被动语态公开课.docx

讲义编号教学目标掌握八种基本时态的被动语态的构成及其基本用法。掌握带有情态动词的句子的被动语态。重点、难点1、英语中各种时态的被动语态形式2、主动形式表示被动意义的用法考点及考试要求主动形式表示被动意义的用法教学内容一、导入被动语态(Passive Voice)与英语中的动词的时(Tense）、体(Aspect）、态(Voice)、式(Mood).1、被动语态的概念及用法（1）概念：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态与被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者（受动者）或者说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的。例如：They plant flowers in the garden. （主动语态） 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 Flowers are planted by them in the garden. (被动语态)主语 谓语 宾语 状语（2）用法： 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。 不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。 强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。（口诀：谁做动作不知道，说出谁做没必要，动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。）2、被动语态的构成：“助动词be+动词的过去分词”。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态与语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式如下： 主动 被动一般过去时 一般现在时 一般将来时 一般过去将来 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 （口诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。）3. 主动语态与被动语态的转换：（1）主动语态变被动语态（一般情况）：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾格变成主格。谓语动词变为被动结构（be+过去分词）。主动语态中的主语放在介词by后做宾语，主格变为宾格。（口诀: 宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用）。例如： He mended the bike yesterday. （主动语态）主语 谓语 宾语The bike was mended by him yesterday. （被动语态）主语 谓语 宾语 （2）情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。 （注意：原来带to的情态动词变被动语态后，仍然保留。）例如：We have to look after the dog . (主动语态) 主语 谓语 宾语 The dog has to be looked after by us. (被动语态)主语 谓语 宾语(3) 含有宾语补足语的被动语态：含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变成主语后，宾语补足语改为主语补足语。例如：We keep food cold in the fridge. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补The food is kept cold in the fridge by us. 主语 谓语 主补 宾语（注意：有些动词或动词词组在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to, 这些动词是“5看3使2听1感觉”：look at, see, watch, notice, observe; make, let, have; listen to, hear; feel）例如：I heard someone come up the stairs.(主动) Someone was heard to come up the stairs.（被动）（4）带双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, sell, buy, ask, pay, borrow, lend, hand, offer, provide, past, get, promise等，变成被动语态时有两种方法：例如：I have given him the book.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语He has been given the book by me. (间接宾语变主语)The book has been given to him by me.（直接宾语变主语）(注意：带双宾语的动词在变主动语态为被动语态时，通常将宾语变为主语。若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语一般需要加上介词for或to.)二、主动形式表示被动意义(1)“be+under/in/on等介词+名词”构成介词短语可代替进行时被动语态。例如：The city is under attack at the moment.=The city is being attacked at the moment.The bridge is under repair.=The bridge is being repaired.（2）表示状态特征的系动词 “look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等+adj./n.”构成系表结构。如：The steel feels cold.It has gone bad.His plan proved (to be) practical.This kind of cloth feels soft.The dog looks dangerous.(3)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词+副词well/badly/easily/smoothly等，这类动词如：read, write, act, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink等。例如： The coat dries easily. The poem reads smoothly.(4)做“需要”讲的：want/ need /require doing = want/need/require to be doneThe plants want watering = The plants want to be watered.三、总结主动语态变为被动语态，关键在于be动词的转变，要根据主语的人称、数以及句子中的时间状语或其他动词的时态判断被动语态主语的人称、数以及时态。由于涉及过去分词，因此不规则动词的过去分词也要求同学们熟练掌握。四、练习.选择1. English _ a lot for business between different countries. A. uses B. used C. has used D. is used 2. This kind of desk _ of wood. A. is making B. made C. is made D. are made 3.-These bananas look different and they are sweet.-Right. They _ here from Taiwan yesterday. A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought4. Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down5. The machine _ for 3 years. A. has been used B is used C. was used D. will be used6. Young trees _ every year.A. should plant B. will plant C. shall plant D. should be planted. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子(每空格限填一词)1. The boy whom you lent the bike to_ _ (hit) by a car.2. He was so careless as to get _ _ (run over) yesterday.3. In some parts of the world, tea_ _(serve) with milk and sugar.根据所给要求，改写下列句子（每空格限填一词）1. The wall wants repairing. (保持句意基本不变) The wall wants _ _ _2. Today some treasures are on show in the museum.（保持句意基本不变） Today some treasures_ _ _ in the museum.3. The smoke from the factory made us feel sick.(将主动语态变成被动语态)We _ _ _ feel sick by the smoke from the factory.4. My father bought me a gift yesterday. _ _ _ a gift by my father yesterday. (改为被动语态，以间接宾语作为被动语态的主语) A gift _ _ _ me by my father yesterday. (改为被动语态，以直接宾语作为被动语态的主语). 翻译下列句子1. 这道菜尝起来很好吃。2. 这个问题正在讨论之中。附：不规则动词表签字确认学员 教师 班主任 第 7 页