初中英语五种简单句详解.doc
初中英语语法五大基本句型英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。句子成分口诀：主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。定语必居主宾前，谓前为装谓后补。状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。句型一：主语+不和物动词不和物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念， 不需要宾语和补语， 但有时可有副词， 介词短语等状语修饰语。e.g. The rain stopped .The old man walks in the park .句型一的扩展：1.主语+不和物动词+状语e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)2.There +不和物动词+主语e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .There comes the bus .3. 主语+不和物动词+ 动词不定式e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)特别提醒动词stop 可用作不和物动词，也可用作和物动词。作不和物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作和物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。e.g. They stopped taking a rest .句型二 ：主语+系动词+表语系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。e.g. My sister is a nurse .I feel quite hungry .The ball is under the desk .句型三：主语+和物动词+宾语和物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。e.g. We are learning English .Do you know him ?Your radio needs repairing .She hopes to see her uncle.句型四：主语+和物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语有些和物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.Give me the book, please.特别提醒A. 在此句型中， 通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .Give the book to me , please .直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。e.g. I handed it to our teacher .不能说：I handed our teacher it .C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.句型五：主语+和物动词+宾语+宾语补足语和物动词本身需要一个宾语外， 还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.The news made us sad.She saw the thief steal into the shop .The teacher asked me to answer the question .I found the man stealing the money .I found my money stolen .特别提醒A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式， 则省掉"to",但变为被动语态时， 则要带"to".e.g. We hear her sing next door.She is heard to sing next door .C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。e.g. They saw him steal the old man's money.He was seen to steal the old man's money4 / 4
