延续性动词与短暂性动词讲解与练习.docx

短暂性动词，延续性动词与现在完成时 姓名：_ 短暂性动词（终止性动词），是指动作一旦发生就很快就结束。它不能与一段时间连用。这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用。但是，在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 延续性动词 是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：live, work, study, learn, sleep等，延续性动词可以与表示一段的时间状语连用。值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词how long ，in the past+时间段，all these+时间段，fromto（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如：1. 这位老人已经死了十年了。 The old man has died for ten years.（× ）（die“死”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用） The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.（）（diebe dead，die是短暂性动词，表示死的动作，这个动作很快就结束了，变成了表示状态的be dead，dead是die 的形容词，表示死了的状态，可以延续）2.我买了这块手表五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years.（× ）（buy“买”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用）I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. （）（buyhave，buy这个动作在付完钱已经结束了，买完后是拥有have的状态，have可以延续）3.我离开家乡已十年了。 I have left hometown for 10 years.（×）（leave“离开”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用） I have been away from hometown for 10 years.（）（leavebe away，leave这个动作在走了的时候已经结束了，走了以后，是我不在这里的状态，be away表示不在，离开的状态，可以延续）但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。 如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：buy / get have, borrow keep，have die be dead finish be over,Close be closed leave be away （from）open be open marrybe married fall asleep be asleep fall (get) illbe illgo out be out get up be upput on wear/be on Move tolive in come/go/become be go to schoolbe in school/be a student begin/start be on begin to studystudyGet to know know wake/wake up be awake Lose/die/sell/leave be gone catch/get a cold have a coldjoin /take part in be in/be a member of come/arrive/reach/get tobe in return to/come back to/go back tobe back(to)come(arrive,reach,get) here/go (arrive,reach,get) therebe here (there)练习：一、找出下列句子中的短暂性动词与对应句子中的延续性动词。例：He died 10 years ago. / He has been dead for 10 years. diebe dead1. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. /He has kept the book for 2 weeks._2.He bought the bike a month ago. /He has had the bike for a month. _3.He arrived here last year./He has been here since last year. _4. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. /The light has been on for 2 hours. _5. He left here 2 years ago. /He has been away from here for 2 years. _6. The film began 30 minutes ago. /The film has been on for 30 minutes._7.They opened the door an hour ago. /The door has been open for an hour. _8. They closed the door an hour ago. /The door has been closed for an hour. _二、选择题。( )1.Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died( )2.It's six weeks _ I met you last. A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. For( )3.His father _ the Party since 1978 .A.joined B. has joined C.was in .D.has been in( )4.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made( )5.Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . Began( )6.It _ ten years since he left the army. . is . has . will . Was( )7.His uncle_for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the city( )8.How long has Robert _? Since 2004. A. been in Beijing B. become a policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school ( )9.His father_the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in( )10.-How long have you _ the library book ?-For about two weeks . A. borrow B. borrowed C. are borrowing D. kept( )11.-How long has he_ this car? -For two years. A. buy B. bought C. had D. buys( )12.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away( )13The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened( )14. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become( )15. You mustn't _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be leftD. have left( )16.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been overD. ended( )17.7. Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taughtD. taught( )18.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became( )19.I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returnedD. am returned( )20. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been deadD. did, died( )21. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept( )22.-How long _ you _ ill? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been D. have, had( )23.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away fromD. Left( )24.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take D. took( )25.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has beenD. is( )26.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on( )27.He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up D. is up( )28. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had( )29.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away( )30. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept( )31. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been( )32. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C.when I was 2. D. my age was 6.二.句型转换：写出下列句子的同义句。例如. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999. Mr. Li has taught English in this school since 1999.2. The factory opened ten years ago. The factory _ _ _ for ten years.3. John left Beijing three years ago. John_ _ _ _ Beijing _ three years.4. His company opened in 2003. His company _ _ _ since 2003.5. My father bought the car half a year ago.My father _ _ the car _ half a year.6. We got to know each other for about 15 years. We _ _ each other _ about 15 years.7. The film began ten minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for ten minutes.8. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. I _ _ this book for two weeks.9. My father came back the day before yesterday. My father has _ _ for two days.10.My uncle bought the new car two months ago. My uncle has_ the new car _two months ago.三.在句子中划出错误，并在横线上写出修改答案,句子的就打“”。1. How long have you begun to study English? _ 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. _3. The river has become very dirty since last August. _4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. _5. He has gone out for two years. _6.He hasnt left his hometown for 30years. _第 12 页