高中英语语法学习之名词必考知识点归纳.docx

高中英语语法学习之名词必考知识点归纳单项选择题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)Please give us plenty of notice if you have to cancel an.A . argumentB . appointmentC . assumptionD . assistance答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你取消一个约会，请及时通知我们。A.argument论证；B.appointment约会； Cassumption假定,设想；D.assistance帮助。由句意可知,应该是取消约会所以要及时通知我们，应选B。1、 Jim has changed a lot this year and has made a good on others.A . stressB . confusionC . impressionD . campus答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉姆今年变化很大，给别人留下了很好的印象。A.stress压力；B.confusion困惑； C.impression印象；D.campus校园。由前面的Jim has changed a lot可知，句子表示“吉姆今年变化很大，给 别人留下了很好的印象”，make a good impression on sb.是固定短语，意为“给某人留下很好的印象”，故 选CoYou shouldn1 t have been so rude to your friend. I think you owe him a(n).A . apologyB . favourC . debtD . attempt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你不应该对你的朋友那么粗鲁。我觉得你应该向他抱歉。A apology抱歉；B.A . contactB . routineC . virtueD . manners答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，当你进入购物商场或者银行时，员工会在入口按照惯例给你量体温。A.contact联系；B. routine惯例，常规；C. virtue道德，美德；D. manners礼貌。根据句子分析可知，此处表示“按照惯例，作为例行公事”，表达为as a matter of routineo应选Bo小提示：28、Though David received the from the school basketball team, he didn* t give up his dream andcontinued practicing hard.A . interactionB . companionshipC . cooperationD . rejection答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想，并继续努力练习。A. interaction 互动；B. companionship 友谊；C. cooperation 合作；D. rejection 拒绝。根据上下文的转折关系, 可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，拒绝（rejection）符合语境和句意，应选D。29、 The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music, for which he showed a particular.A . grew; preferenceB . was growing; interestC . grown; interestD . growing; preference答案：D解析：考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士乐有特殊 的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可以省 略，所以 while （he was） growingo preference （爱好,偏爱的事物）；interest （兴趣）。show a preference （表现出10偏爱）。根据 "The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music"可知,他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。应选Do30、- Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our ?-Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.A . hotelB . schoolC . factoryD . company答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：-一先生，您在我们酒店过得愉快吗？ -是的，我睡得很好，我喜欢早餐。A.hotel 宾馆；B.school 学校；C.factory 工厂；D pany 公司。根据 “I slept well and I like the breakfast."可知，住的是宾馆。应选A项。31、It took all day to transport the furniture to the newA . debateB . survivalC . civilizationD . apartment答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：把家具运到新公寓花了一整天的时间。A. debate辩论；B. survival生存；C.civilization文明；D. apartment公寓。根据空前"the furniture n可知,空处需用名词apartment,表示把家具 搬到公寓去。应选D。32、My first was to go straight to Henry and tell him my news, but on reflection I thought better of it.A . impulseB . baitC . bounceD . distinction答案：A解析：11 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一个冲动是直接去找亨利把我的消息告诉他，但经过深思熟虑，我改变了主 意。A. impulse 冲动；B. bait 诱饵；C. bounce 弹跳；D. distinction 差异。根据句意和句中 “but on reflection I thought better of it"可知，“我”之前的决定未经过深思熟虑,是冲动的做法，impulse意为“冲动”。应选 A项。33、Tom1 s parents1 behavior, as well as their words a key effect on him during the past twenty years.A . haveB . have hadC . has hadD . has答案：C解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的20年里，汤姆父母的行为和话语都对他有关键的影响。根据时间 状语"during the past twenty years51可知，句子谓语用现在完成时。当uas well asn并列主语时，谓语动词遵 循就远原那么，即和“behavior”保持一致，所以要用第三人称单数形式。应选C。34、We' ve had a few, but we' re still good friends.A . disagreeB . disagreesC . disagreementD . disagreements答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：我们有过一些分歧，但我们仍然是好朋友。分析句子可知，设空处单词在句中作宾语，应用 名词，“disagree”意为“不同意”，动词词性，故A和B排除，“disagreement”意为“分歧”，为可数名 词，句中“afew”意为“一些，几个”，后接可数名词复数形式，故空格处应用“disagreement”的复数形式"disagreements"。应选 D 项。35、 Is there anything else in that you1 d like to share with us?A . particularB . panicC . eagernessD . addition答案：A12解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有没有什么别的你特别要和我们提供的吗？ A. particular特别的，讲究的；B.panic恐慌；C.eagerness渴望；D. addition加法，相加，附加。固定短语in particular相当于副词表示“尤其 特别”，符合题意。in panic恐慌，in eagerness渴望地；inaddition此外,都可以排除。应选A项。36、While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already that prove the integration ofthese seemingly distinct disciplines is supporting students1 performance at school.A . featuresB . illustrationsC . picturesD . figures答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然STEAM学习的兴起相对较新，但已经有数据说明，将这些看似不同的学科整 合在一起，有助于学生在学校的表现。A. features特征；B. illustrations说明；C. pictures图画；D.figures数据。 根据 "that prove the integration of these seemingly distinct disciplines is supporting students1 performance at school.”可知，这些是通过数据说明的。应选D。37、We waited for them to give us the to move.A . symbolB . signalC . signD . mark答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们等待他们给我们移动的信号。A. symbol象征；B. signal信号；C. sign标志；D. mark记号。根据句意可知，句中指给我们移动的信号，“signal”意为“信号”，名词词性，符合语境。应选 B项。38、 That flood has been several times to prove that if s important to take preventive.A . referred to, actionsB . referred, measure13C . referred, actionD . referred to, measures答案：D解析：考查动词短语和名词词义辨析。句意：人们屡次提到那次洪水，以证明采取预防措施是很重要的。第一空表示 “提到，提及”应用短语refer to ；结合上文“it s important to take preventive”指采取预防措施，应用takemeasures,也可以说成 take actiono 应选 D。39、 Because of the tight and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of theirlunch break to finish homework.A . scheduleB . pressureC . performanceD . impression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于12年级的时间紧课业重，很多学生不得不利用午休时间完成作业。A.schedule时间表；B. pressure压力；C. performance表现；D. impression印象。由语意可知，很多学生不得不 利用午休时间完成作业，说明他们的时间安排紧张。应选A项。40、The also preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets whose owners hope they mayone day return to life.A . institutes . instanceC . intensityD . intention答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，它们的主人希望它们有朝一日 能复活。A.institute 研究所;B.instance 例子；C.intensity 强度；D.intention 打算。由 preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets"可知，是研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，空格处是“研14究所”，即institute,应选A。41、fine weather it is!A . What aB . How aC . WhatD . How答案：C解析：考查感叹句和连词。句意：今天多么好的天气呀！感叹句句式：How+adj+主语+谓语！ What+adj+n+主语+谓 语！ how是副词，修饰形容词或者副词作状语，what修饰名词，分析句子可知，修饰名词weather用what, 且weather是不可数名词，不能加不定冠词，应选C。42、 I have a strong for country life because it brings me peace in mind.A . benefitB . reliefC . preferenceD . defence答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对乡村生活有着强烈的喜好，因为它给我带来心灵的平和。A. benefit益处；B.relief慰藉；C. preference爱好，偏好;D. defence防御。由because引导的原因状语从句内容推断,这是“我” 喜欢、向往乡村生活的理由。应选C。43、 Dieting and exercising can bring your weight under control but you must stick to your plan with.A . insightB . perseveranceC . confirmationD . achievement答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：节食和锻炼可以控制你的体重，但你必须用毅力坚持你的计划。A. insight洞察力， 领悟；B. perseverance 毅力；C. confirmation 证明，证实；D. achievement 成就。由空前 “you must stick to your plan”可知，因为要坚持计划，所以空处需用名词perseverance,表示用毅力坚持计划。应选B。1544、Police have arrested a in a series of killing in the city.A . suspectB . conflictC . virus答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方在该市的一系列谋杀案中逮捕了嫌疑犯。Asuspect嫌疑犯；B.conflict矛盾； C.virus病毒。根据ua series of killing in the city",可知此处是指抓到了一个嫌疑犯。应选A。45、The gained from this experience has invested my life with new meaning.A . departureB . insightC . proofD . setting答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这次经历中获得的领悟在我的生命中赋予了新的意义。A. departure离开；B.insight领悟;C. proof证据；D. setting环境；背景。根据new meaning可知，insight “领悟”符合句意。应选 Bo46、There are people in the cinema.A . two hundredB . two hundredsC . two hundred of答案：A解析：考查数词。句意：电影院里有两百个人。用hundred (百)表确切数字修饰名词时，hundred不可变为复数形 式，且不需介词就可直接修饰名词。应选A。47、These measures have been taken with a (n) to increasing the company's profits.A . viewB . intentionC . purposeD . aim16答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：采取这些措施是为了增加公司的利润。A. view打算；目的；B. intention意图；目 的；C. purpose目的；D. aim目标；目的。短语with a view to表示“为了 ；指望”，是固定搭配,而其他选项 没有这样的搭配。应选A。