（新教材）2021-2022学年下学期高一期中备考卷-英语.docx

叩归画 - 叫 赭 钝 K 笈 般 X（新教材）2021-2022学年下学期图一期中备考卷英语第I卷（选择题）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选 项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和 阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What's the man's suggestion?A. Keeping the reservation.B. Continuing waiting here.C. Going to another restaurant.2. What will Peter do first?A. Go home.B. Do his homework.C. Buy somecandy.3. What does the woman ask Mike to do?A. Brush his teeth.B. Save water.C. Drink somewater.4. Why does the man seem in low spirits?A. He has been sick this week.B. He missed his favorite movies.C. He got little sleep these days.5. What is the woman worried about?A. The man's health.B. The man's cooking skill.C. The man's safety in Mexico.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）种疫苗的携带者，这种疫苗可以为数百万人免费接种）可知，科学家通过转变它 们的基因将蚊子转化为疫苗的载体。故选A。29. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Now a problem is that no effective vaccine exists.”（现在的问题是没有有效的疫苗存在）可知，C项Ifs more effective.（这是更有效的）不是利用蚊子作为疫苗载体的优势。故选C。30. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句" Another problem is that the genetically-engineered mosquito may still pick up and spread the infected blood of a person who has already caught malaria."（另一个问题是，这种基因改造的蚊子仍 然可能感染并传播已经感染疟疾的人的血液）可知，携带疫苗的蚊子可能仍然传 播疟疾。故选B。31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句"Yoshida's team is hoping it can solve this problem by developing a mosquito species that kills the malaria virus inside its own body. ”（吉田的团队希望通过培育一种能杀死自身体内疟疾病毒的蚊子来解 决这个问题）可知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一种可能的疟疾解决方案。故选 AoDWe already know that salt can lead to heart disease. But could it also affect our mind? Scientists found that a high-salt diet caused cognitive impairments in mice and it could produce the same effect on humans.Costantino ladecola, director of the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research the Institute, said they fed the mice eight to sixteen times their normal salt intake and then tested the mice. After about three months, the mice had a big change in their behavior. Mice are very curious, and they like to look for new things. However, the tested mice lost the ability to identify a normal object. When the mice were put in their cage and asked to find a quiet spot, they did not remember where the quiet spot was. Then when the mice were building a nest, which is something the mice do daily, they, were unable to do so. The research suggested humans would experience a similar response.Studies have shown Australians eat around double the recommended amount of salt each day, most of it coming from processed food. Dr. Ladecola said the estimated two teaspoons of salt the average Australian eats each day could affect the brain function in the long term. However, the decline might not be as obvious as in the mice, who were given extremely high levels of salt. "But probably over years and perhaps decades一as opposed to a few months for the mouse一even lower levels of salt may have a terrible effect J Dr ladecola said.“High levels of salt cause serious immune changes in the organs in and around the stomach, resulting in an almost autoimmune effect on the brain. It is part of a growing body of evidence that we really are what we eat J Bryce Vissel, director of the Centre for Neuroscience at the University of Technology Sydney, said. "Those changes in turn cause all sorts of responses in the body, which over time certainly contribute to cognitive impairments.32. Which can describe the tested mice?A. They remained quiet all day. B. They became smarter than ever.C. They forgot some routine things. D. They were quick at finding objects.33. What do we know about Australians?A. They ignore health advice.B. They have a higher-salt diet.C. They dislike processed food.D. They value their brain health.34. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on?A. Studies carried out by Bryce Vissel.B. Immune changes brought about by salt.C. Effects of daily diets on human behaviors.D. Links between salt intake and brain damage.35. What does the text suggest?A. Brain health counts much.B. The body never tells a lie.C. Low-salt diet is to be advocated. D. Heart diseases can be prevented.【答案】32-35 CBDC【解析】这是一篇说明文。科学家们发现，高盐饮食会导致老鼠的认知障碍， 对人类也会产生同样的影响。文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及发现，研究表 明，澳大利亚人每天摄入的盐大约是推荐量的两倍，其中大部分来自加工食品， 指出高盐饮食会导致认知障碍，提倡低盐饮食。32 .推理判断题。根据第二段中 u However, the tested mice lost the ability to identify a normal object. When the mice were put in their cage and asked to find a quiet spot, they did not remember where the quiet spot was. Then when the mice were building a nest, which is something the mice do daily, they, were unable to do so.（然 而，被测试的老鼠失去了识别正常物体的能力。当老鼠被关进笼子，被要求找一 个安静的地方时，它们不记得安静的地方在哪里。然后，当老鼠在筑巢时一一这 是老鼠每天都要做的事情一一它们无法这样做了）”可推知，被测试的老鼠忘记 了一些日常的事情。故选C。33 .细节理解题。根据第三段中“Studies have shown Australians eat around double the recommended amount of salt each day, most of it coming from processed food. Dr. Ladecola said the estimated two teaspoons of salt the average Australian eats each day could affect the brain function in the long term.（研究表明，澳大利|亚人每天 摄入的盐大约是推荐量的两倍，其中大部分来自加工食品。Ladecola博士说，澳 大利亚人平均每天摄入两茶匙的盐，长期来看可能会影响大脑功能）”可知，澳 大利亚人的饮食含盐量高。故选B。34 .主旨大意题。根据最后一段"High levels of salt cause serious immune changes in the organs in and around the stomach, resulting in an almost autoimmune effect on the brain. It is part of a growing body of evidence that we really are what we eat," Bryce Vissel, director of the Centre for Neuroscience at the University of Technology Sydney, said. "Those changes in turn cause all sorts of responses in the body, which over time certainly contribute to cognitive impairments.”（悉尼科技大学 神经科学中心主任Bryce Vissel说:“高浓度的盐会导致胃内外器官严重的免疫变 化，几乎会对大脑产生自身免疫效应。有越来越多的证据表明，吃什么决定人的 性格，这是其中的一部分。这些变化反过来会引起身体的各种反应，久而久之肯 定会导致认知障碍可知，最后一段主要讲了盐摄入和脑损伤之间的联系。 故选Do35 .推理判断题。根据第一段中 uScientists found that a high-salt diet caused cognitive impairments in mice» and it could produce the same effect on humans.（科 学家们发现，高盐饮食会导致老鼠的认知障碍，对人类也会产生同样的影响）” 结合文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及发现，研究表明，澳大利亚人每天摄入 的盐大约是推荐量的两倍，其中大部分来自加工食品，指出高盐饮食会导致认知 障碍，提倡低盐饮食。可推知，文章提倡低盐饮食。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。For most of us, stress is a reality and learning how to deal with it is very important in our growth. After all, stress goes hand in hand with change, and our life is all about change.36 We all behave a bit differently according to different types of stress.Here are some helpful tips to help you.Eat right. Research shows snack foods are the worst things to have when you're stressed. Besides, they are not the best way to keep healthy.37Get moving. Most of our everyday stress is related to school, work, or a host of emotional issues.38 When we're under a lot of stress, our bodies can develop alot of muscle tension. Regular exercise can help you relax and feel better.39 Essays won't write themselves, and good grades require hard work. Don't think much about the bad things. Give yourself credit where you can improve yourself. Stress is a clear sign of worry, but it doesn't mean your situation is hopeless.Speak up. The breakup of your favorite rock band isn't the end of the world, but sometimes life does throw some real problems at you. But don't let the stress eat you up.40If you're feeling seriously depressed and unable to keep up with schooland life, speak to a family member or your doctor.A. Stay positive.B. Talk to a trusted friend.C. People could not think clearly when under stress.D. The older a person is, the more stressed he feels.E. There's simply no way to get rid of stress completely.F. However, a bit of physical activity can help us work it off.G. Sure, everyone likes a little comfort food, but you511 need a balanced diet.【答案】36-40 EGFAB【解析】本文是一篇说明文。压力是自然而来的，学会掌控它很重要。本文 主要列举了一些处理压力的建议。36 .根据后文“We all behave a bit differently according to different types of stress. Here are some helpful tips to help you.（面对不同类型的压力，我们的表现也 会有所不同。这里有一些有用的建议可以帮助你）”可知，后文提到了不同类型 的压力，可知本句是在指出存在压力的问题，E选项中stress对应后文中stress。 故E选项“没有办法完全摆脱压力”符合语境，故选E。37 .根据上文 uEat right. Research shows snack foods are the worst things to have when you're stressed. Besides, they are not the best way to keep healthy.（正确的 饮食。研究表明，当你感到压力时，零食是最糟糕的东西。止匕外，它们不是保持 健康的最好方法）”可知，本段主要是关于正确的饮食问题，本句为本段最后一 句，应承接上文继续说明正确饮食的重要性，G选项中food对应上文中foodso 故G选项“当然，每个人都喜欢一些安慰性的食物，但是你需要一个平衡的饮 食”符合语境，故选G。38 .根据上文“Get moving. Most of our everyday stress is related to school, work, or a host of emotional issues.（动起来。我们每天的压力大多与学校、工作或 一系列情绪问题有关）”以及后文 “When we're under a lot of stress, our bodies can develop a lot of muscle tension. Regular exercise can help you relax and feel better.（当我们承受很大压力时，我们的身体会产生很大的肌肉紧张。有规律的运 动可以帮助你放松和感觉更好）”可知，上文提到了产生压力的原因，后文则说 明了运动的好处，可知本句与上文构成转折，说明体育活动的好处。F项中的 "physical activityv对上文“Get moving”相对应。故F选项“然而，一些体育 活动可以帮助我们消除疲劳”符合语境，故选F。39 .根据后文 “Essays won't write themselves, and good grades require hard work. Don't think much about the bad things. Give yourself credit where you can improve yourself. Stress is a clear sign of worry, but it doesn't mean your situation is hopeless.（论文不会自己写好，好成绩需要努力。不要想太多不好的事情。在你可 以提升自己的地方，要给自己肯定。压力是担心的明显标志，但这并不意味着你 的情况是没有希望的）”可知，本段的中心内容是不要想太多不好的事情，即保 持乐观，故A选项“保持乐观”符合语境，故选A。40 .根据上文“Speak up. The breakup of your favorite rock band isn't the end of the world, but sometimes life does throw some real problems at you. But don't let the stress eat you up.（说出来。你最喜欢的摇滚乐队解散并不是世界末日，但有时生 活确实会给你带来一些真正的问题。但是不要让压力吞噬了你）”以及后文“If you're feeling seriously depressed and unable to keep up with school and life, speak to a family member or your doctor.（如果你感到非常沮丧，无法跟上学校和生活的 节奏，告诉你的家人或你的医生）”可知，上文提到不要让压力吞噬自己，后文 则提到告诉家人和医生，可推测本句是在建议和他人交谈来缓解压力。B选项中 Talk to对应后文中speak to。故B选项"和值得信赖的朋友交谈”符合语境，故 选B。第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。When you measure the distance between towns on foot, walk to places that you thought could only be reached by car and it will change your mind.I live in the suburb north of San Francisco, and 41 is considered the maintransportation for most people here. I still remember how 42 I was when I firstlearned to drive. While driving with music gently 43 my heart, I was filled withjoy. However, as time went by, that excitement44. I feared driving, and feltworried and upset. Everyone seems to be in my way especially when I am in a 45, One night, a deer ran out from the dark, knocked against my moving car, and46 across the street. I didn't dare to get out of my car to see her. Crying onthe 47, I hated my car.When I joined the 21-day mindful walking 48, I began to walk with amind. During the walking days, I smiled at every stranger 49 by me. I walkedto the streets that I 50 would not pass through and 51 a tiny free library on the sidewalk. I began to 52 if I had really lived in this town all these years.It's a completely 53 town that I know so little about!1 felt deeply 54 for the walking challenge. Maybe I will set foot on farlands again, yet I know 55 is right here and right now.41. A. walking42. A. anxious43. A. attacking44. A. went down45. A. mess46. A. came47. A. wheelB. drivingB. surprisedB. hittingB. spread outB. wayB. jumpedB. carpet48. A. organizationB. challenge49. A. standing50. A. obviously51. A. discovered52. A. comment53. A. special54. A. grateful55. A. fortuneB. judgingB. actuallyB. builtB. questionB. romanticB.hungryB. wonderC. flyingC. excitedC. recoveringC. fell apartC. hurryC. landedC. streetC. scheduleC. passingC. normallyC. decoratedC. argueC. quietC. sorryC. concernD. bikingD.readyD. comfortingD. took overD.cornerD. ranD. shelterD. competitionD. droppingD. formallyD. rentedD. checkD. newD. doubtfulD. pressure【答案】41-45 BCDAC 46-50 CABCC 51-55 ABDAB【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章对照汽车交通工具，讲述了作者参加步行挑战的经历和收获。41 .考查动名词词义辨析。句意：我住在旧金山北部的郊区，开车被认为是 这里大多数人的主要交通工具。A. walking步行；B. driving开车；C. flying飞行； D. biking 骑自行车。根据后文 “I still remember how 42I was when I firstlearned to drive.n 以及 While driving with music gently n 可知，此处指“开车 故选B项。42 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我第一次学开车时是多么的兴奋。A. anxious 焦虑的;B. surprised 吃惊的；C. excited 激动的;D. ready 准备好的。 根据常识及后文“I was filled with joy”可知，作者第一次学开车时是“兴奋的”。 故选C项。43 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：开车的时候，音乐轻轻抚慰着我的心，我满 心欢喜。A. attacking 攻击;B. hitting 撞击;C. recovering 恢复；D. comforting 安 慰。根据后文“I was filled with joy”可知，开车时，听着音乐，非常开心，所以 是“抚慰着”作者的心。故选D项。44 .考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，随着时间的流逝，那种兴奋感减 弱了。A. went down 下降，减弱；B. spread out 展开；C. fell apart 破裂，摔碎； D. took over 接管。根据常识及后文 “I feared driving, and felt worried and upset.” 可知，作者的兴奋感下降了。故选A项。45 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人似乎都在妨碍我（挡着我的路），尤 其是在我赶时间的时候。A. mess混乱；B. way路；C. hurry匆忙；D. corner拐 角。根据常识及前文“Everyone seems to be in my way”和 "especially”可知， 越是在“匆忙赶路”的时候，越感觉别人在挡着自己的路。故选C项。46 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，一只鹿从黑暗中跑出来，撞在我 正在行驶的汽车上，然后跌落在了马路对面。A. came到来；B. jumped跳跃； C. landed 跌落；D. ran 跑。根据常识及前文 “knocked against my moving car”和 后文“across the street”可知，那只被汽车撞的鹿跌落在马路对面。故选C项。47 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：在方向盘上哭泣，我讨厌我的车。A. wheel 轮子，方向盘；B. carpet地毯；C. street街道；D. shelter庇护所。因为作者开着 车，根据前文“I didn't dare to get out of my car to see her.”可知，作者不敢下车， 所以趴在方向盘上哭泣。故选A项。48 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我加入21天正念行走挑战时，我开始用 意念行走。A. organization 组织;B. challenge 挑战；C. schedule 日程安排；D. competition 比赛。根据后文 “I felt deeply54 for the walking challenge.v 可知，作者认为这是一种挑战。故选B项。49 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在行走的日子里，我对每一个从我身边经过 的陌生人微笑。A. standing 站立;B. judging 判断；C. passing 路过；D. dropping 落下。根据常识及前文“During the walking days”可知，作者在行走中，对身边 经过的人微笑。故选C项。50 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：我走到我通常不会经过的街道上，发现人行 道上有一个小小的免费图书馆。A. obviously明显地；B. actually实际上；C. normally 通常地；D. formally 正式地。根据前文 When you measure the distance between towns on foot, walk to places that you thought could only be reached by car and it will change your mind.”可知，原来以为只有汽车才能到达，所以指“通常” 不会经过的街道。故选C项。51 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走到我通常不会经过的街道上，发现人行 道上有一个小小的免费图书馆。A. discovered发现；B. built建造；C. decorated 装饰；D. rented 租用。根据常识及前文“I walked to the streets that I 50 wouldnot pass through”可知，作者步行走在街道上，才会“发现”人行道上的图书馆。 故选A项。52 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始怀疑这些年来我是否真的住在这个小 镇上。A. comment 评论；B. question 怀疑，质疑；C. argue 争论；D. check 检查。 基于前文的分析，根据后文 “It's a completely 53 town that I know so littleabout!”可知，作者没有来过这些街道，对自己居住的城镇了解甚少，所以怀疑 自己这些年是不是住在这个城镇上。故选B项。53 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那是一个完全陌生（新的）的城市，我对 它所知甚少！ A. special特别的;B. romantic浪漫的;C. quiet安静的；D. new新 的。根据后文“town that I know so little about”可知，作者对这个城镇知之甚少， 感觉是“全新的”。故选D项。54 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对步行挑战深感感激。A. grateful感激 的；B. hungry饥饿的；C.sorry遗憾的；D. doubtful怀疑的。基于前文的分析可 知，因为步行挑战让作者注意到许多以前没有注意的东西，作者深表感激。故选 A项。55 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许我会再次踏上遥远的土地，但我知道奇 迹就在此时此地。A. fortune财富；B. wonder奇迹；C.concern关注；D. pressure 压力。基于前文的分析可知，因为步行挑战让作者注意到许多以前没有注意的东西，所以作者感觉到此时此地就有自己以前没有注意到的“奇迹”。故选B项。第n卷(非选择题)第二部分英语知识运用第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Environmental problems are significant in many people's minds, but it's 56 younger generation who is particularly concerned about the future of ourplanet. From global school strikes for climate change action 57 teen activists(积极分子)，kids are now taking it into their own hands.58(inspire) this love for the earth, a new law that