否定用法小结.ppt

关于否定用法小结现在学习的是第1页，共11页一、一、not与与nonot使句子或句子的一部分的语意变成否定。使句子或句子的一部分的语意变成否定。Her mother is a nurse, not a doctor. 她妈妈是护士，不是医生。Im interested in physics, but not in chemistry.我对物理有兴趣，但对化学没兴趣。Who took my notebook?Not me.谁拿了我的笔记本？ 不是我。I got 80 percent on my test.Not bad我考80分。 不错喔。no是形容词。是形容词。 no + 名词名词not是副词，通常不直接放在名词前面。是副词，通常不直接放在名词前面。 not a/any = noI have no money. = I dont have any money. 我没有钱。There are not any apples on the tree. = There are no apples on the tree. 树上没有苹果。He is not a fool. = He is no fool. 他不是傻瓜。I wont tell anybody about the secret. = I will tell nobody about the secret. 我不会把这个秘密告诉任何人。现在学习的是第2页，共11页二、either与tooI dont like carrot, and I dont like celery, either.我不喜欢红萝卜，也不喜欢芹菜。I seldom go to concerts. Me either. 我很少去听音乐会。 我也是。I have nothing to do with it. Me either.我跟那件事无关。 我也是。现在学习的是第3页，共11页三、表示否定意思的前缀：un-, in-, im-, dis-, mis-等un- unhappy(不快乐), unmarried(未婚的), uncomfortable (不舒服的)in- incorrect(不正确的), inconvenient(不方便的),incredible(难以置信的)im- impossible(不可能), immature(不成熟的), immortal(不朽的)dis- disagree(不同意), dishonesty(不诚实), disease(疾病)mis- mislead(误导), misfortune(不幸), misjudge(判断错误)现在学习的是第4页，共11页四、否定代词的用法neither表示对两者的否定，可以与介词of 连用；none 表示三者或三者以上没有一个，通常用how many/how much提问,一般有范围，可以构成none of；nothing表示什么都没有，指物，用what提问；nobody和no one表示没有人，用who 提问。如：She has taken a lot of medicines, but none (of them) has cured her disease.Tom is going abroad for study, but neither of his parents are in favor of his plan.-Who are you speaking to?-No one./Nobody.提示 ：Neither/nor+助动词+名词/代词, 表示后者和前者一样不其相反的结构为so+助动词+名词/代词, 表示后者和前者一样。如：I went to school by bike yesterday, so did my sister.He wont attend the meeting tomorrow, neither will Mr. White.现在学习的是第5页，共11页五、否定前移的用法英语中的动词如think, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose等，如果带有否定的宾语从句，宾语从句中的否定词通常提前，用来否定主句的谓语动词。但是如果从句中的否定词不是not, 而是never, hardly, seldom等时，则不适用于这个原则，如：I am sorry, but I dont think /suppose/ believe I know you.He doesnt think his neighbor will help him if he is in trouble.I think Tom will never pass the exam because he doesnt work hard.否定前移时的反义句:当主语为第一人称I, we时，通常反问的是从句；而当主语不是第一人称时，则反问主句。如：I dont think Jim will pass the exam, will he?Tom doesnt believe that his parents will be in support of his plan, does he?现在学习的是第6页，共11页六、部分否定用法含有如all, everybody, everything, always, both等用于否定句时，是部分否定，翻译成“不全是，不总是，并不是所有的都”等。如：Not all the teachers are in favor of this new book.=All the teachers are not in favor of this new book.现在学习的是第7页，共11页七、隐性否定词用法指的是形式上看不到否定词，但含有一些特殊的词和词组来表示否定的意义。这种否定意义的用法隐藏在句子的深层含义中。含有否定意义的词汇和结构有：1.名词：absence, failure, lack, refusal, ignorance, negation, shortage等。2.形容词及形容词短语：few, little, absent from, short of, far from, free from, free of等。3.副词：never, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely等。4.介词：against, beyond, butexcept, without, instead of, but for等。5.动词和动词短语：fail, miss, stop/ keep/ preventfrom等。6.固定结构：tooto, anything but, would ratherthan, by no means, in no way, under no condition 等。.现在学习的是第8页，共11页八、否定词前置用法否定意义的词放句首，引起部分倒装。如：Hardly/Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain.Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.By no means will this process be satisfactory.1. Not until he left his home _to know how important the family was for him. A. did he begin B. had he begun C. he began D. he has began2.- How was the televised debate last night?-Super! Rarely _ so much media attention. A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate.现在学习的是第9页，共11页现在学习的是第10页，共11页感谢大家观看现在学习的是第11页，共11页