2014年高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件45：英语句子概论.ppt

45英语句子概论nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词She came/ My head aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 主语补语主语补语(表语）表语）She is happy主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There +beThere is a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语（谓语）（谓语） 方式方式 地点地点 时间时间Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.名词性从句名词性从句 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.什么叫名词性从句什么叫名词性从句？种类主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句What kind of noun clauses they are?1.What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict. 2. They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly. 3. The schools of the futures will probably be different from what they are today. subjective clause objective clauseobjective clauseWhat kind of noun clauses they are?4. We cannot be sure whether our dreams will come true, but we can at least be hopeful that. 5. If we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store. 6. The discussion topic for today is what school will be like in the future. objective clauseobjective clausespredicative clause 考点考点1. 1. 考查名词性从句的语序考查名词性从句的语序考点考点2. 2. 考查引导词考查引导词thatthat与与whatwhat的区别的区别 考点考点3. 3. 考查考查it it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的 用法用法 考点考点4. 4. 考查考查whetherwhether与与if if的区别的区别 考点考点5. 5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever+ever引导的名词性引导的名词性 从句与从句与no matter+no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 考点考点6. 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气考查名词性从句的虚拟语气考点考点7. 7. 考查同位语从句及其隔离现象；考查同位语从句及其隔离现象；同位语从句与定同位语从句与定 语从句的区别语从句的区别 考点考点8. 8. 考查名词性从句的时态考查名词性从句的时态考点考点9. 9. 与其他知识点交叉考查与其他知识点交叉考查考点考点10.10.名词性从句的固定结构名词性从句的固定结构1.The photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited语序问题语序问题 3.He asked_for a violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 4. I couldnt understand _ with me. A.the matter was what B.what the matter was C.what was the matter D.that was the matter结论：结论：名词性从句应选用名词性从句应选用陈述句陈述句语序。语序。关联词引导名词性从句的连接词有：引导名词性从句的连接词有： 1. 连接代词连接代词: who, whose, whom, what, which (+n.), whatever 等等 2. 连接副词连接副词: when, where, why, how ,whenever, how much等等 3. 连词连词: that, whether, if, as if, because 等等Analysis1. Who will go there is not important.( 主语从句主语从句 )连接代词在从句中作主语连接代词在从句中作主语2. What we need is more time.( 主语从句主语从句 )连接代词在从句中作宾语连接代词在从句中作宾语总结：总结： 连接代词在从句中作连接代词在从句中作主主语语,宾语宾语,表语表语。3. When they will start has not been decided yet.( 主语从句主语从句 )连接副词在从句中作状语连接副词在从句中作状语4. How she became a great scientist is known to all.( 主语从句主语从句 )连接副词在从句中作状语连接副词在从句中作状语总结：总结： 连接副词在从句中作连接副词在从句中作时间，时间，地点地点，方式方式，原因等状语原因等状语。5. Whether she will come (or not ) is still a question.( 主语从句主语从句 )连词在句中仅仅起连接的作用，连词在句中仅仅起连接的作用，在从句中不充当成分。在从句中不充当成分。6. That he was chosen monitor made us very happy.( 主语从句主语从句 )连词连词that在句中仅仅起连接的作在句中仅仅起连接的作用，在从句中不但不充当成分，用，在从句中不但不充当成分，而且没有实际的语意。而且没有实际的语意。Compare & distinguish1. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.( 同位语从句同位语从句 )连词连词that 在从句中不充当成分。在从句中不充当成分。2. The state that consists of three countries is developing very fast.( 定语从句定语从句 )关系代词关系代词that 在从句中充当主在从句中充当主要成分，有时可以换为要成分，有时可以换为 which。Subject Clauses 主语从句主语从句主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1). That he will succeed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not known .3) What he said is not true .4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed .7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet. 名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的连接词主语从句（一般位于句首）主语从句（一般位于句首）1.连词 that (无词义,不作成分,不能省略); whether(是否),不用if. That he will come and help us is certain. Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意注意: : 已确定的事由已确定的事由 that that 引导引导; ; 没决定的事由没决定的事由 whether whether 引导引导. . 3.连接副词连接副词when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等等.When the test will be given is not yet decided.How much we can spend must be agreed on.2. 连接代词连接代词 what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever 等等.What he is has nothing to do with you.Whose ticket this is has not been found out.1._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What;what B. What ;that C. That;that D. That;what 考点一考点一:主语从句后置主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作形式主作形式主语语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例:That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 在口语中，用在口语中，用it做形式主语时，主语从句的做形式主语时，主语从句的that可以省略。可以省略。It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.另外，另外，wh-疑问词引导的主语从句，可以放在句首疑问词引导的主语从句，可以放在句首(第一组第一组)，也可以借助形式主语，也可以借助形式主语it(第二组第二组)。第一组：第一组：When hell be back depends much on the weather.How it was done was a mystery.Whether well succeed remains to be seen.第二组：第二组：It is uncertain whether the game will be held.Its a puzzle how life began.It doesnt matter much where we live.Is it known where he went？ It 做形式主语的主要结构：做形式主语的主要结构： 1). It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 2). Its said/ reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道 3). Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布 4). It seems/appears/happens. that显然、明显然、明显、显、 碰巧碰巧. 5). Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 6). Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众众所周知）所周知） / a common saying.（俗话说）（俗话说）that1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用主句的谓语动词用 单数形式单数形式. That they will come is certain.2.由由who, whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视主引导的主语从句的单复数要视主句中的单复数而定句中的单复数而定. Whoever say that are to be punished. Who he is doesnt concern me.3.What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定的单复数决定. What he wants are these books. What he wants is some water.考点二：主语从句的主谓一致考点二：主语从句的主谓一致!4.两个以上的从句做主语时，谓语动词要用复两个以上的从句做主语时，谓语动词要用复数，但是如果这两个从句同指一人一事，谓语动数，但是如果这两个从句同指一人一事，谓语动词用单数。词用单数。 What he said and where you will do are none of my business. Where and when the building will be built hasnt been decided.考点二：主语从句的主谓一致考点二：主语从句的主谓一致!注注 意：意：1. What you left are only several old books.2. What you said is of great importance.3. What he says and does doesnt concern me.4. What he says and does dont agree.“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。引导。主语从句的主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 1）常与其后的名词作表语一致）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。）根据句子的语境而定。1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.a.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to c. What; belonging to d. It; belonging to4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have7._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where8. It is none of your business_other people think about you. Believe yourself. A. how B. what C. which D. when9. _ is not a dream that we can travel abroad easily. A. What B. As C. That D. It 11. _ stole the MP3 player is still a complete mystery. A. Who B. ThatC. HowD. Whom12. It wasnt until nearly a month later_ I received the managers reply . Asince Bwhen Cas Dthat 13. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C Whatever D. Whichever 14. _makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever