilt n,被子；棉被(4)onion n.洋葱(5)skateboard n.滑板(6)yogurt n.酸奶；酸乳酪(7)melon n.(各种)瓜(8)wrinkle n. 皱纹(9)spear n.矛；枪(10)eyebrow n.眉毛(ll)arrowhead n. 箭头(12)excavate vt.挖掘；发掘(13)craftsmanship n. 技艺； 手艺； 精工细作(14)hammer n, 铁锤；锤子(15)punctuation n,标点符号(16)centimetre n. 厘米第二组：重点单词写其形(1 )tentative adj.试探性的；不确定的(2)acute adj.有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的(3)alternative n.可能的选择adj.供选择的；其他的(4)somehow adv. 以方式；不知怎么地(5 jregardless adv,不管；不顾(6)album n.相册；集邮册；唱片(7)ample adj,足够的；充足的；富裕的(8)scratch n.(刮、抓、戈U的)痕迹；搔；挠vt.搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏(9)dizzy adj.头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人发晕或困惑的(lO)primitive adj.原始的；远古的；简陋的(ll)howl vt.&vi.嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫n.长嚎；嗥叫(12)spit vt.吐出(唾液、食物等)vi.吐痰(13)delete vt.删；删除(14)seashell n.海贝壳(15)pulse vi.强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动机脉搏；节拍(16)category n.种类；类别；范畴(17)arrest vt.逮捕；吸引n.逮捕；拘留(18)kindergarten n. 幼儿园(19)worship vt.&vi.崇拜；敬奉n.崇拜；敬神4 .拓展主题词汇第一组：考古(l)anthropologist n.人类学家(2)human n.人类(3)origin n.起源(4)ruins n.遗迹；废墟(5)remains n.遗迹；遗骸(6)relic n.遗物；遗迹(7)skull n.颅骨 (8)tribe n.部落(9)originate v.起源于 (lO)prehistoric 力.史前的(1 l)heritage n.遗产 (12)preserve v.保护第二组：文化渊源(l)forefather n.祖先；前辈(2)era n.时代(3)ancient。的.古代的 (4)period n.时期(5)civilization .文明(6)dynasty n.朝代(7)emperor n.皇帝(8)slavery n.奴隶制度(9)occupy ”,占用；占领 (10)sacrifice ”牺牲(1 l)aggression n.侵略 (12)revolution n.革命(13)historical。的.与历史有关的(14)historic 4的:有历史意义的(二)主题表达类词汇记牢用对1.活学活用单元词汇(1 identify 确认；识别；鉴另ll -identification".辨认；鉴定-identityn.身份；一致； 同一性(2)archaeology n.考古学f archaeological 6考古学的；与考古学有关的f archaeologist 考古学家(3)starvation n.挨饿；饿死f starve。上挨饿;饿死(4)accuracy n.精确；准确f accurate 力.准确的;精确的f accurately勿勿.准确地;精确 地(5)interrupt式,打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止f interruptionn.打断；打岔；插嘴(6)assume”.假定；设想f assuming.假设f assumption .设想；假定；担任(7)sharpen (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰；削尖一sharp锋利的一sharpener n.磨具； 削具(8)messy a力.凌乱的；脏的f messn.凌乱；脏(9)botanical.植物学的；与植物学有关的f botany植物学(lO)analysis n. 分析f analysesanalyse ”.分析(ll)ripen .使成熟；成熟f必.成熟的(12)significance n.意义；意思；重要性；重要意义f significant 力.重要的(13)systematic M.有系统的；有计划的；有条理的f system几.系统；制度(14)academy n.学院；学会；学术团体；院校f academic ”小学术的(15)receptionist n.接待员；招待员f receive接收；招待f receptionn.接待；接收(16)radioactivity n.放射性f radioactive 矽.放射性的；有辐射能的(17)division n.划分；分割；分配；分界线f divide。.分开；分割；划分(18)applaud况.&".鼓掌欢迎；赞赏f applause n.鼓掌(19)accelerate 山.&".力口速；促进f acceleration n.力口速(20)skilful/,有技巧的；熟练的一更Hl小 技能；技巧一skilled 力.熟练的;有技能的语境活用(l)If you interrupt others， conversation abruptly, you will be to blame for your interruption. (interrupt)(2)Assuming that you are the guide of the foreigners who are to visit our school, how would you prepare for your assumption as the guide? (assume)(3)After the identification of victim，s appearance and age, the police identified the identity of the killer. (identify)(4)While calculating the math problem, you should pay more attention to the accuracy of the numbers, or you can，t figure it out accurately.(accurate)(5)The boy needs a pencil sharpener to sharpen his pencil, because the sharpener he has isn，t sharp, (sharpen)(6)The kid made a mess in the living room, so his mother asked him to clean the messy living room quickly, (mess)(7)With the teacher，s help, I analysed the data of this experiment. The teacher considered my analysis is reasonable, (analyse)(8)The scientists think his invention is of great significance, because it is significant to cure the patients of deadly disease.(significant)(9)The famous professor made an inspiring academic speech in the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, (academy)(10)The candies were divided out among all the kids, but they could not agree upon the division of them.