公开课---完形填空.ppt

完形填空解题指导完形填空解题指导为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多较多?1.没有严格遵循答题步骤没有严格遵循答题步骤: 多数同学考试时担心时间紧多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到达到15-16分钟分钟. 切记切记:一定要用一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读分钟时间进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.2. 不注意积累答题技巧不注意积累答题技巧: a. 忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系; b. 遇到长句不注意分析句子结构遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择气的心理随意作出选择.1.了解完形填空的命题特点和文体类型。2.掌握完形填空的解题步骤和技巧。3.夹叙夹议型完型填空训练 学习目标：学习目标： 考纲解读考纲解读 完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力语言的能力。 完型填空的测试目的并不是语篇中的单项填完型填空的测试目的并不是语篇中的单项填空，也不仅仅是在语篇中考查语法，而是考查空，也不仅仅是在语篇中考查语法，而是考查语语篇意义的连贯性和运用语言的准确性篇意义的连贯性和运用语言的准确性，以及我们，以及我们对上下文的精细理解和缜密的逻辑判断能力，只对上下文的精细理解和缜密的逻辑判断能力，只有在吃透文章意思的基础上，才能准确地推断出有在吃透文章意思的基础上，才能准确地推断出每一空格的准确信息每一空格的准确信息. 近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越越淡化语法结构淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰重在文意的干扰，即把具体，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个选项在语法和结构上都分析，或许所给的四个选项在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。 因此，因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择正确答案过上下文的语境来选择正确答案是解决这类题是解决这类题的的关键。关键。 考纲解读考纲解读1. 以叙为主以叙为主, 叙议结合叙议结合;2. 篇章短小篇章短小, 意义完整意义完整;3. 首句完整首句完整, 主题明确主题明确;4. 结构清晰结构清晰, 层次分明层次分明;5. 考查语境考查语境, 侧重辨析侧重辨析;6. 实词为主实词为主, 虚词为辅虚词为辅;7. 逻辑推理逻辑推理, 隐于语篇隐于语篇;8. 常识语法常识语法, 每年出现。每年出现。命题特点命题特点如何做好完形填空题如何做好完形填空题?如何在这一题型上拿如何在这一题型上拿高分高分?w正确的答题步骤正确的答题步骤w 适当的答题技巧适当的答题技巧w 适量的实践训练适量的实践训练正确的答题步骤正确的答题步骤:1. 浏览全文浏览全文,掌握文章的中心及脉络掌握文章的中心及脉络; a. 应用阅读技能应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读进行缺词阅读. b. 注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句.2. 分段落实分段落实,逐个填空逐个填空; a. 先填上固定搭配与习惯表达先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易的空基本句型等较容易的空格格. b. 对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力争突力争突破难点破难点.3. 通读全文通读全文,检查核对检查核对.解题技巧解题技巧1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择选择有提示作用的词或句有提示作用的词或句(同义词或反义词同义词或反义词)2. 注意固定搭配注意固定搭配3. 注意同义词的辨义注意同义词的辨义4.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词根据动作的发出者确定所选的词5.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项7. 利用语法知识选出正确选项利用语法知识选出正确选项8. 排除意思不符的选项，大胆选上不懂的单排除意思不符的选项，大胆选上不懂的单 词或短语词或短语命题分析命题分析完形填空在选材上主要以完形填空在选材上主要以记叙文、夹叙夹议型记叙文、夹叙夹议型的文章为主，的文章为主，伴之以伴之以说明文和议论文说明文和议论文。所选材料源于生活，时代感强，语言地。所选材料源于生活，时代感强，语言地道，内容健康，情节丰富，寓意深刻，常涉及人物的心理活动描道，内容健康，情节丰富，寓意深刻，常涉及人物的心理活动描写，集知识、文化、教育和娱乐为一体，具有极强的可读性。词写，集知识、文化、教育和娱乐为一体，具有极强的可读性。词数大多在数大多在250250300300，难度低于阅读理解部分的文段。，难度低于阅读理解部分的文段。1.1.记叙文型记叙文型完形填空完形填空2.2.夹叙夹议型夹叙夹议型完形填空完形填空3.3.议论文型议论文型完形填空完形填空4.4.说明文型说明文型完形填空完形填空 夹叙夹议的文章夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空题中最有难度的，也是最是高考完形填空题中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点： 1.事例事例观点观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。的真理。 2.2.观点观点事例事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。 3.3.观点观点事例事例观点观点。提出一种观点或看法，然后用。提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。 专题导读专题导读 解题时要做到：解题时要做到： 1. 读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。完形填空的首句一般不设空，。完形填空的首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，它暗示或告诉读者下文将会是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，它暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确的利用首句信息对于把握文章大意是极其重要和有效说什么。正确的利用首句信息对于把握文章大意是极其重要和有效的。的。 2. 感受文体风格，领会作者意图感受文体风格，领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确把握作者的思想情感。述某件事情，就能正确把握作者的思想情感。013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【北京卷年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【北京卷】 A Leap（跳跃）to HonorLeaping on a narrow balance beam（平衡木） is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it. To perfect her skills, Lola 36 for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls.Thats especially impressive. 37 she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and cant 38 how far away things are. When she was little, her mom 39 that even though she couldnt see 40 , she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the 41 right away and gymnastics became her favorite.Though learning gymnastics has been more 42 for her than for some of her tournaments, she has never quit. She doesnt let her 43 stop her from doing anything that she wants to.She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest 44 is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees to beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes she even closes her eyes. “You have to 45 your mind that itll take you where you want to go.” says Lola.To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is probably the most 46 for anyone because its four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didnt fall 47 the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10- her highest score yet.Lola doesnt want to be 48 differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges dont know about her vision 49 . She doesnt tell them, because she doesnt think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her 50 attitude. Lola never thinks about 51 . She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 52 is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what shes learned to other kids 53 she grew up.Lola is 54 of all her hard work and success. She says its helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics, too. Her 55 for others is “just believe yourself”.36. A. runsB. teachesC. trains D. dances37. A. sinceB. unlessC. after D. though38. A. tellB. guess C. assumeD. predict39. A. suspected B rememberedC. imaginedD. noticed40. A. deeplyB. well C. aheadD. closely41. A. taskB. sport C. event D. show42. A. boringB. enjoyableC. differentD. unsatisfactory43. A. talentB. qualityC. natureD. condition44. A. doubtB. advantageC. challengeD. program45. A. examineB. expressC. open D. trust46. A. fearfulB. harmfulC. unfair D. inconvenient47. A. to B. on C. off D. against48. A. greetedB. treatedC. servedD. paid49. A. painsB. stressesC. injuriesD. problems50. A. positiveB. friendlyC. flexibleD. caution51. A. defending B. quittingC. winningD. bargaining52. A. standardB. range C. view D. goal53. A. untilB. as C. when D. before54. A. proudB. tired C. ashamedD. confident55. A. planB. adviceC. rewardD. responsibility定文体抓主旨定文体抓主旨： 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。通过讲述有关患有视力障碍的13岁体操运动员Lola Walter挑战平衡木的故事，阐明“believe in yourself”的主题。本篇难度：中等。篇章结构篇章结构：段落关键词大意推测第一部分（para.1）not easy; an expert at.导入故事背景，介绍主人公Lola Walter：平衡木不容易，但Lola Walter是一个专家第二部分（para.2-4）finish seventh; impressive; legally blind; a rare condition; Lola Walter排名第七，令人印象深刻，因为她患有视力障碍（一种罕见的状况）第三部分（para.5-9）fearless; favorite; never quit; determination; use her sense of touch; brave; got.her highest score; doesnt want.differently; to reach level 9; a coach Lola Walter不畏惧，对体操的热爱、永不放弃、坚定（运用触觉训练）、勇敢使她得到了她的最高分；她不想与他人不同；她想达到体操九级，成为一名教练。Lola Walter克服视力上的困难，获得成功的故事及她的未来目标。第三部分（para.10）overcome problems; believe in yourselfLola Walter 有关克服困难的建议相信自己2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【山东卷年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【山东卷】 I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people 36 I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a 37 person. I think my 38 started when I was at Palomar College. At first, I just wanted to get my 39 and be left alone. I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever 40 to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really 41 . It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. So tried a(n) 42 . I started asking people around me how they were doing, and if they were having trouble I 43 to help. That was really a big 44 for me. By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of 