初中英语动词不定式.ppt

现在学习的是第1页，共20页动词形式基本分类（除去时态）动词形式基本分类（除去时态）动词原形：动词原形：do 如：如：swim动词不定式：动词不定式：to do 如：如：to swim 动词动词ing形式：形式：doing 如：如：swimming现在学习的是第2页，共20页不定式的结构：不定式的结构： to + do (动词原形动词原形)He plans go to Jinan for a holiday.to 注：注： to只是一个符号，起结构作用，无任何实际意义只是一个符号，起结构作用，无任何实际意义现在学习的是第3页，共20页 He told me not to close the door. He asked me not to close the door.不定式的句式：不定式的句式： He told me to close the door. He asked me to close the door. not+to+do肯定式：肯定式： to do tell sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. tell sb. not to do sth.ask sb. not to do sth.否定式否定式：现在学习的是第4页，共20页不定式的特点：不定式的特点： She wanted to be a teacher. We decide to give some money to the poor.1) 动词不定式在句子中不能做谓语动词不定式在句子中不能做谓语2) 没有人称、数、时态的变化。没有人称、数、时态的变化。现在学习的是第5页，共20页不定式的句法功能：不定式的句法功能： 动词不定式短语具有动词不定式短语具有名词、名词、形容词和形容词和副词副词等的功能等的功能, 可在句中可在句中用做多种句子成分。用做多种句子成分。 主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补 现在学习的是第6页，共20页 句子的基本结构句子的基本结构: To learn English is easy. To get up early is important . 返回主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+状语。状语。主语主语: : 主语过长，头重脚轻主语过长，头重脚轻现在学习的是第7页，共20页主语过长，头重脚轻。用主语过长，头重脚轻。用itit代替其做形式主语代替其做形式主语。常见句型：常见句型： Its + adj+ to do sth. 学英语很容易。学英语很容易。 早起是重要的。早起是重要的。对我们来说学英语很容易。对我们来说学英语很容易。 对他来说早起是重要的。对他来说早起是重要的。以前还学过类似的句子：以前还学过类似的句子： Its very kind of you to help me. Its nice of him to take care of his young brother.Its easy to learn English. Its important to get up early. Its easy _to learn English. Its important _to get up early. 句型句型：Its + adj+ of sb. to do sth.如果说对某人来说做什么事是怎样的怎么办？也就是需要体现如果说对某人来说做什么事是怎样的怎么办？也就是需要体现这些行为的逻辑主语，那怎么办？这些行为的逻辑主语，那怎么办？for us for him 句型：句型：Its + adj+ for sb. to do sth.形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语现在学习的是第8页，共20页区别：区别： Its + adj+ for sb. to do sth. Its + adj+ of sb. to do sth.注注: for形容词修饰的是动作；形容词修饰的是动作；of形容的是人：形容的是人： Its foolish _ you to ask such silly questions. Its important _ me to learn maths well. Its polite _ you to knock on the door before you come in.for of of现在学习的是第9页，共20页宾宾 语语 I would like to see your photos. Kevin planned to visit his uncle. 特殊特殊( (一）：一）： 类似词类似词: : want, agree, hope, decide, agree, start, begin, love, like, hate, prefer等。等。注意：注意： 斜体既可以斜体既可以to do 也可以也可以doing , ,但区别不大但区别不大 like doing指经常性动作，指经常性动作， like to do指一次性的动作指一次性的动作 I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now 我喜欢游泳我喜欢游泳, 但我现在不想游。但我现在不想游。现在学习的是第10页，共20页宾宾 语语特殊（二）：特殊（二）：stop, forget, remember,等词或短语后面可以接等词或短语后面可以接to do 与与doing,但意思大不相但意思大不相同。同。 stop to do sth. :停下来去做另一件事停下来去做另一件事 stop doing ：停止正在做的事情：停止正在做的事情 forget to do:忘了去做某事忘了去做某事 forget doing sth.: 忘记做过某事忘记做过某事 remember to do sth.:记着要做某事记着要做某事 remember doing sth.: 记着已做了某事记着已做了某事 When the teacher came in, the students stopped_；when he came out, the students stopped _ (talk)talkingto talk现在学习的是第11页，共20页现在学习的是第12页，共20页 宾语补足语宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to： tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, warn, wish, help, get, wish, 等词后面常接不定式作宾补。等词后面常接不定式作宾补。 例例: I asked a friend to read it to me I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(feel, listen to, hear, make, let, have, notice, see, watch, find, help等等)后不带后不带to 的不定式作宾补。如：的不定式作宾补。如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 返回现在学习的是第13页，共20页表表 语语主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 His wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the environment. 判断：判断： My work is _(teach) in this school now. I _ (teach) in this school now.返回 这些行为不是这些行为不是wishwish、dutyduty发出的，而这些行为的发出发出的，而这些行为的发出 者只能是人，所以不能用进行时这种结构。者只能是人，所以不能用进行时这种结构。to teacham teaching His wish is becoming a scientist Our duty is protecting the environment. 现在学习的是第14页，共20页定语定语 动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词的后面。、代词的后面。 例例: He is the first person to sail around the world. I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 返回 Have you got some pens to write with？ 特殊情况特殊情况: : 如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, , 且动词是不及物动且动词是不及物动词词, , 切记不要忘掉后面的介词。切记不要忘掉后面的介词。 I have a small bedroom to live in 现在学习的是第15页，共20页 作状语作状语 a.a.目的状语目的状语: : 放在放在go, come, use, live, in order等词后面等词后面.如：如： I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.b. b. 原因状语原因状语: : 放在放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed， excited等词后面。如：等词后面。如： I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble youc. c. 作结果状语作结果状语。如。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 特殊情况：特殊情况：too to She is too young to look after herself. 返回现在学习的是第16页，共20页“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”用法用法 不式前可带不式前可带what，who，which，where, when, how, whose, 等疑问等疑问词词, 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例例: He didnt tell me where to go. （直宾）（直宾） I dont know what to say now.（宾语）（宾语） I dont know what to do next. （宾语）（宾语） He taught us how to use the computer(宾补）宾补） Its still a question how to get there(主语主语) 返回现在学习的是第17页，共20页练习：练习： 1. Its time for us _ (have) supper 2. Would you like _ (go) shopping with me？ 3. It took us half an hour _ (work) out the problem 4. He is old enough _ (join) the army 5. I feel it strange _ (have) a twin sister 6. I am very glad _ (meet) you here 7. We saw them_ (come) into the room just now 8. What he said made me_ (feel) sorry 9. I am sorryI forgot_ (tell) you the news 10. His plan is _ (spend) a few days in the mountains 11. Have you got anything _ (say)? 12. Have you decided which one _ (choose)? 13. He is too weak _ (carry) the big stone 现在学习的是第18页，共20页动词形式基本分类（除去时态）：原形、动词形式基本分类（除去时态）：原形、to doto do、 doingdoing不定式的结构：不定式的结构：to doto do不定式的句式：肯定及否定句式不定式的句式：肯定及否定句式不定式的特点：无人称、数、时态变化；不能作谓语不定式的特点：无人称、数、时态变化；不能作谓语不定式的句法功能：主语不定式的句法功能：主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补 小结小结：现在学习的是第19页，共20页感谢大家观看现在学习的是第20页，共20页