(divide)(1 l)He was received by the host and was given a warm reception.(receive)(12)The audience warmly applauded when the performance came to an end, and the applause lasted for several minutes.(applaud)2,归类串记“同族”词汇(l)v.-ing形式的介词小结assuming假设；假定considering鉴于；考虑到including包含；包括 supposing假设；假如providing假设；如果 concerning关于(2)-ify结尾动词找一找identify确认；鉴别；识别beautify美化；使美丽classify分类 clarify澄清simplify简化 electrify使电气化(3)形容词十 en构成的动词集锦sharpf sharpen(使)锋利 ripef ripen 使成熟©shortshorten 变短；缩短widef widen(使)变宽de叩f de叩en(使)变深 strongf strengthen加强(三)主题常用短语厚积素养5 .单元短语再现(l)at most至多；最多(2)be aware of知道；意识到(3)regardless of 不管；不顾(4)date back .) 追溯到；始于(5)keep out关在门外；不准入内(6)cut up 切碎(7)scare away 把吓跑(8)fed up with受够了；饱受；厌烦(9)with/in relief轻松地；如释重负地(10)look ahead向前看；为将来打算6 .主题短语拓展(l)advanced civilization 先进文明(2)pass down 传递下去(3)make fires 生火(4)cut down 砍倒(5)take place 发生(6)in memory of 2己念(7)in history 在历史上(8)with a long history 有悠久的历史(9)suffer from 遭受；忍受(10)put up修建；张贴；住宿(1 l)defend .against. 防御(12)live in harmony 和谐生活(13)be of significance 有重要意义(14)be in ruins 变成废墟语境活用从以上短语中选择合适的短语填空Last Sunday, our class visited the history museum in our city CDregardless of the hot weather. In the museum, we saw an old stone which was said to be a scraper used by our ancestors. The stone scraper dates back to the Xia Dynasty. It is of signiflcance to our ancestors. When we were told its use, we were aware of our ancestorsJ wisdom. The announcer also explained that the stone scraper could be used to cup up the meat and cut. down the trees.Besides, our ancestors had learned to ©scare the beasts away. However, they were ®fed up with their life, so they had to ©look ahead.(四)主题常用佳句背背增分1 .单元句式仿写(l)Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.句式解读as引导的非限制性定语从句。句式仿写 As is known to all, Chinese people attach great significance to good table manners.(2018全国卷I书面表达)众所周知I,中国人非常重视良好的餐桌礼仪。(2)If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!句式解读if only“要是就好了”。句式仿写 If onlycould go back and reset my goals!要是我能回去重新设定我的目标就好了！(3)Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.句式解读only to do sth.作结果状语，表示意料之外的情况。句 式仿 写 My father telephoned the police station, only to fincLit couldn' gct through.(2018浙江高考写作)我的父亲给警察局打电话，却发现电话打不通。2. 主题佳句背诵(l)To the southwest of Beijing lies Zhoukoudian, where Peking Man are believed to have lived.周口店位于北京的西南，据说那里是北京人曾经生活的地方。(2)Only when the system has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty, unemployment and war.只有废除了这种制度才有可能消除贫困、失业和战争。(3)China，s Great Wall is known to the world as one of the seven great wonders of the world.中国的长城被世人认为是世界七大奇迹之一。(4)In Chinese history, there was a time when China was the strongest and richest country in the world.在中国历史上，曾经有过一段时期中国是世界上最强大和最富裕的国家。(5)Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.到约公元前100年时，丝绸就已成为丝绸之路沿线交易的主要货物之一。(6)Confucius is the pride of the Chinese people for the reason that he was a famous thinker, educator and philosopher in Chinese history.孔子是中国人民的骄傲，因为他是中国历史上一位著名的思想家、教育家和哲学家。/ 互动区能力为主攻,高频考点从深度上挖潜1 . alternative adj.供选择的；其他的机可能的选择；选择对象单句语法填空Thank you for allowing me to describe the situation, where I had no alternative but to give (give) up the plan.Come with us, alternatively (alternative), meet us there.The App asks its users to report accidents and other road conditions in real time, so other users can avoid the traffic jam by using an alternative route.补全句子 Failure is the mother of success. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely andeam from it.失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。归纳法记牢(l)an alternative to的替代物(to 是介词)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事(2)alternatively adv.