初中英语冠词用法总结及练习与解析(9页).doc
-初中英语冠词用法总结及练习与解析-第 9 页冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词一.概念冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二.相关知识点精讲不定冠词：1. a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour. 请区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a “u”, an “h”。2用法1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.定冠词：一： the 表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。the book in my bag the boy under the treethe apples in the basket the hospital near my home二：可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。the books the book the rice the bread the footballthe old man the interesting book the teachers the women三：用法：1). 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗?Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。2). 再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.There is a boy under the tree.The boy is my brother.3). 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：Lets go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。Open the door，please!请打开门。4). 用于某些固定词组中。 例如:in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。5). 用在形容词前表示一类人。the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich富裕的人the poor_ the deaf _ the blind_6). 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。 例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England.The Greens came to China two years ago .7). 用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园the United States 美国 the October Revolution 十月革命the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army 中国人民解放军the Long March 长征8).用在序数词或形容词最高级前The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.He is the tallest one in our class.9).世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)the globe太阳系 the universe 宇宙 the atmosphere大气层The sun rises in the east.The earth goes round the sun.10).在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s 20世纪80年代in the nineteenth century 二十世纪11).在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。the Changjang River 长江the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋12).在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair。13).不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.14).在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面, in the front of 在范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。零冠词：一：所谓零冠词，即指不使用冠词的情况：二：用法：1)在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词The desk is made of wood.What is work? Work is struggle2)国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England， China Mary Lilei Mr.Green3). 在星期、月份，季节等名词前;Sunday March summer winter4)名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this， my，that， those， these， her)如：this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等5) 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：have breakfast play chess play basketball(注意 在乐器前必须加定冠词 如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin)6)当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词;by bus by train by car by air by bike by plane(注意 如果用介词on 表示乘坐交通工具 必须用a 或an 来表示 如 in a bus on a bike 等)7)有些个体名词不用冠词;如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)练习填空There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful bookI've read it for _ hour 3 _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4 _ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day 5Let's go out for _ walk 6It's too hotOpen _ door，please 7There is _ woman over there _ woman is Meimei's mother 8 _ sun rises in _ east 9 _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 10Are you going to do it _ second time？ 11Washington is _ capital of _ USA 12 _ Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street 13He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995 14 _ old man is _ teacherHe likes playing _ basketball after _ supper 15After I had _ quick breakfast，I hurried to school 16Are _ sheep kept by _ farmers for producing _ wool and _ meat？ 17They went to _ People's Park，but we both went to _ People's Cinema yesterday 18I often watch _ TV in _ evening 19 _ day of _ December 20，1999 is Monday 20Tomorrow is _ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _ Christmas tree today 21I think _ maths is more important than any other subject 22He often goes to _ school by _ bike 23What does this _ word mean， _ Father？ 24What _ important news！ 选择填空1Does Jim have _ ruler？ Yes，he has _ Aan；some Ba；one Ca； Dany；one 2There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr Zhao's Aan ；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The 3 _ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay AThe BA CAn DTwo 4How many books do you have？ I have _ bookThat's _ English book Aa；an Ba；one Cone；an Done；one 5At that time Tom was _ one-year-old baby Aa Ban Cthe D 6 _ tiger is _ China AThe；a BA；the CThe；from DThe；the 7We can't see _ sun at _ night Athe；the Bthe； Ca； D； 8 _ useful book it is！ AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat 9One afternoon he found _ handbagThere was _ “s”on the corner of _ handbag Aa；an；the Ba；a；the Can；an；an Dthe；a；a 10 _ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meeting AAn；an；a BThe；an CThe；a DThe；the 11 _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world AA；a BThe；the CA；the DThe；a 12 _ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River AThe；a BA； CA；the DAn；the 13 _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school AA；an BThe；a CThe；the DA；the 14He used to be _ teacher but later he turned _ writer Aa；a Ba；the C；a Da； 15They made him _ king Aa Bthe Can D 16His father is _ English teacherHe works in our school Aa Ban Cthe D 17Is he _ American boy ？ Aan Ba Cone D 18Does Tom often play _ football after _ school？ A； B；the Cthe； Da； 19They passed our school _ day before yesterday Aan Bone Ca Dthe 20Australia is _ English-speaking country Aa Ban Cthe D 21She has _ orange skirt _ skirt is nice Aa；The Ban；The Can；A Dthe；The 22This is _ appleIt's _ big apple Aan；a Ba；the Ca；an Dan；the 23Look at _ horse over there Aa Ban Cthe D 24Don't play _ basketball hereIt's dangerous Aa Ban C Dthe 25There is _ old woman in the car A Bthe Ca Dan 26Beijing is _ beautiful cityIt's _ capital of China Aa；a Bthe；the C；the Da；the 27Shanghai is in _ east of China A Ban Ca Dthe 28I've been a student there for nearly two and _ half years Aa Ban Cthe D 29Bill is _ English teacherHe likes playing _ football Aa；the Ban；the Ca； Dan； 30The museum is quite farIt will take you half _ hour to get there by _ bus Aan； Ban；a Ca； D；I1a；an；the 2a；an。第一个空的a是泛指，第二个空的an是指“一小时”。 3An；a。这两个空都是泛指，故都用不定冠词。 4The；the；a。前两个空都是特指，故填the；后一个空中的a相当于every或each，three times a day意为“一天三次”。 5a。go out for a walk意为“出去散步”。 6the 7a；The。前者泛指，后者特指。 8The；the。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体；第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。 9The；the，×。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词；第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词；第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。 10a。a second time意为“再一次”、“另一次”。the second time意为“第二次”。此句填a是表示动作的重复，而不能用the（表顺序）。 11the；the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。 12The。“the 姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。 13the；×。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。 14The a；×；×。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。 15a。三餐名称前若有形容词，则可在形容词前加冠词，此处是泛指，故用a。 16×；×；×；×。此句意为“农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗？”前两个空也可填定冠词，意为：“那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗？” 17the；the。普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。 18×；the。TV前不加冠词。“早、午、晚”名词前加冠词。 19The；×；×。第一空是特指。日期名词前不加冠词。 20×；a21×。学科名称前一般不加冠词。 22×；×。go to school上学。by bike骑自行车。 23×；×。指示代词不能与定冠词连用。 24×。注意news是不可数名词，故不能加a。 II 1B。第一空是泛指；第二空的one是不定代词，用以替代前面的ruler。 2A 3C。这是一句谚语，意思是“一天吃一个苹果，用不着看医生。” 4C。one强调数量，用以回答“Howmany？”问句；第二个空是泛指，故用an。 5A。one虽以元音字母开头，但以辅音音素w开头，故填a。 6C。此句意为：“这只老虎来自中国。” 7B。在“太阳、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠词the；at night“在夜晚”，注意该短语中没有冠词。 8C 9A。“s”虽为辅音字母，但却以元音音素e开头，故填an。 10D。第一个空填the，是特指那个“白发老太太”；第二个空不填冠词，是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English后面如有language，就得说the English language。“在会议上”应为at the meeting。 11B。the Great Wall长城。 12C。第一个空是泛指，用a；第二个空是河流名称，故用the。 13B。第一个空：“那边的那个妇女”，是特指；第二个空是指那个妇女的身份、职业，是泛指。 14D。第一个空是泛指；第二个空用“零冠词”是因为turn后面的名词前一般都不加冠词。 15D。表示某人的职位时可用“零冠词”。 16B 17A 18A。after school放学以后。 19D。the day before yesterday前天。 20B 21B。第一空泛指，第二空特指。 22A。两个空都是泛指。 23C 24C 25D 26D 27D。in the east of在某地区（内）的东部。 28A。two and a half years也可说成two years and a half，意思都是“两年半”。 29D 30A。half an hour半小时，by bus乘公共汽车。 a用于辅音前；an用于元音前。一般说来，元音字母发元音，辅音字母发辅音，但需请注意以下3点：1. 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an。可熟记下面这句话：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task. (一小时前，一位诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。)2. 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词useful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以辅音开头，因此，前面要用a。可熟记下面这句话：In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing. (在一所大学里，有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走，这是件平常的事。)如：Five years ago her brother was _ university student of _ physics. (上海卷)A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; /【分析】答案选D。因为university是以辅音j开头的要用a，排除B和C；physics是学科名词，前面不用冠词。(from )3. 英文字母前用a还是用an的问题在26个英文字母中，a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的，其余字母则是以辅音开头的。如：Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _ ”m” here. (全国卷)A. an B. the C. / D. a【分析】答案选A。因为字母m的发音是以元音e开头的，所以用an；这里的an的意义与one相当，表示“一个”。