45 are still my best friends today. A bigger cause of my new 46 , however, came when I took a part-time job at a Vista Nursing Home. One old lady there who had Alzheimers disease became my 47 . Every time I came into her room, she was so 48 because she thought I was her daughter. Her real daughter never 49 her, so I took her place. She let me 50 that making others feel good make me feel good, too, when she died, I was 51 , but I was very grateful to her. I think I am a much 52 person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not 53 these experiences. They have 54 me to care about other people more than about myself. I 55 who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago. 36. A. since B. before C. or D. unless37. A. famousB. simpleC. different D. skilled 38. A. education B. careerC. tour D. change39. A. balanceB. homeworkC. degree D. interest 40. A. talked B. wrote C. lied D. reported 41. A. carefulB. lonely C. curiousD. guilty 42. A. argument B. game C. experiment D. defence43. A. dared B. offered C. hesitated D. happened 44. A. dream B. problemC. duty D. step 45. A. us B. which C. them D. whom46. A. attitude B. hobby C. hope D. luck 47. A. friendB. partnerC. guide D. guest 48. A. politeB. happy C. strange D. confident 49. A. bothered B. answered C. visited D. trusted 50. A. explainB. guess C. declareD. see51. A. homelessB. heartbrokenC. bad-tempered D. hopeless 52. A. quieterB. busier C. better D. richer53. A. forget B. face C. improve D. analyze 54. A. forced B. preferred C. ordered D. taught55. A. missB. like C. wonder D. expect 定文体抓主旨定文体抓主旨： 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过自己从一个以自我为中心的没有朋友的人转变到关心他人，帮助他人，与人相处和谐的过程，说明做一个对别人有益有帮助的人是幸福的，成功的。文章首尾两段都点出文章主旨大意。本篇难度：中等。篇章结构篇章结构 段落关键词大意推测第一部分(para.1）used to be a very self-centered person，changed, happy最近两年我变了，开始为别人着想了，我很高兴。是什么促使了转变呢？第二部分para.2-3）be left alone，everyone but me had made friends and was having fun，started asking people around me how they were doing，had several new friends大学时不与人说话，没有朋友。后来开始改变，并慢慢的有了朋友。态度转变的另一个重要原因是在敬老院做兼职时，与一个老人成朋友，帮助老人，代替她的女儿，最终自己也得到快乐。第三部分(para.4）care about other people more than about myself很高兴自己的改变，喜欢现在的自己，愿意帮助别人。2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【天津卷年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【天津卷】 As I held my fathers hands one night, I couldnt help but notice their calluses(老茧) and roughness. His hinds tell the story of his life as a 16 . including all his struggles. One summer. I remember, a drought（旱灾）hit Ontario, turning it into a 17 desert. On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet com with my dad to fill the last 18 from the grocery store. Fifty dozen was all we needed, which 19 took twenty minutes. That morning, however, the process didnt 20 quickly. After forty minutes of aimlessly walking in the field, we 21 needed twenty dozen. I was completely frustrated and 22 . Dropping the basket heavily, I declared, If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves! Dad 23 . Just think, my little girl, only ten dozen left for each of us and then were 24 .” such is Dad whether problem he 25 , he never gives up. 16 , the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our country. It was a challenging time for everyone, 27 Dad remained optimistic. He 28 to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plates. Only then did I truly begin to 29 Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times. Dad is also a living example of real 30 . From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to 31 our family. He always puts our happiness 32 his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 33 his exhaustion after long days. His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and 34 , putting others first Dad, the life 35 I have learned from