二者择一地；作为一种选择联想发散“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式：can't do sth. but do sth.can do nothing but do sth.have no choice but to do sth.2 .interrupt vt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止单句语法填空©He was writing a poem when he was interrupted (interrupt) by a knock at the door.(2017全国卷 II) Interruptions (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while you，re trying to get work done.I managed to work for two hours without inteiTuption.©It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.归纳法记牢(l)interrupt .(with sth.) (因某事)打断be interrupted by 被打断(2)interruption n.打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物without interruption 连续地； 不断地3. assume vt.假定；设想(l)assume . to be .咨交定AMI殳是It is assumed that. 一般认为;假定(2)assumption n.假定；假设make an assumption 认为；彳度定on the assumption that. 彳民定(3)assume/assuming (that). 假设/假定演绎法练通单句语法填空Assuming/Assume (assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, what will you do?A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.补全句子It is assumsd that global warming and climate change may cause even more disasters in the future.一般认为全球变暖和气候改变在将来会引起更多的灾难。4. significance n.意义；意思；重要性；重要意义(l)be of significance to . 对有重要意义attach significance to . 认为重要(2)significant adj.重要的；明显的It is significant that. 很明显演绎法练通单句语法填空©In my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance (significant) to the students， growth.There are no significant (significance) differences between the two groups of students.As time going by, I attach more great significance to doing what I am doing now.补全句子It is signi行cant that nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.很明显，今天纤维仍然被认为是健康饮食的一个重要部分。1. regardless of 不管；不顾(l)regardless of 强调”不认为重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可接whether,what引导的从句。(2)despite/in spite of 意为“尽管但是”，其后接名词，不接从句。(3)as regards/with regard to 关于； 至于演绎法练通单句语法填空She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences.补全句子RegardIess ofLwhat happened yesterday and what may or may not happen tomorrow, the present moment is where we are.不管昨天发生了什么，也不管明天可能发生或者不会发生什么，现在才是我们关注的所 在。In spite of/Despite her terrible illness, she worked hard and succeeded in the scientific research field.尽管她病得厉害，但是她还是勤奋工作并在科研领域取得了成功。With regard to reading, there is a saying that there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people，s eyes.关于阅读，有句名言：“一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特！ ”2. date back (to)追溯到；始于date from追溯到；始于；起源于out of date 过时的up to date (with)赶上(的)潮流演绎法练通单句语法填空My interest in stamp collecting dates (date) back to my schooldays.3. ating (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.©Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modem technology.补全句子(4)(2018-北京高考书面表达)Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long historydating back to more than 1,00。years ago.中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。名师指津date back to和date from 一般不用于进行时态；作后置定语时，常用现在分 词。3.if only"要是就好了”教材原句If 9111y she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！用法规则if only用来表达愿望，句中谓语动词要用虚 拟语气。(l)if only .had done表示与过去事实相反的 愿望(2)if only .did表示与现在事实相反的愿望(3)if only .could/would/might do 表示与将 来事实相反的愿望(不用should)注意事项only if是由only后接if条件状语从句构成， only仅起强调作用，意为“只有”，位于句 首时，主句要进行部分倒装。针对训练补全句子It has been raining all week. If only it would clean up soon!整整一周都在下雨，要是很快晴天就好了！If only I had more time to study .要是我有更多的时间来学习就好了。If only I hadn't informed her of the news, she wouldn，t have felt so sad.要是我不告诉她这个消息就好了，她就不会如此伤心了。 Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a low-carbon life can we make a difference.只有我们知道在日常生活中做什么并且过低碳生活，我们才能产生影响。三、素养这样提/科学备考应由“刷题强训”转向“精题细作”(一)在微点盘查中提升语言能力I.单句语法填空It is assumed that stress is mainly caused by too m