48、The beauty of the scenery of West Lake is beyond.A . collectionB . selectionC . descriptionD . tradition答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：西湖风景之美是无法形容的。A.collection收集；B. selection选择;C. description 描述；D. tradition传统。根据uthe scenery of West Lake"可知,此处表示西湖的美景无法形容,beyond description为固定短语，意为“难以形容”。应选C。49、The police offered a $200 for any information leading to the arrest of the murderer.A . awardB . priceC . rewardD . prize答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方悬赏200美元悬赏，以获取可以抓捕凶手的任何信息。A. award奖品、授予； B. price价格；C. reward悬赏金、报酬；D. prize奖品、重要人物。分析语境可知，空格处用reward表示“悬 赏金、报酬”符合语境。应选c项。50、Laziness is the of his failure.A . reasonB . causeC . excuseD . way17解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：懒惰是他失败的原因。A. reason原因；B. cause原因；C. excuse借口 ； D. way方 法。reason说明某种行为或看法的理由，后接介词for ； cause说明某种事实或现象的原因，后接介词。f。故 选B。51、 Procrastination can often pose to people' s ability their goals successfully, which is evident,for example, in the fact that it is associated with receiving worse grades at school.A . a question of pursuingB . an obstacle to pursueC . a dilemma to pursueD . a hindrance to pursuing答案：B解析：考查名词和非谓语。句意：拖延症往往会给人们成功追求目标的能力带来阻碍，这一点很明显，例如，拖延症 与学校成绩较差有关。A.a question of pursuing ”问题；追求" B.an obstacle to pursue "阻碍；追求“ C.a dilemma to pursue "困境；追求" D.a hindrance to pursuing "阻碍；追求” o 固定搭配 one's ability to do sth “某人的做某事的能力”，故排除选项A和D。在根据句意，拖延症是会阻碍成功的。应选B。52、We' II never forget the Zhong Nanshan has made to the fight against COVID-19.A . pressB . donationsC . contributionsD . efforts答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出的贡献。A.press新闻界； B.donations捐赠；C.contributions贡献；D.efforts努力。根据常识可知，我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠 肺炎疫情作出的贡献，空格处意为“贡献”，应选C。53、Your suggestions are far from worthless and they make a good deal of to me.18A . differenceB . senseC . influenceD . meaning答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的建议绝非毫无价值，对我来说很有意义。A. difference差异；B. sense意义； 理解力；C. influence影响；D. meaning意思。短语make a good deal of sense to sb表示“对某人很有意义”。 应选Bo54、I have a sore throat today!-You1 d better take advantage of the tea break to go to.A . chemisf sB . the chemistC . the chemist1 sD . the chemists,答案：C解析：考查所有格的省略及固定用法。句意：今天我喉咙好痛。你最好利用茶歇时间去一下药店。chemist 为“药剂师，药师”，在英语中，人们惯常用goto the chemist，s这一用法来表达“去药店”，这其实是一 个省略结构，完整的结构是go to the chemist' sshop （去药师的店铺），省略时注意仅去掉shop,保存定冠 词the且chemist用单数（固定用法），综上此题选C。55、We should make joint efforts, for your contribution will make a to the cause of peace.A . differenceB . determinationC . commentD . challenge答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该共同努力，因为你的贡献将对和平事业产生影响。A. difference区分，不 同；B. determination决心；C. comment评论；D. challenge挑战。结合句意可知，此处为固定短语：make a difference “有影响，有关系”。应选A。19 favour偏爱；C. debt债务；D. attempt试图。根据uso rude to your friend"可知，此处应该是因为对朋友的 不礼貌而向他抱歉。应选A项。4、 Because of the tight and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunchbreak to finish homework.A . scheduleB . investigationC . performanceD . impression答案:A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A. schedule 日程安排；B. investigation 调查；C. performance 表现；D. impression 印象。根据 "heavy workload of Grade 12n可知，高三年级日程安排紧张。应选A项。5、The of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist.A . decorationB . constructionC . competitionD . combination答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：辣、咸、甜、酸的混合口味使宫保鸡丁难以抗拒。A.decoration装饰；B.construction建造； Ccompetition竞争;D bination结合。设空处在句中作主语,结合句意和空后的uof spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavoursn可知，此处是指几种口味的结合。应选D。6、 I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl and she has changed beyond.A . generationB . recognitionC . investigationD . graduation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从萨拉小时候就没见过她了，她已经变得认不出来了。A.generation 一代（人）256、The first warning was from a station further in the harbor telling me to stop, that we wereapproaching danger.A . sighB . signC . signalD . image答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一个警告来自港口远处的一个信号站，告诉我停下来，我们正接近危险。A.sigh 叹气，叹息；B.sign签名，迹象，符号；C.signal信号灯；（无线电）讯号，信号；D.image形象，印象。