人教版(新教材)高中英语选修2Unit5 First Aid优质学案：Learning About Language.docx

Learning About LanguageLearning Aims（学习目标）1. Build up your vocabulary and learn the following language point： 感叹句.（重点难，点）Discover useful structures-The -ing form.（重点难点）目标一核心考点讲练互动What a terrible accident!（教材 P52）感叹句（1）用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。一般用what或how引导。（2）what引导的感叹句：What+a/an+M/. +单数名词（+主+谓）！What+的.+复数名词/不可数名词（+主+谓）！（3）how引导的感叹句110¥ + 44/.+ 3/11+单数名词（+主+谓）！How+adj J adv. （+ 主 + 谓）！How time flies!时光飞逝！K佳句赏读X感悟句意背诵 What an awesome idea John put forward on how to help Bernard!= How awesome an idea John put forward on how to help Bernard!What great progress I have made with the aid of my English teacher!How frightened I was when I saw the fierce bear come back!K完成句子R在冉冉升起的太阳的暖光中团聚时，他们是多么激动和高兴啊！How excited and happy they were when reuniting in the warm light of the rising sun!为了甩掉追赶他的狼，他骑自行车骑得多快呀！How fast he rode his bike so as to get rid of the wolf running after him!现在我面临着多么巨大的挑战呀！What tremendous challenges I am faced with at present!目标二语法结构悟通研透Activity 1读句感悟阅读以下句子，认真感悟加黑局部，并完成方框下的小题1. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.2. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.3. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.4. Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.5. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.6. If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services.以上句子中，句1中的a-ing形式在句中作宾语;句2中的o.-inq形式在句中作主语;句3 中的o.-ine形式在句中作表语;句4中的。,-inq形式在句中作定语;句5中的。.-ing形式在 句中作状语;句6中的o.-iriR形式在句中作宾语补足语。Activity 2语法精析.概念：动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，在句中可作主 语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语等。1 .动词-ing形式的时态和语态：时态语态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done.动词-ing形式的否认式是在前面加not构成。The boy swimming in the lake is from the USA.在湖里游泳的那个男孩来自美国。（一般式的主动语态）The boy being praised by the teacher is from the USA.正在被老师表扬的那个男孩来自美国。（一般式的被动语态）Having flnished his homework, the boy went to the cinema.完成作业后，男孩去看电影了。（完成式的主动语态）Having been told many times, he still made the same silly mistake.尽管被告知屡次，他仍然犯了同样愚蠢的错误。（完成式的被动语态）Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week?这周不上急救培训课，有原因吗？（否认式）一、动词ing形式作主语Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Being blamed for the breakdown of the computer made me quite frustrated. 由于电脑坏掉而受到指责使我非常沮丧。Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences. 被他人喜欢能创造学习和新的生活体验的机会。It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.等别人替你做决定是没用的。 总结：（1）动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。单个的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（3）it代替动词-ing形式作形式主语，常见句式有：It' s a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。It' s no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。It is useless doing sth.做某事没用。It is worthwhile doing sth.做某事是值得的。It is （well） worth doing sth.做某事是（非常）值得的。二、动词ing形式作宾语1.作动词的宾语Would you mind opening the window?你介意翻开窗子吗？I don' t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听广播。He narrowly avoided being killed in the accident.在这次事故中他九死一生。总结：常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：防止错过少延期（avoid, miss, postpone）建议完成多练习（advise/suggest, finish, practise）喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy, imagine, can? t help）成认否认与嫉妒（admit, deny, envy）逃避冒险莫原谅（escape, risk, excuse） 忍受保持不介意（stand, keep, mind） 2 .作动词短语的宾语He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。I am looking forward to being admitted to a key university.我盼望着被一所重点大学录取。 总结：常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on（坚持），object to（反对），be good at（擅长）,be fond of（喜欢），lead to（导致）,put off（推迟）,give up（放弃），look forward to（盼 望），feel like（想要）,devoteto（致力于），get/be used to（习惯于），pay attention to（注意）等。3 .有些动词（短语）后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。Please remember to give my best regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。Don' t forget to post the letter on your way to school.别忘了在上学的路上顺便把这封信寄出去。I shall never forget hearing her singing the song.我永远都不会忘记听她唱这首歌时的情景。总结：有这样用法的动词（短语）见下表：动词宾语的形式意义forgetto do忘记做doing忘记做过rememberto do记着要去做doing记得做过regretto do遗憾/抱歉要做doing后悔做了tryto do尽力做doing尝试做meanto do打算做doing悬味着go onto do接着做（另外件事）doing接着做（同一件事）stopto do停下来去做doing停止做.在有些动词的后面，如：start, begin, continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两 者意义区别不大。They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.他们继续工作，好像什么也没发生过似的。4 .特殊动词The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。His behavior deserved praising. = His behavior deserves to be praised.他的行为值得表扬。The book is well worth reading.这本书非常值得一读。总结：以下动词接动词.ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 需要做某事deserve doing=deserve to be done 值得做某事be well worth doing sth.非常值得做某事三、动词ing形式作表语The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.=Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。总结：动词-ing形式作表语说明主语的性质特征或具体内容。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing 等。 四、动词ing形式作定语.前置定语（放在所修饰的名词前）In summer I often swim in the swimming pool.（表用途）夏天我经常在游泳池游泳。Do you know the swimming boy?（表正在进行的动作）你认识这个正在游泳的男孩吗？总结：动词-ing形式作前置定语表示被修饰词的某种用途或者正在进行的动作。1 .后置定语（放在所修饰的名词后）The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.=The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.正在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。There is much evidence showing that music activities engage different parts of the brain.=There is much evidence which/that shows that music activities engage different parts of the brain.有许多证据说明音乐活动占用大脑的不同局部。The meeting being held now is of great significance.= The meeting which/that is being held now is of great significance.正在举行的会议非常重要。总结：动词-ing形式作后置定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示被修饰词 所进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。五、动词iiig形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。1 .感官动词（短语）T felt somebody standing behind me. 我感觉有人站在我后面。I saw the little boy crying there. 我看到那个小男孩正在那儿哭。 总2吉：see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to+sb. + doing sth.（作 宾补）。2 ,使役动词We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。I won' t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。I won' t let you lie to others.我不会让你对别人撒谎。Be careful, or you' 11 have your hands hurt.留神，否那么你会弄伤手的。总结：have/keep/get/leave sb./sth.+doing sth.使一直做某事have/let/make sb.+do sth. = get sb.to do sth.使某人做某事 have/keep/get/leave/make+sb./sth.done 使被做或处于某种状态3 . with复合结构With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。With my proposal declined, I was in low spirits. 由于我的提议被拒绝，我情绪很低落。With so much work to do, he was nearly in despair.有如此多的工作要做，他几乎绝望了。总结：with +宾语+ doing（表示主动或进行）with +宾语+done（表示被动或完成）with +宾语+ to do（表示将来）六、动词-ing形式作状语When/While she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.= When/While walking in the park, she saw an old friend.=Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.（时间状语）当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。As he was ill, hecouldn' t go to school.=Being ill, he couldn' t go to school.（JM因状语）因为生病了，他不能去上学。If you work hard, you' 11 make great progress.=Working hard, you' 11 make great progress.（条件状语）如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.= Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.（伴随状语）玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。Though they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.=Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.（让步状语）尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated .（意料之中的结果状语）这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。We Chinese eat with chopsticks.=We Chinese eat using chopsticks.（方式状语）我们中国人用筷子吃饭。总结：动词-ing形式在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、 条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况，为表意更明确可在其前加上相应的连词，如when, while, though 等。注意：1 .当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用having done/having been done作状语。Having finished the letter, he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。（having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的） Having been told many times, he couldn' t understand what I meant.尽管已被告知屡次，但他不能理解我的意思。2 .动名词的复合结构Tom' s/His coming home late worries his mother.汤姆/他回家晚使他妈妈担忧。I remember Tom' s/Tom going there.我记得汤姆去过那里。I remember his/him being awarded a prize.我记得他获奖了。总结：动名词的复合结构在句中主要作主语或宾语。作主语时的形式：所有格/形容词性物主代词+doing作宾语时的形式：所有格/形容词性物主代词/代词宾格/名词+doingN达标检测I .完成句子When seeing the fierce wolf, I felt that my throat tightened and my knees became weak. 当看到凶恶的狼时，我感觉我喉咙发紧，膝盖发软。1. I couldn，t help running after the cute rabbit without realizing that I got lost in the wild. 我情不自禁地追赶那只可爱的兔子，没有意识到我在荒野中迷路了。2. Having realized that your time is limited, you' 11 have to study harder for your goals. 既然已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须为了你的目标更加努力学习。3. The outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered with snow. 一切都被雪覆盖着，外面的景色看上去很美。4. Being stuck ic the big pumpkin made me frightened to death. 卡在大南瓜里把我吓得要死。n .语法填空阅读以下短文，并用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。(2020山东高考模拟，读后续写改编)One day, Spotty returned from his daily walk with a broken leg. "Oh, no! ” I let out a loud scream as I saw Spotty limping in with a pained expression on his face.But Spotty seemed to take no notice of me and hid under the bed, with his whole body 6.trembling(tremble) and his eyes full of terror and distrust.lt was so unlike him to react like this that for one moment I was at a loss how to coax him to me,7.Feeling(feel) a little upset and furious, I somehow came 8,holding(hold) a long stick, 9.trying(try) to drive him out.However, before the stick reached him, Spotty suddenly howled and escaped through the door.In the next few days, we searched everywhere for Spotty, but in vain.Later, we learnt that 10,being beaten(beat) by a man made Spotty very frightened.Almost a year later, one midnight we heard Spotty 11 .barking(bark) breathlessly.We rushed out of the house only to see my Spotty 12.1ying(lie) on the doormat, dying.Upon 13.seeing(see) us, Spotty rose awkwardly to his feet, 14.wagging(wag) his tail and his eyes sparkling with excitement.Immediately, I knelt down to hug him and tears began to well up in my eyes uncontrollably.Spotty looked at me licking my cheeks as if to tell me something.And it was at that moment that I realized that 15.having forgiven(forgive) me for what I had done, Spotty returned to me.Unfortunately, Spotty didn, t stay long and he closed his eyes forever the next day.Many years has passed since Spotty left us, but the valuable lesson he taught me will remain in my memory.