中考英语复习备考：阅读理解之推理判断题解析.docx

中考英语复习备考：阅读理解之推理判断题解析推理判断题是中考英语阅读理解的一个重要题型，属于深层次理解 类试题，主要考查学生根据信息做出正确推理判断的逻辑思维能 力。解此题型有一定的难度，这种题型通常不能直接从文中找出答案， 而是要求学生在阅读整体语篇，理解原文外表文字信息的基础上，做 出一定的推理和判断。推理判断题主要分为隐含意义推断题、主旨大意推断题、作者写作 意图推断题、推断题、读者对象或身份推断题。一、隐含意义推断题这类试题要求学生根据文章的某个句子、段落或者全文所提供的事 实进行逻辑推理，推断作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能 发生的事实。(1) 见的设问形式) What can we infer / know from the passage?(2) It can be inferred / concluded / seen from the passage that .(3) We can conclude that .标志性词语：infer, conclude, suggest, imply2.解题方法与技巧(1 )推断隐含意义，要注意细节，在读懂文章字面意思的基础上， 结合语境从字里行间捕捉有用的信息。(2)全面分析所有相关信息、，不能断章取义、以偏概全。(3)要忠实于原文，不能用自己的观点代替作者的本意。(4)要善于揣摩作者意图，悟出作者的暗含之意。例题:(2021 辽宁丹东)This is an example of discovery learning or hands-on learning.People remember things better when they learn them by doing. Here is an example. How will you learn to play football ?“Hands-on learning” is probably a kind of .A. learning methodB. learning resultC. learning planD. learning activity【解析】此题是隐含意义的推理判断题。根据"This is an example of discovery learning or hands-on learning.句中的细节词 “example” 以及上文托尼和乔治例子可以推断(由于文字过多，举例中略过，原 文包含)，"Hands-on learning"应该是一种学习方法。应选A。二、主旨大意推断题这类试题要求学生根据整体语篇或主要细节，推断文章的主旨大意。(1) 见的设问形式(2) ) Whafs the main idea of this passage ?(3) What does the passage mainly tell us?(4) The writer means to tell us that .标志性词语： main idea, is mainly about2.解题方法与技巧(1 )抓住关键词或者细节，推断主旨大意在一些记叙文中，可能没有包含明确的主题句，中心思想多隐藏在 具体细节中，作者通过多个关键词或细节词对一个中心进行说明。这时我们要捉住反复出现的、与主题有关的名词、动词等关键词或者细 节，来推断主旨大意。(2) 注意段落主题句，归纳文章大意段落主题句通常是段落的首句或尾句，可以介绍段落的主题或用来 控制段落中句子讨论的内容。读懂段落的主题句，可以快速高效地归 纳文章大意。例题：(2021辽宁朝 H日)In China, a host usually serves a visiting guest a cup of tea first when he enters his house. It is a traditional custom in China. But do you know how to serve a cup of tea to a visiting guest? Well, in different places, the ways of serving tea are different.The passage is mainly about.A. the ways of serving tea in ChinaB. the different kinds of tea in ChinaC. the ways of drinking tea in ChinaD. the reasons of serving tea in China【解析】根据文章第一段末尾的主题句“Well, in different places, the ways of serving tea are different.”可知，本文主要讲述了不同的泡茶 方式。应选A。此题主旨大意推断的句子位于篇章开头第一段。三、作者写作意图推断题这类试题要求学生根据文章内容推断作者的写作目的和意图。(1) 见的设问形式(2) ) The writer's purpose of writing this passage is to .(3) Whafs the writer's purpose of writing this article ?(4) In writing the passage, the author intends to .(5) The writer of the passage mainly wants to tell us .标志性词语：purpose, intend to, want, show(6) 题方法与技巧(1)主旨推断法：根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图。(2)文体推断法：根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作意图。 不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的。故事类记叙文是娱乐读者或者使读者感受到某种情感;人物类记叙 文通过介绍人物，表达作者的敬佩或赞扬之情等；广告类应用文是为了 推销产品或服务；议论文可以阐述作者的某个观点或者是让读者得到某 种启示和教育；科普类说明文主要是介绍物品使用或告知读者一些科学 知识。例题：(2021 辽宁阜新)If you want to get healthy or stay healthy, there is one easy activity for youwalking.You may think that simply taking a walk is not enough to make a big difference. You may think that you need to do something like running to stay healthy. Well, a new study says that is not true. It finds out that walking may be as good for us as running.What is the writer's purpose of writing this passage ?A. To tell people that they shouldn't walk more.B. To tell people that walking is a waste of time.C. To tell people they should walk more.D. To tell people that they don't need to run anymore.【解析】题干中的标志词“the writer's purpose”显示,此题是作者写作意图推 理判 断题。根据 “If you want to get healthy or stay healthy, there is one easy activity for you-walking.如果你想变得健康或保持健康，对 你来说有一种简单的活动散步。”可知，应选C。四、推断题这类试题要求学生根据文章内容和形式推断所选文章的出处。(1) 见的设问形式) Where does the passage probably come from ?(2) Where is the passage probably taken from ?(3) The passage is most likely a part of .(4) The passage would most likely be found in .标志性词语：be taken from, a part of, come from(5) 题方法与技巧(1 )网站：文章中会出现click, online, web, website或者 具体网址等。(2)广告、报纸和杂志：根据内容和格式，比拟容易识别。(3)产品说明：文章中会有产品的名称或操作方式。(4)药品说明：文中会有服用的时间、次数、药量等。(5)展览手册：文中会有展览会的各方面信息。例题：（2021 辽宁抚 M页、本溪、辽阳）Boys and girls, have a look and see if you are interested in the amazing events.（下面是关于 Yangzhou Horticultural Expo, Tianwen 1 Probe, Universal Beijing Resort和Dubai World Expo的图片及介绍，具体内容略。）You can probably find the passages from a .A. newspaperB. story bookC. movie posterD. car magazine【解析】根据题干可知，此题是推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文 主要写了 4件令人惊奇的事情：扬州园艺博览会、“天问一号”探测器、 北京环球影城和迪拜世博会。比拟4个备选答案，我们最有可能在报 纸上读到该文章。应选A。五、读者对象或身份推断题这类试题要求学生推断这篇文章是写给谁读的或者文章的作者是什 么身份、职业等。(1) 见的设问形式(2) ) Who are the intended reader of the passage?(3) Who is the passage written for?(4) Who probably wrote the letter?标志性词语：writer, author, the intended reader2.解题方法与技巧(1 )根据文章细节和内容进行推断。(2)根据作者的措辞和语气进行推断。例题：(2021 可可南 A 卷)All you have to do is to create your own stories. The competition is only open to the students in Grand Middle School. Please write a story in at least 300 words. Pictures are not necessary but stories with creative pictures will get extra （额夕卜的） points.Who is the text written for?A. Students.B. Teachers.C. Parents.D. Artists.【解析】此题是读者对象推理判断题。根据“The competition is only open to the students in Grand Middle School.”可知，此次活动是面向学生的。 应选A。要做好推理判断题，关键要从整体上把握文章内容，分析语篇特征， 寻找解题依据，在领会全文的基础上，将语篇的外表意义与隐含意义、 信息与未知信息等联系起来，体会作者的言外之意，做出正确的 推理和判断。