根据 句意和各项词义,signal station,意为“信号站”，能对来往船只发出危险、警告等信号，signal作station的 定语，符合语境，应选C项。57、 The curious girl looked at the box and then she opened it out of.A . curious, curiousB . curiously, curiosityC . curiously, curiousD . curiosity, curiously答案：B解析：考查词副词和名词。句意：这个好奇的女孩好奇地看了看盒子，然后出于好奇把它翻开了。A.curious好奇的； curious 好奇的；B.curiously 好奇地，curiosity 好奇心；C. curiously 好奇地,curious 好奇的；D.curiosity 好奇心, curiously好奇地。分析句子结构可知，第一空应填写副词修饰动词looked ；根据“out of”可知，第二空应填 写名词,out of curiosity意为“出于好奇”，应选B。58、Many teenagers want to be like Zhong Nanshan when they grow up.A . writersB . engineersC . doctorsD . cleaners答案：C20考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多青少年长大后想成为钟南山那样的医生。A. writers作家；B. engineers工程师；C. doctors医生；D. cleaners清洁工。根据"like Zhong Nanshan"可知，此处表示想成为医生。应选Co59、The boy gives the policeman a of what happened in the accident.A . descriptionB . describee . descriptiveD . descriptively答案：A解析：考查词义辨析。句意：那个男孩向警察描述了事故发生的经过。A.description描述，词性为名词；B.describe 描述，词性为动词;C.descriptive描写的；表达的；为形容词；D.descriptively表达地,为副词。结合题干设 空前的冠词，所以此处要用名词。应选A。60、Last week his performance secured him the for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival.A . rewardB . prizeC . awardD . bonus答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：上周，他的表演为他赢得了好莱坞电影节的年度最正确男演员奖。reward “报酬；奖 励" ；prize “奖金” ；award ”奖；奖品” ；bonus “额外津贴；红利”，根据下文“for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival"可知，此处说的是“好莱坞电影节的年度最正确男演员奖”，应选C。61、 Thanks to the of the experienced worker, we completed the difficult task on time.A . potentialB . bonusC . bugD . guidance答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经验丰富的工人的指导下，我们按时完成了艰巨的任务。A.potential潜力； B.bonus奖金；C.bug故障；D.guidance指导。结合句意中，经验丰富的工人，可知guidance “指导”，符合21句意，应选择D项。62、Try to keep a between work and relaxation.A . healthB . balanceC . fitD . balanced答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：努力在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。A.health健康；B.balance平衡；C.fit健 康的；D.balanced平衡的。a后跟名词作宾语，由between work and relaxation可知，句子说“努力在工作和 休闲之间保持平衡”，因此空格处是“平衡”，即balance, keep a balance betweenand.是固定短语，意为“在和之间保持平衡”，应选B。63、Is money the of a happy life?A . basisesB . basicC . basisD . based答案：C解析：考查名词。句意：金钱是幸福生活的基础吗？ A. basises名词，basis的复数形式，意为“基础” ；B. basic形容词，意为“基本的；基础的” ；C. basis名词，意为“基础”；D. based形容词，意为“在居住（或工作） 基地（或总部）在；为基础的“。the basis of的基础，用名词的单数形式。应选C。64、According to the picture, you can go there.22A . when you want to have a restB . when you want to buy somethingC . when you want something to drink答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：根据图片，你可以去那里。图片中文字意思：厕所、休息室。A.当你想休息时；B.当 你想买东西时；C.当你想喝点东西时。可知当你想休息时，你可以去那里。应选A。65、The government has announced a new to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions.A . advisorB . budgetC . initiativeD . perspective答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府宣布了一项新举措，以帮助减少温室气体的排放。A. advisor顾问；B. budget 预算;C. initiative 建议；新方案；D. perspective 态度。根据 “announced" 及"to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions"可知，initiative “建议；新方案”符合句意。应选C。66、 It was discovered that children dislike watching their siblings fight. In fact, they respond to bysupporting one sibling and pushing the other.A . commentsB . reflectionsC . argumentsD . occasions答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们发现孩子们不喜欢看兄弟姐妹打架。事实上，他们对争吵的反响是支持兄弟姐 妹中的一个，并且排挤另一个。A. comments评论；B. reflections反思，反射；C. arguments争吵；D.occasions场合，机会。根据前文“fight”和句意可知，此处指对“争吵”的反响。应选C项。2367、Before getting on a coach, a train or plane, you must have the of your bag checked to make sure youaren' t carrying any dangerous things.A . detailsB . contentsC . ingredientsD . entrances答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上长途汽车、火车或飞机之前，你必须检查一下包里的东西，以确保你没有携带 任何危险物品。A. details细节；B. contents内容，所容纳之物；C ingredients原料;D.entrances入口。由语 意可知，为了确保没有携带危险物品，你必须检查包里所装的东西。应选B项。68、The of penicillin is very helpful in fighting against bacteria.A . generationB . statisticC . nutritionD . discovery答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：青霉素的发现对对抗细菌很有帮助。A. generation 一代；B. statistic统计；C. nutrit