2022年专业英语试题 .pdf

专业英语考查说明1. 成绩主要由以下部分组成：平时考勤（10 分）+上课回答问题（ 10 分）+作业（10 分）+平时随堂测试（ 20 分）+三篇短英文文章翻译（ 50 分） 。2.三篇短英文文章翻译：（1）Title: Research and Realization of Healthcare Monitoring System Based on ARM7 and uC/OS-II Abstract: The research and realization of a multiple physiological parameter monitoring system based on ARM7 processor and uC/OS-II embedded operating system is proposed in this paper, which realizes real- time acquisition, display and transmit of the patient s physiological parameters such as blood pressure, pulse, ECG, blood oxygen saturation, temperature and so on. The monitoring system adopts the ARM7 as a core, which achieve real-time processing through multi-task scheduling. Monitor system comprises Ethernet communication interface, it can be conveniently access to the local hospital LAN and connects to the Internet to realize remote diagnosis and monitoring. Keywords: ARM7; uC/OS-II; Ethernet; monitoring system 1 Introduction: Patients play the most important role in medical system. For their treatment and rehabilitation, medical institutions placed on all their efforts to them. 1-3 In order to prevent and cure diseases and find diseases earlier, it is very important to real-time control some important health parameters such as blood pressure, pulse, ECG, blood oxygen saturation and body temperature. We developed a healthcare monitoring system based on ARM7 and uC/OS-II, which includes a number of key functions, such as human physiological parameters detection, display and analysis, abnormal state alarm and network communication. It can easily access to the Internet in the every corner of the world to achieve remote diagnosis and monitoring through real-time remote two-way communication between users and medical institutions. 2 System hardware design: The structure of hardware is shown in Figure 1. Six parameters module can get human ECG, noninvasive blood pressure, blood oxygen, pulse rate, respiration and body temperature parameters through lead port, light finger and cuff. Embedded processor, which 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - adopts ARM7 as a core, connects to six parameters module through serial port. ARM7 central processor catches and processes the data from six parameters module through multi-task scheduling. LCD module can display all kinds of graphical and numerical signals. This system can also be controlled under an external keyboard to store and send data to the network, and signal detection alarm lines will make a warn when the detected data beyond alarm lines. The controlling and processing core of the system is composed by the S3C44b0X from SAMSUNG based on ARM7TDMI core. S3C44b0X is a 16/32 bit high-performance RISC microprocessor, whose main frequency speeds up to 66 MHz. It incorporates 8 KB cache, LCD controller, UART 2-way, 4-channel DMA, five road with PWM timer, RTC controller, 8 - 1 O-bit ADC, IIC bus interface, IIS bus interface, Synchronous SIO interfaces and IO mouth including eight external interrupt source inputs. There are eight memory bank and each bank are addressable 32 M bytes.Its four operating modes diminish system power consumption and high level of integration helps system miniaturization. To achieve 10M Monitor Ethernet connectivity, Ethernet controller chip adopts RTL L8019AS. It supports full-duplex mode with double network bandwidth efficiency, compatibles to the NE2000, built-in 16 KB cache memory. 10M bandwidth of Ethernet controller is sufficient for the purpose of monitor s real-time data transmission rates. (2) Title: A Laser-induced fluorescence optical fiber detection system for micro fluidic chip Abstract: Based on optic fiber beam sensor, a miniaturized laser induced fluorescence optical fiber detection system using solid-state laser (473nm) as excitation source is developed. The advantage of the LIF-D system are simple structure, small size, low cost, high sensitivity and high anti-disturbing. And the photon count method is used to improve the sensitivity of the detection. Using Sodium fluorescein as the test sample, distinct fluorescence signal with good repeatability is showed in the experiment. The concentration detection limit is up to 3 1013mol/L. the linear dynamic range is from 106to 1013mol/L. It also shown that there was a nicer linear relation between the peak values of fluorescence signal to Sodium fluorescein concentration. Its correlation coefficient is 99.9%. By changing detection cells this integrated detection system can be applied in micro flow analysis and for the normal biotechnology analysis of DNA. Keywords: Laser-induced fluorescence, optic fiber sensor, micro-fluidic chip, detection system 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 1 Introduction: Micro-fluidic chips, also called miniaturized total analysis system ( TAS), are one of the research hotspot in the area of analysis chemical and analysis instrument. Compared the conventional separation and analysis methods with the micro fluidic chips, micro-fluidic chips have the advantages of higher analysis efficiency, faster separation speed, smaller dimensions, smaller sample and reagent consumption, lower applied voltage and detection limits. Therefore, Micro fluidic chips have considerable potential in analysis of biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA. Although a variety of conventional detection schemes have been used in these micro fluidic devices, including optical methods which employ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), absorbance, chemilluminescence, electrochemical methods, mass spectrometric measurements, etc. A laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection mechanism which micro-fluidic chips generally employ has more selectivity and the sensitivity of the device. Traditionally, micro-fluidic chip is performed under a high magnification microscope equipped with a laser and an optical detector. Despite it has reported that this scheme enables an excellent detect limit to be achieved (109Mol/L), it is difficult to microminiaturize and to integrate system due to the large volume of conventional lasers and optical components. It is also difficult to achieve a precise alignment of the various optical components because it is tine-consuming and complicated. The detection sensitivity of output signal is not enough high to obtain higher detection limit. Hence it is necessary to utilize optical fiber technology to fabricate a miniaturized optical detection system that is capable of executing the high-throughput analysis of bio-molecular such as protein and DNA. It is major challenge to integrate optical components onto the chip and microminiaturize the ultimate system size in the development of micro-fabricated optical detection devices. The traditional LIF detection system is bulky, so an alternate strategy is developed to simplify the sophisticated optical system structure. Using optical fiber sensor in the optical detection system offered a promising approach for reducing the optical system size. Collins, et al, constructed a simple absorbance setup by directly orienting the red LED source above the separation micro channel. Compared with the conventional absorption system, in the micro fluidic system the collimation optics and filters for incidence of