外研社英语八年级上M9知识点整理(3页).doc

-Module9 PopulationUnit1 The population of China is about 1.37 billion.(读作one point three seven billion或one point thirty-seven)1. China has a population of about 1.37 billion.=China has about 1.37 billion people.=There are around 1.37 billion people in China.（注意population与people不连用） 划线提问Whats the population of China?=How many people does China have?=How many people are there in China? a large/big/small population翻译：重庆的人口比北京多。Chongqing has a larger/bigger population than Beijing.The population of Chongqing is larger/bigger than that of Beijing.Half of the population in the town are farmers.2. prepare (sth.) for= get (sth.) ready fornote n. 笔记；便笺；钞票；音符；声调，语气 vt. 注意；记录；对加注释；指出 take/write/make notes 做笔记3. a report called the growing/increasing population 过去分词短语做定语grow-grew-grown v.增长(大);生长;种植;长高,变老4. Were in the right place to talk about正是谈论的恰当时机。5. cause problems/trouble/worry vt. 成为的原因;导致;引起;使遭受cause sb sth.=cause sth. to sb. (后接双宾语)cause sb./sth. to do （宾语补足语）Driving carelessly is likely to cause accidents.粗心大意的驾驶可能导致车祸。His rude behavior caused him a lot of trouble.n. 原因;动机;(某种行为、感情等的)理由;缘故 Smoking is the biggest preventable cause of death and disease.在可以预防的引发死亡和疾病的因素当中，吸烟排在第一位。6.too much traffic/noise/rubbish/pollution too many cars/problems/flats/pupils pollute plu:t vt. 污染The air is heavily/seriously polluted. 空气被严重污染了。noise n. U 噪音；C声音noisy adj.noisily adv.Dont make a noise.或Dont make any noise. I cant stand（忍受）the _ in the classroom because its too_. They are talking _.7. population increase inkri:s n. nkri:s v. 增加，增大，增多 ; 增强，增进,提高an increase in population 人口增长The worlds population/The population of the world is still increasing. 8. That makes over 131.4 million births a year. 那就造成每年一亿三千一百四十万的婴儿出生。注意大数字的读法one hundred and thirty-one point four millionWhat makes a good League member?优秀的团员应具备什么样品质?give birth to sb. 生下某人9.分数的读法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1的时候，分母要加s五分之一： a/one fifth五分之二： two fifths四分之一： a/one fourth (a quarter)四分之三： three fourths (three quarters)二分之一： a/one second (a half)三分之二： two thirds分数/百分比+of+名词作主语，谓语动词取决于of后面的名词Three quarters of the earth is covered with water. 地球四分之三覆盖着水。One percent of the strawberries in the box have gone bad. 箱子里百分之一的草莓已经变质了。11. hang on a minute稍等 hang-hung-hungwait a minute= just a moment12. at the start/beginning of at the end of13. be free to do sth. 自由地做adj. 空闲的;免费的;免税的； She is fond of shopping in her free time. I have two free tickets. Would you like one? He got the suit for free. 他免费得到这套西装。14.that is,.即；就是；换句话说；更确切地说(表进一步解说)Unit2 Arnwick was a city with 200,000 people.1.Arnwick was a city with a population of 200,000.阿恩威克是一个20万人口的城市。(注意：population和people不连用)2.move to sp. (家)搬到 move sth. away 把移开、搬走The stone is in the way. Do you mind moving it away? 那块石头挡道了。你介意把它移开吗？ (mind doing介意某人干某事) moving adj. moved adj.The report in todays newspaper was so moving that everyone was moved to tears.今天报纸上的报道感人至深，每个人都感动得流泪了。3. have problems in doing sth.做某事有问题 solve problems 解决问题(1)problem是客观存在的问题，如 population/pollution/environmental/housing problem人口问题、污染问题、环境问题、住房问题math problems 数学问题(2)question是指疑难问题，需要解答的ask/answer questions 提问，回答问题quest kwest n.& v.They travelled in quest of gold.in quest of liberty/peace/adventure追求自由、追求和平(安宁)、追求冒险活动in the quest for truth/a bright future探索真理、追求光明的未来4. 实义动词的用法：有人称、数和时态的变化，即三单和一般过去式人做主语need sth./sb. need to do sthTo stay healthy, you need to do sports regularly and keep a balanced diet.为了保持健康，你需要有规律地运动并保持均衡的饮食。物做主语 need doing=need to be doneThe shoes need repairing.= The shoes need to be repaired.情态动词的用法：只用于否定或疑问句中-Need I rewrite the composition?我需要重写这篇文章吗？-No, you neednt/you dont have to.-Yes, you must. Sorry, you have to./Im afraid you have to.need n. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 谚患难见真情.Theres no need of/for money.不需要钱。Theres no need to set off so early.不需要这么早动身。5. in the city centre= in the centre of the city in the middle of 指一条线上的中间，这条线可以是空间也可以是时间。in the centre of 指一片区域的中心。英语拼法 (Br E)          美语拼法(Am E)公斤、千克kilogramme     kilogram方案、节目programme     program举止、行为behaviour         behavior颜色colour                      color特别喜爱的favourite          favorite风味flavour                      flavor荣誉honour                       honor劳动labour                       labor中心centre                  center纤维fibre                    fiber公尺metre                  meter剧场 theatre             theater组织organise                organize实现realise                    realize旅行 travelling                travelinggrey（灰色的） grayshop（商店） storeautumn(秋天) fallrailway（铁路） railroadholiday(假期) vacationfilm(电影) moviecinema(电影院) movie theatre6. a block of flats 一幢公寓大楼flat adj. 平的；单调的；不景气的；干脆的a flat tyre 一只瘪了的轮胎 a pair of flat shoes 一双平底鞋Youd better avoid lying flat. 你最好避免平卧。adv.7. become part of (became)8. be crowded with 挤满 be covered with铺满. be filled with.装满.充满.(1)The coach was crowded with passengers.(2)The fields were covered with snow and everything was white.(3)The bottle is filled with grape juice. The room is filled with smoke.9. local people/school/products 当地人，当地学校，土特产10. close down 关闭，倒闭11.It takes an hour to get there by bus. 12. clear adj. 清楚的，清晰的；清澈的；清醒的；晴朗的；v. 打扫，清除 clearly adv.(1)It is clear that he told a lie. 显而易见，他撒谎了。(2)The water is so clear that we can see plenty of fish swimming at the bottom of the stream. 溪水清澈见底，我们能看见许多鱼在游泳。(3)She needs a clear head to carry out her instructions. 她需要一个头脑清醒的人来执行自己的指令。(4)Dont cross the road until it is clear. (地方)畅通的，无阻碍的(5) On clear days, we can see most of London.(6)He is clearing the table after supper.吃过晚饭他正在收拾桌子。 (7)He opened his eyes round so that he could see the blackboard clearly. 他睁圆了双眼，为了能看清楚黑板。13. public services 公共设施 a public/private school 一个公立(私立)学校 Its rude to talk loudly on the phone in public.在公共场合下大声地打电话是很粗鲁的。14.The police are coming.警察们马上就到了。 15. in fact= actually 事实上，实际上16. describe v.Can you describe what your son looks like?17. the same as 反义词组 be different fromHer hairstyle is the same as yours. =She has the same hairstyle as you.她的发型和你的一样的。18. produce/make much rubbish制造(产生)很多垃圾19. make efforts to do sth. 尽力做某事=make an/every effort to do= try to do sth.20. protect against/fromIts a good idea to wear a hat to protect yourself against/from the bright sunshine21. air/water/environmental/noise pollution.大气污染，水污染，环境污染，噪音污染22.table 一般的表格 chart 有曲线变化或柱状分布的图表 diagram dagræm (文字为主)图解或一个圆分成好多份的那种23. health problem 健康问题 health care 健康保健24. face n. 面容；表面；脸；方面 v. 面对；面向；正视；承认(1)A strong wind was blowing right in my face. (2)We are all trying our best because no one would like to lose face. 全力以赴; 丢脸(3)Are you brave enough to face the problem alone?25.cut down 砍倒, 砍掉；减少(开支、文章字数等)(1) Cutting down too many trees is harmful to the environment. 滥砍滥伐对环境危害很大。(2)He tried to cut down on smoking and keep a balanced diet. 他尽量少吸烟，保持均衡的饮食(3) The article is too long. Please cut it down to 500 words. 请把它削减到500字。26.区别die of和die from (1) die of死于疾病(心脏病，癌症，发烧等); 或冻死、饿死、气死、过度悲伤、渴死、羞死eg: die of illness (heart trouble/disease, cancer, a fever, etc)/cold/ hunger /anger /grief/thirst /shame(2) die from死于事故(地震、交通事故、闪电、中风等)、污水、劳累过度、受伤eg: die from an accident(an earthquake, a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc)/polluted air /overwork /a wound(3)die out绝迹，消失；绝种；绝灭；淘汰Dinosaurs (恐龙) died out thousands of years ago. (4)die for sth. 渴望I'm dying for a breath of fresh air. 我非常渴望能呼吸到新鲜空气。She was dying to talk to Frank.她很想同弗兰克谈谈。27. as a resultHe worked hard at his lessons last term. As a result, he passed the exam easily. 28. daily use/life/papers daily adj. n. & adv.日常使用、日常生活、日报The visitor centre is open daily from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm. 游客中心每日上午8点至下午6点开放。29. be good for对有好处 be good to=be friendly/nice to对好(友好) be good at=do well in擅长.30.冠词和数词 见书本P130-132-第 3 页-