2022年Unit1人教版八年级英语下册语法与知识点 .pdf

Unit 1 第一部分： Grammar 一、情态动词（Modal Verbs）情态动词 should 意为“应该，应当” ，必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告，而且表述的是自己的主观看法。1.should 的句式结构句式结构例句肯定句主语 +should+do They should eat a balaced diet. 他们应该平衡饮食。否定句主语 +should not +do They shouldn t eat too much. 他们不该吃得太多。一般疑问句-Should + 主语+do+ ? -yes, 主语 +should. -No, 主语 +shouldn t. -It s too cold. Should I close the window? 太冷了，我该关上窗户吗？-Yes, you _./No, you _. 是的，你应该。/ 不，你不应该。2.should 的用法用法例句表示劝告、建议You _ answer the question in English. 你应该用英语回答这个问题。表示推测They _ be at home now, I think. 我认为，他们现在应该在家。表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等How _ I know it? 我怎么知道这间事情呢？注意： should 在以 why，who，how 等疑问词开头的问句中，意为“竟然，居然，怎么会”，表示意外、惊喜或在说话人看来是不可思议的。二、其他表示建议的句型用法例句Shall we/I + do+ ? Shall we _ for a walk? 咱们去散步好吗？What/How about+doing/sth ? What about _ swimming? 去游泳怎么样？Lets + do ? Let s _ and _ them.咱们去看看他们吧。Youd/We d better (not) + do ? We _ _ wait a little longer. 我们最好再稍等一会儿。Why don t you + do ? Why don t you _ a walk outside? 为什么不出去散步呢？Why not + do ? Why _ _ a walk outside? 为什么不出去散步呢？三、反身代词表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格形式，词尾加self 或 selves 组成。反身代词可译“本人”、 “本身”，名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 为加强语气，也常翻译为“亲自”、 “自己”。不定人称代词one-oneself. 1、反身代词的分类数、人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself yourself Himself,herself,itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 2、反身代词的用法用法说明例句作动词的宾语常用于 enjoy,teach,hurt,buy, introduce,dress,help, look after, get dressed 作宾语He is teaching _ English. 他在自学英语。We enjoyed _ last night. 昨天晚上我们玩得很开心。做介词的宾语常 用 于 in,on,with,of,after,by作宾语She lives by _ in the countryside. 她一个人生活在乡下。做同位语强调作用、加强语气Did you make the cake _? 这蛋糕是你亲自做的嘛？Mr. Black _ is a lawyer. 布莱克先生本人就是一名律师。做表语强调“自己”Just be _.做你自己就好了。Mary hasn t quite been _ recently.玛丽最近有些不对劲。第二部分：单词用法Section A 1.Whats the matter? 怎么了？该句常用询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了什么麻烦，其后用with 引出对象。1). What s the matter with sb.? =whats wrong with sb.? =whats the trouble/problem with sb.? =whats ones trouble/problem? e.g. Whats the matter with Tom?=what s _ with Tom? =What s the _ with Tom?=What s Tom s _? 2). matter, 名词， “问题，事情”e.g. We have important _(matter) to discuss. 我们有些重要的问题要讨论。3). 动词，“要紧，关系重大”e.g. It dosen t _ that you came late. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 2.I have a cold.我感冒了。1).have/get/catch a cold “ 感冒，着凉 ”The old man _ a cold yesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。2). “ have +a/an +疾病名称 ” 意为“得了 .病”have a fever, have a cough,have a headache3.I have a sore back.我背痛。“I have a sore + 身体部位”意为“ 痛”辨析 sore 和 ache sore 形容词，意为“疼痛的；酸痛的” 用于身体部位名词前sore feet sore leg sore throat ache 名词，构成复合词headache; stomachache 4.lie down and and rest. 1).lie 的不同含义及词性变化单词词性词义现在分词过去式过去分词lie 动词躺；平躺lying lay Lain lie 动词说谎lying lied Lied lie 名词谎言无无无Katy _ (lie) on the bed and read the letter last night.凯蒂昨晚躺在床上看书。He _(lie) to me about the result. 对于结果他对我说了谎。2). rest 动词，“休息，放松”May him rest in peace. have/take a rest 休息，放松 =rest 5.You need to take breaks away from the computer. take breaks = take/have a break 休息We are _ a break under the tree. 我们正在树下休息。6.Yeah ，I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.是的，我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。1). In the same way:以同样的方式，以相同的方式She worked out the math problem in the same way. 2).without 为介词，意为“无，没有，不”You can t buy things _ money! 你没有钱就买不了东西。He left without _ anything. 他什么都没有说就离开了。7. When the driver saw an old man lying on the side og the road.这时，司机看到路边躺着一位老人。see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth. 强调看到 /听到的动作的正在进行see/watch/notice/hear sb.do sth. 强调看到 /听到的动作的完整性e.g. I often _ him _ in the garden last month. 上个月，我总是看到他在花园里干活。(强调全过程 ) I _ him _ in the garden when I passed by yersterday. 昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。(强调动作正在进行) 8.He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. 1).expect +名词 /代词“期待；预料”名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - I am _ a phone call from her. 