light were moved, while the background noise from stray light increased. Since optical fiber transmits light with minimal loss and limits the launch 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - light from the tip to a small spot, it is the best transmission medium of light in optical micro-fabricated devices. C.H.LIN et al. developed a simple and reliable method to embed etched optic fibers in glass-based microchip devices. A simple method to couple detection light between micro-chip and equipment was developed. In this paper, a miniaturized LIF detection system based on reflecting laser-induced fluorescence technology is developed. A solid-state laser (473nm) as excitation source, the collimation and collection optics and mirrors were discarded by using a Y-shaped optical fiber beam sensor which was used to simultaneously transmit the excitation light source and to detect induced fluorescence and then to integrate detection structure. The photon count method was used to improve the sensitivity of the detection. This integrated structure avoids the requirement for complicated optical alignment procedures and equipment. The stability, repeatability, and sensitivity of the integrated micro-fluidic chip detection system were evaluated by detecting Sodium fluorescein sample. The advantage of the LIF-D system are simple structure, small size, low cost, high sensitivity and high anti-disturbing. （3）Agriculture Engineering The first curriculum in Agricultural Engineering was established at Iowa State University by J. B. Davidson in 1905. The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, now known as the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, was founded in 1907. Agriculture engineering is the engineering discipline that applies engineering science and technology to agricultural production and processing. Agricultural engineering combines the disciplines of animal biology, plant biology, and mechanical, civil and chemical engineering principles with a knowledge of agricultural principles. It involves broader scope engineering in the entire world than any other engineering discipline. It utilizes the knowledge of engineering for making agricultural machinery. Agricultural Engineers may perform tasks as planning, supervising and managing the building of dairy effluent schemes, irrigation, drainage, flood and water control systems, perform environmental impact assessments, agricultural product processing and interpret research results and implement relevant practices. A large percentage of agricultural engineers work in academia or for government agencies such as the United States Department of Agriculture or state 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - agricultural extension services. Some are consultants, employed by private engineering firms, while others work in industry, for manufacturers of agricultural machinery, equipment, processing technology, and structures for housing livestock and storing crops. Agricultural engineers work in production, sales, management, research and development, or applied science. Some of the specialties of agricultural engineers include: (1) The design of agricultural machinery, equipment, and agricultural structures (2) Crop production, including seeding, tillage, irrigation and the conservation of soil and water (3) Animal production, including the care and processing of poultry and fish and dairy management (4) The processing of food and other agricultural and bio-renewable products, and food engineering. (5) Bioresource engineering, which uses machines on the molecular level to help the environment? Mechanized agriculture is the process of using agricultural machinery to massively increase farm output. In modern times, powered machinery has replaced many jobs formerly carried out by men or animals such as oxen and horses.The history of agriculture contains many examples of tool use, but only in recent time has the high rate of machine use been at such a level. The first pervasive mechanization of agriculture came with the introduction of the plough, usually powered by animals. It was invented in ancient Mesopotamia. Current mechanized agriculture includes the use of airplanes, helicopters, trucks and tractors, among other vehicles. Modern farms even sometimes use computers in conjunction with satellite imagery and GPS guidance to increase yields. The need for mechanization is as a result of the global population increase which must be fed. It improves the production efficiency by reducing cost per unit of product, encourages large scale production and improves the quality of farm produce. On the other hand, it displaces unskilled farm labor, causes environmental pollution, deforestation and erosion. The birth of industrial agriculture more or less coincides with that of the Industrial Revolution in general. The identification of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus (referred to by the acronym NPK) as critical factors in plant growth led to the manufacture of synthetic fertilizers, 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - making possible more intensive types of agriculture. The discovery of vitamins and their role in animal nutrition, in the first two decades of the 20th century, led to vitamin supplements, which in the 1920s allowed certain livestock to be raised indoors, reducing their exposure to adverse natural elements. The discovery of antibiotics and vaccines facilitated raising livestock in concentrated, controlled animal feed operations by reducing diseases caused by crowding. Chemicals developed for use in World War II gave rise to synthetic pesticides. Developments in shipping networks and technology have made long-distance distribution of agricultural produce feasible. Industrial agriculture is a form of modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops. The methods of industrial agriculture are technoscientific, economic, and political. They include innovation in agricultural machinery and farming methods, genetic technology, techniques for achieving economies of scale in production, the creation of new markets for consumption, the application of patent protection to genetic information, and global trade. These methods are widespread in developed nations and increasingly prevalent worldwide. Most of the meat, dairy, eggs, fruits, and vegetables available in supermarkets are produced using these methods of industrial agriculture. The major challenges and issues faced by society concerning industrial agriculture include: Maximizing the benefits: (1) Cheap and plentiful food (2) Convenience for the consumer (3) The contribution to our economy on many levels, from growers to harvesters to processors to sellers While minimizing the downsides: (1) Environmental and social costs (2) Damage to fisheries (3) Cleanup of surface and groundwater polluted with animal waste (4) Increased health risks from pesticides (5) Increased ozone pollution and global warming from heavy use of fossil fuels 要求同学们独立完成，可以查找字典，要使名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 得语句通顺，将三篇英文翻译（英文和中文均要打印出来），制作英文封面，（封面要用英文制作，含有如下信息：课程名称，学校学院专业名称，姓名，学号，手机，成绩等）。通信专业：第 15周星期三晚上交。电子和自动化专业：第18周星期五下午交。请不要抄袭，否则判为0分。最后，祝福大家都有一个好的前程！ 20XX年5月6日名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -