词句猜测题--重点练--备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版).docx

备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破技能2词义猜测题解题指导素养提升题型特点词义猜测题是历年高考必考题型。常见的考查形式有：猜测某个词、短语或句子的含义；推断某 个常见的多义词或短语在具体语境下的意思；判断文中的某个代词指代的对象；解释英语中特定的表 达（谚语、俚语等）。正确选项特征.相应词语的同义词语。1 .对相应语句、语块的解释、复述或概括。干扰选项特征.对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。1 .半对半错。2 .曲解原意。常见的设问方式有：Which of the following has the closest meaning to".”？Which of the following can replace the word".？What does the underlined word/phrase/expression'.,?refer to/mean?Who doest4.nrefer to in the text?典例剖析规律技巧1:根据上下文逻辑猜测。要特别注意需猜测词义的词句前后出现的表示因果、转折、对比或递进 等逻辑关系的词语。真题典例1 （2021 新高考I C篇节选）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with anastonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part ofhelps authors visualize, plan and weave （编织）together the various elements-such as characters, plots, themes and key events. Mr. Green says that many novelists begin their work with merely a general idea of a plot or a particular character. With Lynit he says that the process of adding to this initial idea is simplified.Experts, however, still caution against being overdependent on technologies aimed at helping writers."Technology can also be distracting （令人分心的）,particularly if you're one step away from social media, or jumping down a research hole J says Melissa Haveman, a writer and author coach. "A quick five minutes can sometimes lead to hours of lost writing time. Authors can sometimes fall into the trap of trying everything in the hope that it will be the magic piece, which really just turns into another distraction.Yet Michael Green says he believes technology will become even more outstanding as a new generation of writers becomes more outstanding. "What I'm finding with the Generation Z and even younger writers is that they're looking for technology to give them guidance,he says, “They see it as a tool to learn and grow with, rather than extra work.16.16.What does the underlined word “refined" in the first paragraph mean?A.Improved.B.Concluded.C.Formatted.D.Exchanged.17.A.Helping authors develop ideas.B.Solving complicated problems.C.Recording all his documents.D.Simplifying authors9 initial ideas.What inspired Michael Green to create Lynit?18.What does Melissa Haveman think of "technology"?A. It helps one become more social.B. It is necessary for researches.C. It is time-and-attention consuming.D. It leads to the authors? disappointment.19. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. Lynita New Platform for Writers.B. Michael Green-A Pioneer in Technology.C. Technology-Wherever It Leads the World.D. TechnologyA New Tool for Generation Z.these resources.Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.29.What does the underlined wordccdecimatenmean in the first paragraph?选项出处A. Acquire.原文未提B. Export.原文未提C. Destroy.一段句D. Distribute.原文未提路径一从问（题干）的角度解答一一如何得出正解 第1步：题干的关键信息为decimate和the first paragraph。根据理解原文的三大方法，我们回到原文一段 句。该句提到，不幸的是，探险者和随后而来的殖民者仅用了几十年时间，就将这些资源中的一大部分 decimate.o由本句尚无法得知decimate一词的意思，但由句首的Unfortunately（不幸的是）一词可知，本句与 上句之间应为转折关系，故需联系上文。第2步：一段句指出，美洲原住民妥善地保护着这些珍贵的自然资源。由于句与句应形成转折，因 此，句中的decimate的释义应与句中的had taken care of（保护）的释义相反。备选项中Destroy（破坏）代 人后符合语意，且能够与句中的had taken care of形成对照。C项是对原文的合理推断，同时可排除A、B、 D三项。第3步：已由第2步得出正确答案，因此，第3步省略。规律技巧2：根据上下文线索，如打比方、举例子、作比较、下定义等猜测。真题典例2 （202L3月天津C篇节选）The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise.As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform,! saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him,just as our lizard had.Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them.But they had to live with who they were after everything was different.Just like us.I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.43.The underlined partCleaving behind the layef'in Paragraph 8 can be understood as. 选项出处A.letting go of the pastB.looking for a new jobC.getting rid of a bad habitA.letting go of the pastB.looking for a new jobC.getting rid of a bad habit八段末句八段句原文未提D.giving up an opportunity原文未提路径一从问（题干）的角度解答如何得出正解第1步：题干的关键信息为leaving behind the layer和Paragraphso根据理解原文的三大方法，我们可以定 位到第八段第2句。该句提到，当作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，看到他离开了不再为他服务 的那层（球衣），就像我们的蜥蜴一样。据此可初步得知作者用蜥蜴蜕皮来比喻乔丹退役，但还无法完全确认 答案。第2步：浏览上下文，尤其是首尾句可知此处应是作者看到乔丹放下过去，A项符合语境。第3步：已由第2步得出正确答案，因此，第3步省略。规律技巧3：根据语境判断代词（this,that,it,they,one,which等）或助动词（do,does,did等）的指代对象。仔细分析 指代词上下文（就近原则），找最近的名词、短语或句子，以之替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑是否通顺， 再比对选项确定最佳答案。真题典例3 （2020.新高考I C篇节选）In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.lt is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam,his translators lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his hosts in Tashkent,and a string of foreign aid workers.9. What does the underlined word u that"in paragraph 2 refer to?