我正在等她的电话。2).expect to do sth. She expects to go there next week. 她期望下周去那里。3).expect sb. to do sth. He expected her to go with him. 4).expect +that 从句I expect that he ll come back tomorrow. 9. But to my surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 1). to ones surprise “ 使 惊讶的是，出乎 意料 ”_ my _(surprise), he refused to cooperate with us. 让我惊讶的是，他拒绝与我们合作。2). agree “同意”a. agree to do sth. “ 同意做某事 ”b. agree with sb. c. agree on sth. “ 就某事达成一致”e.g. My mother agreed _(buy) me a new pen. I entirely agree _ you. We agree _ the question. 10. 辨析 thanks to /thanks for thanks to “ 多亏，由于 ” ，to 是介词，其后接名词、代词或 doing thanks for “ 因 而感谢 ” ，for 后接感谢的原因，常为名词或 doing 形式，Thanks _ you, I am not lost. 幸亏你我才没有迷路。Thanks _ sending me such a nice gift. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。11. get into trouble “造成麻烦（或烦恼）;陷入困境 ” trouble 是不可数名词。be in trouble “再麻烦和困境中”e.g. Lisa _ _ trouble when she climed the mountain. Let us help the people who are _ _. 12. Did you fall down? fall-fell-fallen fall down 意为“倒下” ，强调的是“滑倒，倒下”，不能直接跟宾语，加 from 连接宾语， fall down from ，表示“从 摔下”fall off “ 跌落 ” ，强调的是“从某处跌落，摔下来”=fall down from e.g. The dog _ down dead.那条狗倒下去死了。The boy _ _ _ the tree and broke his legs. The girl _ _ the bike. Section B 1.Someone felt sick. Sick;生病的，恶心的。ill 也是生病的，也可表示品质恶劣的辨析 sick 和 ill sick 既可以作定语，也可以用作表语。表语时“恶心的”ill 既可以作定语，也可以用作表语。作定语时：表示“品质恶劣的”e.g. Everytime I get on a boat, I feel _. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - He is an _ student, because he smokes and drinks. I have to look after my _ sister home at home today. 2.Someone got hit on the head. 有人头部受到了撞击。1).get hit 为系表结构： get hit +on/in +the+ 身体部位的名词，表示“ 某身体部位受到了撞击”e.g. The police officer _ _on the shoulder. 这位警官的肩膀受到了撞击。2). hit, “ 打击，击中 ”如果强调“集中某人的部位”可以用“hit sb. on/in the + 身体部位” e.g. The bullet hit him on the back. 子弹击中了他的后背。3).hit 可以做名词，“轰动一时的成功的人或事；风靡一时的作品”。e.g. The song was a hit at once. 3. have problems breathing 1). breathe, a.动词“呼吸” e.g. He was breathing hard when he finished the race. b. 名词， breath ，没有“ e”take a deep breath 深呼吸； hold one s breath 屏住呼吸2). have problems (in) doing sth. “ 做某事有困难或麻烦”e.g. I have _ _ English. 我学习英语有困难。4. 辨析 be used to doing/ be used to do /used to do be used to doing 意为“习惯于” ，to 是介词 +名词 /doing be used to do 意为“被用来做 ”to 为不定式符号+do 原形used to do 意为“过去常常” ，to 为不定式符号 +do 原形e.g. I am _ to _ up early.我习惯早起。A pen is _ to _.钢笔是用来写字的。He _ to _ books for an hour every day. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。5. find + 宾语+ 宾补1). find 宾语adj. We found him dishonest. 我们发现他不诚实。2).find 宾语doing We found him _others homework. 我们发现他在抄别人作业。3).find 宾语副词和介词短语I am so glad to find you _. 我很高兴发现你在家。I found the clothes _ _ style. 我发现这些衣服过时了。6. 辨析 run out/run out of 用尽，耗尽run out “ 动词 +副词 ” 结构。 相当于不及物动词，后面不接宾语， 主语通常是“事物”时间，金钱等run out of “动词 +副词 +介词”结构。相当于及物动词，后面可以接宾语，主语通常是“人”Our money is _ out. 我们的钱快用光了。We are running out _ money. 我们的钱快用光了。7. 辨析 so that /so that so that “ 以 便 ， 为 了 ” =in order that, 引 导 目 的 状 语 从 句 ， 常 与can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词或助动词。so .that “如此 以至于” ,引导结果状语从句，so 为副词， +adj/adv;that 后跟从句。可以与 enough to do 和 too to do 进行同义句转换。e.g. They got up early _ _ they could catch the early bus. Say slowy _ _ I can follow you. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - Tom ran _ fast _ I couldn t catch up with him. =Tom ran _ fast _ catch up with. 8.so that 用法。1). so + adj./adv. +that 2).so + adj. +(+a/an)+n.+that 3). so + many/much/few/little +n.that e.g. The ceiling is so high that we couldn t reach. 天花板如此高，我们够不着。His son is so tall a man that he almost reaches the ceiling.他儿子那么高，几乎够到天花板了。Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over. 凯特跌倒了好多次，摔得身体青一款紫一块。9.give up 放弃1). “动词 +副词”代词做宾语，代词放中间。give it/them/him/her up 2). give up doing it s good for you to give up _. 戒烟对你有好处。10. I hurt myself playing soccer. playing soccer 现在分词做伴随状语。表示动作同时发生。其逻辑主语为句子的主语。e.g. I stayed up late yesterday, _ for a test. 昨天我为测验熬夜学习到很晚。名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -