句子成分[1].ppt

关于句子成分1现在学习的是第1页，共31页主语、谓语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语、补语等。主要成分：主语和谓语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： ，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。现在学习的是第2页，共31页The school is far from here.She goes to school by bike.Eight is a lucky number.The blind need more help.There is a pen on the desk.Predicting the future is interesting.To be a doctor is my dream.名词做主语代词做主语数词做主语名词化的形容词做主语名词做主语动名词做主语不定式短语做主语现在学习的是第3页，共31页表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 往往由一个或一个以上的构成。现在学习的是第4页，共31页Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.主语主语主语谓语谓语谓语现在学习的是第5页，共31页谓语表语谓语谓语表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。用在的。名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.主语主语表语My dream is to have a robot.主语表语现在学习的是第6页，共31页常见的系动词1. be动词2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,。现在学习的是第7页，共31页 是动作的对象或承受者。.及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词. 宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.I saw a plane in the sky just now.I want three.I like going shopping.We think predicting the future is hard.动名词做宾语名词做宾语数词做宾语宾语现在学习的是第8页，共31页宾主宾 有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。充当宾补的有:1. 形容词作宾语补足语The sun keeps us warm.主谓2. 介词短语作宾语补足语: I found her in the room.谓现在学习的是第9页，共31页3. 副词作宾语补足语。 Please let him in.4. 名词作宾语补足语。We made him monitor of the class.5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。I asked him to come.现在学习的是第10页，共31页定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的的)1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面) They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you.2. 名词作定语: Is it a color film?名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:school bus,ticket office, paper flowers但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop现在学习的是第11页，共31页man 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如: men drivers , women doctors3. 代词作定语: This song is better than that one.4. 数词作定语: There are only thirty students in our class.带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy现在学习的是第12页，共31页5. 副词作定语(放在被修饰词):Do you know the young man over there?6. 介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词):The students in our class like swimming.现在学习的是第13页，共31页状语 修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步等.1. 副词作状语: The old man is walking slowly. The boy is very clever.表方式表程度2. 介词短语作状语: I have lived in Shanghai for five years.3. 不定式作状语I come here to see you.表目的表时间现在学习的是第14页，共31页4. 现在分词作状语The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand.表方式5. 状语从句Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.现在学习的是第15页，共31页1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。We like our school very much.2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后I usually get up early.He is often late.现在学习的是第16页，共31页一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.The actor only sang a song.Only the actor sang a song.The actor sang only one song.现在学习的是第17页，共31页1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后. We will have a meeting in Room 202tomorrow.2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大 Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词She sang very well at the meeting last night.现在学习的是第18页，共31页时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.现在学习的是第19页，共31页1. We waited for him until eight oclock.3.The second term begins on February 28.4.We find the story very interesting.5. She bought me a nice pen as birthday gift.2.When spring comes, leaves turn green.现在学习的是第20页，共31页现在学习的是第21页，共31页是具有一定的语法结构,表达应该独立完整意义的语言单位.结构:简单句,并列句, 复合句用途:陈述句,疑问句,祈使句, 感叹句.现在学习的是第22页，共31页 We read English every day. Father and I are watching the football match. He lived and worked here for ten years. Wang Wei and his sister got on a bus and found two seats.简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓 语(或并列谓语的句子。现在学习的是第23页，共31页I am an actor.They are running.She can speak English.She teaches us English.The news made her unhappy.现在学习的是第24页，共31页判断下列简单句的类型。1. We made him our group leader.2. I cant watch TV now.3. Who gave you that book?4. It tasted wonderful.5. We all study hard.6. We must keep our classroom clean.7. The bus is coming.现在学习的是第25页，共31页由并列连接词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子.并列句简单句只包含有一套主谓结构。并列句则包含有两套或两套以上的主谓结构,被连接的简单句在意义上有联系, 但在语法结构上互不从属。I help her.(简单句)She helps me. (简单句)I help her and she helps me. (并列句)现在学习的是第26页，共31页不同的并列连词用以表示并列句中各分句间的不同关系1. and (和,而且)表示并列,递进关系.2. but(但是), 表示转折关系3. or(否则,或者)表示转折、选择关系4. so(所以)，for(因为)表示因果关系现在学习的是第27页，共31页并列句中的省略并列句中的省略He will go there, but I wont (go there).Shes always working, but her husband isnt (working).This story is short but (it is) very interesting.You may read it here or (you may) take it home.现在学习的是第28页，共31页复合句有一个主句和一个或一个以上 的从句组成的句子。(句中有句)主语从句宾语从句表语从句定语从句状语从句由一个句子充当主语的主语由一个句子充当主句的宾语由一个句子充当主句的表语由一个句子充当主句的定语由一个句子充当主句的状语现在学习的是第29页，共31页He told me that he went shopping yesterday.( )I was watching TV when the phone rang.The girl who likes dancing is my friend.主主主谓谓谓( )( )主谓主谓主谓现在学习的是第30页，共31页感谢大家观看现在学习的是第31页，共31页