选项出处A. Developing a serious mental disease.一段句B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.原文未提C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.一段句D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.一段句路径一从问（题干）的角度解答一一如何得出正解 第1步：题干的关键信息为that和Paragraph2。根据理解原文的三大方法，我们可以定位到第2段。根据画 线词所在句无法得知that的指代对象。第2步：根据就近原则，that通常指代上文的事物或现象。浏览上文，根据第一段句可知，出于对乌兹别 克斯坦这个国家的兴趣，他回到了这里，目的是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。所以画线词that指代 上文中提到的“写文章”这件事，故选D项。第3步：已由第2步得出正确答案，因此，第3步省略。路径二从答（选项）的角度解答一如何反向印证，排除干扰项A答案：第1步：根据本项关键词mental disease可定位到第一段句：Tom Bissell因为身体状况令人堪忧和神志不 清不得不离开（乌兹别克斯坦）。第2步：画线词上下文提到：这一次的造访可不只是那A么简单，他做的其实更多。因为Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia这本书讲述的是他从塔什干到卡拉帕尔克斯坦的公路旅 行这与”发展成严重的精神疾病”逻辑不通，故排除。第3步：略B答案本项讲述内容无法在原文中获取定位，且原文并未提及Tom Bissell在中亚做导游，故排除。C答案第1步：根据本项关键词volunteer可定位到第一段句：提到Tom Bissell作为志愿者在乌兹别克斯坦教英 语。此时无法确定that是指代“做志愿者”。第2步：联系下文，七个月后离开了，出于对C这个国家的兴趣，几年后Tom回到了这里，打算写一篇关 于咸海是如何消失的文章，所以判断此次造访的收获与“做志愿者”相去甚远，故排除。第3步：略D答案第1步：根据本项关键词write an article可定位到第一段句：提到Tom第二次来到乌兹别克斯坦的目的是 要写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。第2、3步：联系下文以及本文主旨可知，实际上Tom回到乌兹别克斯坦远不止写一篇文章，他写了一本书 叙述其在该国旅行中的见闻，并对这本书进行了简要介绍，所以画线词that指代上文提到的“写文章”， 故选D项限时训练应用体验Passage 1 （2021全国高考真题）I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs thathave ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.Fve got two children-the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. T wasn*t worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they*d get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up "tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.1. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?A. To ensure their survival.B. To observe their differences.C. To teach them life skills.D. To let them play with his kids.2. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief9 mean in paragraph 3?A.Behave badly.B. Lose their way.C.Sleep soundly.D. Miss their mom.3. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?A.Boring.B. Tiring.C.Costly.D. Risky.4. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?A. They frightened the children.B. They became difficult to contain.C. They annoyed the neighbours.D. They started fighting each other.Passage 2 （2021北京高考真题）Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published lastDecember: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario（情景）this century”.A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the "ecological fdotprinf, concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, "it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,“ Johnson said in an email.“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits J the December warning letter says, "can we have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,Man is a victim o f dope （麻醉品）In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着）on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.5. As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is.A.worriedB.puzzledD. scaredD. scaredC. surprised6. What can we learn from this passage?A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.D. The global collapse is well underway.Passage 3（2021全国高考真题）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl （水 禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act （Act）, an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory （ 迁徙的）waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. "Ding" Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.7. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?A. Loss of wetlands.B. Popularity of water sports.C. Pollution of rivers.D. Arrival of other wild animals.8. What does the underlined word “decimate" mean in the first paragraph?B. Export.A. Acquire.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.9. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A.Thestamp price has gone down.B.The migratory birds have flown away.C.Thehunters have stopped hunting.D.The government has collected money.10. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.TheFederal Duck Stamp StoryB.The National Wildlife Refuge SystemC.TheBenefits of Saving WaterfowlD.The History of Migratory Bird HuntingPassage 4（2021福建泉州模拟预测）People today are not unfamiliar with term such as “going eco-friendly" and "sustainable lifestyle11. However, there exists a group of sceptics （怀疑论者） who believe that going eco-friendly is merely a fad （时的风尚）.I disagree with this viewpoint, Going eco-friendly is not merely a fad and it does, in fact, change the beliefs and attitudes of people.The long-term presence of environmental organisations shows the efforts that people have made towards going eco-friendl