种修辞手法的解释和例句（my）.docx

种修辞下去的解释和例句（my ）高及英语中常见种修辞下去的解释和例句.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对上盅种共性存在于邓的,渤不是事物的然属性.标志词常用ike, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如：1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.l wandered lonely as a cloud.3>. Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.1 .Metaphor隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某厚物的名称用斤另厚物，通过上皎形成.例如：1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested, cavern of a room/ a caverous room the room is like a cavern, e.g. a fairyland of dancing flashes In the maze of vaulted streets a mountain of waves a storm of applause A little shrimp of a fellow A hello Kitty of a girl Thread one's way.Metonymy借喻，转喻Tin Pan Alley _the center of pop musicLet the heart to rule the head借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，碓脾一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容，例如：1 >.The kettle boils.渊 了.2>.The room sat silent.全屋侬静地坐着.11 .以资料代替事物的名称，例如： Lend me your ears, please.请听我说. III,以作者代替作品，例如： a complete Shakespeare 莎it亚全集 VI ,以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有比他们就曦的;钱.12 Synecdoche 提喻提喻脚分代替全体，或雇:体代替部分，或特殊代替r殳.例如：1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.（部分代整体）他的傕勺有100名n2>.He is the Newton of this century1特殊代殳）他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐蟠脖与你的帽子艮相配.1.Outside,（there is） a sea of faces.外曲上是顺海洋。（以雄的局部代全体，即以faces表示）eople ）2. Have you any coppers?你有钱吗?（以材料代事物，即以coppe铜喻指coin money铜币） cf. Antonomasia 换称 His majesty; His Excellence ; his Honor the Boss ; He is the Juda, （overlapping with synecdoche ）.Personification 拟人 拟大是把傣赋予甜命的事物.a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sensibility, 3 kinds of personification:1）the use of adjectiveThe thirsty groundNote . may overlapping with transferred epithet2）the use of verbsThe wave danced.3）the use of nounsthe smile of springe.g.The Middle Easter bazaar takes you .dancing flashesThe beam sinks.taut and protesting1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟火匕）2>.l was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟火匕）5 .Hyperbole 夸张 exaggeration夸张是以言寸其实的说法表达强调的郎.它可以加强语势，增加表达效果.Hyperbole: a device of comparison using exaggeration or obvious overstatement for comic or dramatic effect.takes you .hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivableinnumerable lampsincredibly youngwith the dust of centuries:例如：1>.l beg a thousand pardons.2>l Love you. You are th e whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.6 .Parallelism 排比平行这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构人本相同或相似，意思相关,语气致的短语.句曲F列成串，形成一个整体.1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.I see,.see.for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protectorWe shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the airparallelism常repetition与合二>3一,交织运用，以增强修辞效果。以该句为例，We shall fight him属于反复，fffey land, by sea和in the air.本为平行陪构。Any man or state who fights on against Nizidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.Let us learn our lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain.7 .Euphemism委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指媵婉，滩的柱表达粗恶，避讳的话.例如：1>.He is out visiting the necessary.他出去方更坏.2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.他与妻去系不融洽.3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997.（去世）9rony反语反语指用目反意义的词来表达意思的作文式.如在指责过失.错误时，媵同过失的说法，解表扬时厕近乎责难的说法.例如：1>.lt would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.10 .Pun 双关 a paly on words based on similarity of sound and sharp difference in meaning.双关就是肝个词在句并的双重含义，借题发挥.作出多种解释，旁敲侧击，从褥到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的 词形.词意和谐勖承出现.1>.Seven days without water make one weak.2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.3>.lf we don*t hang together, we shall hang separately.4> Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.11 .Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目勺，雁以疑问为谶，取得修辞上的效果，其特点是:肯定问句表示虽烈否定，硝 定问句表示虽烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不葡瑜的.Interrogation asks a question not in order to obtain an answer, but for the purpose of making an assertion in a striking and lively way.e.g .but can you doubt what our policy will be例如：1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?12 .Antithesis对照，对比对偶这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在法对上的用修辞方去.An antithesis is an exact opposite.In rhetoric, an antithesis is two sharply contrasting ideas balanced across a sentence or (neighboring sentences).A use of words or phrases that contrast with each other to create a balanced effect.Antithesis is often combined with balanced structures.Balanced structure: a sentence made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure: a paired construction.a balanced sentence that makes a contrast is called antithesis.例如：1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Rome more.2>.You are staying; I am going.3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.Antithesis + balanced st门区仰同Man proposes, God disposes.Many are called, but few are chosen.It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness.Vords with opposite meanings within one sentencesMy only love sprung from my only hate.13.Oxymoron反意法，逆喻这也是用福修辞法，用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.例如：1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，H音却清晰可见 2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.Living death/freezing fires/glorious defeatClimax渐进法，层进法这种修辞是将掾列词语按照意念的大解重.深浅.舌等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.例如：1>.l am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.14. Anticlimax 渐降法与climax相反的用修辞法，将逐列词语由龙叨油强到弱地排列.例如：1>.0n his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.15. RepetitionWe have but one aim and one single purposenothing will turn us-nothingWe will never parley, we will never negotiate.This is our policy and this is our declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastly to the end19.Onomatopoeia (also spelled onomatop?ia, from Greek:)also called imitative harmony, is a word or a grouping of words that imitates the sound it is describing, such as animal noiseslike“hiss” “buzz" or "meow", or suggesting its source.creak sigh groan squeak rumblegrunt tinkling banging clashing16. Alliterationul see also the dull, drilled, docile”2):with its clanking, heel-clicking.3) “his hearth and home.Transferred epithetTransferred EpVhet(移就).DefinitionTransferred epithet is a figure of speech where an epithet(an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from a noun it should rightly modify to another to which itdoes not really belong.1 .The classification of transferred epithetGroup 1: adj+ 一adj+ §thA knife used by a murderous villain- A murderous knifeThose days when I felt purposeless-those purposeless daysThe big man crashed down on a protesting chair.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two man.招n蜂拥雁，汇成欢笑与欢呼的一圈,把那两幅在中间。Cf. The sailors , laughing and cheering , surrounded the two man in a ring.Groiip2:adJ+ §th -adj+another thingThe white silencethe boundless fields covered with snow was silentHis stories achieved nothing but cheap laughs.Letting that goal in was an expensive mistake. It cost us the championship.Group3: adj+ §th Tadj,+ §bHe is not an easy writer.2 .The characteristics of Transferred EpithetIt relies on the deep structure of the sentence. It is illogical and unreasonable in surface structure but reasonable and just in deep structure.e.g. The thief made a trembling confession of his wrong doing.1 There is a close relationship between the transferred epithet and the modified word.Eg. The big man crashed down on a protesting chair.3Transferred epithet is suitable for the new context.Eg. After several acid years. She broke up with the man.The logic relations between the transferred epithet and modified words.(1 ) Causal relation(因果)Puzzled frown因困惑磁眉Delighted smile 因靓碘笑Terrified despair由于恐惧程到绝望Thoughtful silence 因沉思而默Ignorant nonsense 由于邦1 礴说(2 ) Coordinate or parallel relation(平彳或并列关系)She sat there with embarrassed delight.她坐在那里，即尴尬竭先We listened with smiling attention.我们Ti笑也 注意地听着。(3 ) disjunctive relation (纯修饰关系)Laughing eyes 笑眼Sleepy corner沉静的解A passionate throat 热情的歌喉4. ExerciseIdentify the figures of speech:1 he was handicapped by his age (metaphor)The patient lay all night on his sleepless pillow. (Transferred epithet)2 Religion is thus treated like Lear.(simile)His witty remarks kept the table highly amused.(metonymy)We received another smiling year. Transferred epithet3 The thirsty soil drank in the rain.personificationHe closed his busy life at the age of 80. Transferred epithet