you will stay with me forever. You are my father, teacher, friend and, most importantly, my hero.16. A. teacher B. gardener C. farmer D. grocer17. A. stormy B. lively C. disappearing D. burning18. A. order B. form C. gap D. position19. A. repeatedly B. normally C. finally D. really20. A. go B. begin C. occur D. change21. A. yet B. still C. even D. nearly22. A. surprised B. nervousC. angry D. frightened23. A. apologized B. cried C. complained D. laughed24. A. lost B. done C. gone D. touched25. A. meets with B. brings upC. works out D. thinks about26. A. Thankfully B. HopefullyC. Unfortunately D. Strangely27. A. or B. for C. so D. but28. A. happened B. seemedC. continued D. aimed29. A. face B. appreciateC. examine D. question30. A. love B. pride C. friendship D. honesty31. A. support B. settle C. start D. impress32. A. after B. beforeC. beside D. under33. A. in spite of B. in terms ofC. in control of D. in place of34. A. careful B. regretfulC. considerate D. humorous35. A. history B. mottoC. patterns D. lessons 定文体抓主旨定文体抓主旨： 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者包含感情地描述了记忆中跟爸爸在一起度过的时光，爸爸对待生活的乐观态度，对待子女的无私的奉献和爱跃然纸上，让作者，让读者感慨无限。本篇难度：中等。篇章结构篇章结构：段落关键词大意推测第一部分（para.1）fathers hands; calluses and roughness; the story of his life 父亲的手满是老茧很粗糙；农民的一生，辛苦奋斗的一生第二部分para.2-4picking sweet corn; frustrated; laughed; never gives up; optimistic; through the hard times; real love在田里摘玉米，很泄气；父亲笑，不言放弃；乐观向上；带领我们走过艰难岁月；对家人无私的奉献和爱第三部分（para.5）life lessons; father, teacher, friend and hero从父亲那里学到的很多，将伴随自己一生；是父亲，是老师，是朋友，更是自己心目中的英雄。2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【四川卷年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【四川卷】 “Look, its Baldy!” A boy shouted in my direction across the playground. Even though I was used to regular insults (侮辱) because of the 11 on my head, it was 12 horrible to hear. I sighed as I was headed back to the class. When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious 13 after a bowl full hot oil fell on my head. I was 14 to hospital and had to stay there for weeks while the doctors 15 to save my life. “Hollys very 16 to be alive,” they told Mum and Dad. “But shell be 17 with scars on her head, and of course her hair wont grow there.” As a child, I cared much about my scars, so I 18 wore a scarf to cover them up when I left home. 19 I didnt, people would call me horrible names like Baldy. Although my friends were always comforting me, they never 20 understood how it felt. Then through the hospital I was 21 to a childrens burns camp, where children like me can get any help. There, I 22 14-year-old Stephanie, whose burns are a lot more serious than mine. But she is so 23 that she never lets anyone put her down. “You shouldnt 24 what people say about what you look like because were not different from anyone else, Holly,” she 25 me. “And you dont need to wear a scarf because you look great 26 it!” For the first time in my life I could speak to someone whod been through something 27 . So weeks later, at my 13th birthday party, 28 by her bravery, I gave up my scarf and showed off my scars. It felt amazing not having to 29 away behind my scarf.Now, I am 30 of what I look like and much happier, because I have realized it is your personality (个性) that decides who you truly are. 11. A. hat B. scarf C. scars D. cuts12. A. still B. just C. never D. seldom13. A. hunger B. cold C. defeats D. burns14. A. rushed B. led C. invited D. forced15. A. learned B. fought C. returned D. decided16. A. happy B. lucky C. lonely D. poor17. A. pressed B. occupied C. left D. painted18. A. possibly B. usually C. finally D. nearly19. A. Although B. Since C. If D. Before20. A. correctly B. roughly C. easily D. really21. A. promoted B. introduced C. reported D. carried22. A. met B. recognized C. remembered D. caught23. A. honest B. stron