外研版八年级下册现在完成时.doc

新外研版八年级下册英语语法-现在完成时I Warm-up选择题。（ ）1. He often_his clothes on Sundays.  A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash  （ ）2. Next month_twenty five.  A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have（ ）3. We will start as soon as our teacher_ .  A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming  （ ）4. Last week John_his leg.  A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken  （ ）5. It_ hard when I left my house .  A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain  II Grammar现在完成时（一）构成：1.肯定句主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数）+have +过去分词+其他 主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词+其他如：I have been to Beijing.2.否定句 3.主语+ have/has +not +过去分词+其他如：He hasnt finished his homework yet.4.一般疑问句 Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？如：Has the letter arrived yet?5.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？如：Where have you been to ?（二）用法：1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just, already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。例如：同步练习（1） I have _that before. (我从来没有听说过那回事） Have you_? （你曾经骑过马吗？） She _the math exercises.（他已经完成了数学作业） I_ book. （我刚刚丢了历史书）2. 现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）一段时间的表达方法有两种:for: + 一段时间 for a year, for two weeks, for three years过去的某一时刻：since nine hours ago, since last week, since 1990since 一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since you came， since you got home 注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week. 对划线部分提问都用How long同步练习（2）用since 和for填空1. I have had this car a year.2. The shop has been closed last week.3. How long have you studied Chinese? two years ago.4. We havent seen each other she went back to her country.重难点have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。 试比较： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在说话人的地方）He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。（人去了，不在说话人的地方）Exercises I:用gone或been填空。1. I am sorry I'm late, everyone. I've_ _ _ to the dentist's.2. There's nobody at home. I think they've _ _ away for the weekend.3. You look very brown. Where have you _ _ on holiday?4. Simon isn't here at the moment. He's _ _ _to a football match.5. Have you ever_ _ _to Scotland? Yes, I've _ _ there quite a few times.一般过去时与现在完成时之比较：1）一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，与现在无关；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago，just now）连用.be结构：肯定式：主语was were 其他 否定式：主语was werenot 其他 一般疑问句：Was Were主语 其他 V结构：肯定式：主语v.过去式其他 否定式：主语didnt v.原形其他 一般疑问句:Did主语v.原形其他2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, , just now, this morning等具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定的时间状语。请大家认真分析、比较下列各例句：I saw this film yesterday.（只说明动作发生在过去。） I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） She has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday.（她是昨天回来的。） He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用一般过去时。例如：Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. （）Mary has watered the flowers just now. ( )Mary watered the flowers just now. ( )Mary has just watered the flowers . ( )判断： When did you lose it? ( ) When have you lost it? ( )Exercises II:用括号内单词的现在完成时或一般过去时形式完成句子1. My friend is a writer. He (write) many books.2. We (not/have) a holiday last year.3. I (play) table tennis yesterday afternoon.4. What time (you/go) to bed last night?5. (you/ever/meet) a famous person?6. The weather (not/ be ) very good yesterday.7. My hair is wet. I (just/wash) it.8. I (wash) my hair before breakfast this morning.9. Kathy travels a lot. She (visit) many countries.10. Is Sonia here? No, she (not/ come) yet.（三）现在完成时与瞬间动作：瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：1.）用ago,使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago.2.）用“It is +一段时间+ since +一般过去时从句 ” It is three years since he left here.3.）用“ 一段时间have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句”Three years have passed since he left here.以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词形容词或副词介词短语等。1.直接转化成延续性动词buy have catch (get) a cold have a cold borrow keep become be2.转换成be+名词join the army be a soldierjoin the Party be a Party member / be a member of the Partygo to school be a student3转换成be+形容词或副词die be dead finish be over begin be on leave be away fall sleep be asleep close be closed open be open come be here go be there marry be married4.转换成 be+介词短语go to school be in school join the army be in the army一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句.我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years. / We bought the book three years ago. 他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days. / He caught a cold three days ago.自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.I borrowed the book last week. / I have kept the book since last week.我成为一个学生两年多了.I have been a student for over two years. / I became a student two years ago. Mr Black死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years. / Mr Black died three years ago.小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year. / Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.Exercises III:完成句子：按照下列各题的汉语意思用英语按成句子，把答案写在横线上，词数不限。1.她离开北京三个月了。She Beijing for three months.2.电影开始半小时了。The film for half an hour.3.从四岁时我们已相互认识了。We have known each other .4.自从他回来，我和他相处得很好。 since he came back.5.你教他们英语多长时间？How long ?III Exercises考点一：考查基本概念Both his parents look sad .Maybe they_ what's happened to him .knew .have known . must know .will know考点二：考查时间状语1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?.already .never .ever . still2. Have you met Mr Li _？.just .ago .before .a moment ago3. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .is writing .was writing .wrote .has written4.Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _.has changed ;well .changed ;good .has changed; better .changed; better5. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .was; studying .will; study .has ;studied . are; studying6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.know .had known .have known . knew7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _it twice .will see .have seen .saw . see考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别1.These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?.will they go .did they go .do they go .have they gone2._ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; done ;have finished .will; do ;finish考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法1. His father _ the Party since 1978 .joined .has joined . was in .has been in2.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _friends since ten years ago .were .have been .have become. have made3.How long have you _ here ?About two months .been .gone .come .arrived4. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .has begun .had begun .has been on .began5 It _ten years since he left the army .is .has .will . was6. His uncle died two years ago.（改变句子,句意不变）His uncle _ _ _ for two years 7. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _the Party three years _ .考点五:考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别1.Miss Green isn't in the office .she_ to the library .has gone .went .will go .has been2.My parents _Shandong for ten years .have been in .have been to .have gone to .have been