高中英语语法学习之名词专项训练题.docx

高中英语语法学习之名词专项训练题单项选择题（经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品）1、 Knowing the great of education on people' s life,he set up a school in 2016 to help children inremote areas to receive an education.A . sourceB . qualityC . advanceD . impact答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。句意：知道教育对人们生活的巨大影响，他在2016年创办了一所学校，帮助偏远地区的儿童 接受教育。A.source源头；B. quality质量；C. advance进步；D. impact影响。根据句意可知，他在偏远地区 创立了一所学校是因为他知道教育对人们生活有着巨大的影响，impacton ”对有影响”。应选D。2、We had chemistry in the newly built lab.以上句子中 chemistry 的成分是：A .主语B .谓语C .宾语D .状语答案：C解析：考查句子成分。句意：我们在新建的实验室里上化学课。分析句子可知，chemistry在这里作谓语动词had的 宾语，意为“化学课”。应选Co3、In less than one minute, a large city lay in.A . rescueB . regardsC . ruinsD . request答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不到一分钟，一座大城市就变成了一片废墟。A. rescue营救；B. regards问候；C.A . distinctionB . discriminationC . descriptionD . determination答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：杀死伊芙女演员吴珊卓(Sandra Oh)是首位获得金球奖的亚洲女性。A.distinction 荣誉,勋章；B. discrimination 区别，歧视；C. description 描述，描写；D. determination 决心，果 断。这是一个Award (奖项)，她成为首位获得此奖的亚洲女性，显而易见是一种荣誉，仅有A契合语境，故 选Ao28、Tom always turns to his father for help and he has absolute in his father.A . campaignB . cautionC . confidenceD . collection答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：汤姆总是向他的父亲寻求帮助，他对他的父亲有绝对的信心。A. campaign运动；B. caution 谨慎；C. confidence 自信；D. collection 收藏品。根据上文"Torn always turns to his father for help" 可知，汤姆对他的父亲有绝对的信心，have confidence in sb.表示“对某人有信心”。应选C。29、Safety should be a in any industry and it should come as no surprise that addressing safety issuesearly can actually save money, long-term, for companies.A . priorityB . paceC . poseD . peak答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在任何行业中，平安都应该是优先考虑的问题，对于公司来说，尽早解决平安问题 实际上可以长期节省资金，这一点也不奇怪。A. priority优先；B. pace速度；C. pose姿势；D. peak山峰。根 据前后文"Safety should be a in any industry”指平安是优先考虑的问题，应用priohty。应选A。1030、It is a great for me to work as a volunteer for the 2022 Winter Olympic.A . signalB . functionC . honorD . agreement答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为2022年冬奥会的志愿者，我感到非常荣幸。A. signal信号；B. function功能；C. honor 荣幸；D. agreement 同意。根据"work as a volunteer for the 2022 Winter Olympic."可知，能够成为 2022年冬奥会的志愿者感到荣幸。应选C。31、Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, and acceptance.A . rejectionB . equationC . impressionD . companionship答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过和一些对我们很重要的人进行交往，我们获得了平安感、爱情、友谊和认可。A.rejection 拒绝；B.equation 等同；C.impression 印象；D panionship 友谊、情谊。根据 "a sense of security, love, and acceptance n可知，我们获得了平安感、爱情、友谊和认可。应选D项。32、It is clear that in modern society high and demands are placed on students.A . motivationsB . expectationsC . opportunitiesD . achievements答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，现代社会对学生有很高的期望和要求。A.motivations动机；B .expectations 期望；C. opportunities 机会；D . achievements 成就。根据 u demands"可知,现代社会对学生有很高的期望和要求。应选B项。1133、Here is a memo for your when you answer the phones.A . consultantB . recommendationC . recognitionD . reference答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一份备忘录，您接 时可以参考。A. consultant顾问；B. recommendation 推荐；C. recognition识别；D. reference参考。根据上文“Here is a memo for your"指将备忘录作为接 的 参考，应用referenceo应选Do34、一 Whaf s the matter? He, s been walking around with.He failed the examination.A . a long faceB . a wide faceC . a straight faceD . a good face答案：A解析：考查名词短语辨析。句意：一有什么事吗?他一直愁眉苦脸地走来走去。一他考试不及格。A. a long face板着 脸,愁眉苦脸；B. a wide face 一张宽的脸；C. a straight face没有表情的脸，一本正经的脸；D. a good face好 的相貌。由语意可知，他考试不及格导致他愁眉苦脸。应选A项。35、His rude behavior was really a, which made his friends embarrassed.A . virtueB . visionC . leisureD . disgrace答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的粗鲁行为真是一种耻辱，使他的朋友们感到尴尬。A. virtue美德，德行；B.vision 视力,视觉；C. leisure 闲暇；D. disgrace 耻辱，丢脸。根据空后"which made his friends embarrassed" 可知，因为让朋友们感到尴尬，由此可知，他的行为是一种耻辱。应选D。1236、Norman Bethune is one of in China, but he wasn1 t Chinese he was Canadian.A . most famous heroesB . the most famous herosC . most famous herosD . the most famous heroes答案：D解析：考查形容词最高级和名词的数。句意：诺尔曼白求恩是中国最著名的英雄之一，但他不是中国人他是加拿 大人。此处为one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数结构，表示“最之一" ；famous最高级在前面加the mosto 应选 Do37、My parents, words had a great on37、My parents, words had a great onme. I decided to make everyto learn English well.A . effect; effortB . effort; effectC . creativity; punishmentD . punishment; creativity答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父母的话对我产生了很大的影响。我决定尽一切努力学好英语。A. effect; effort 影响；努力；B. effort; effect 努力；影响；C. creativity; punishment 创造力；惩罚；D. punishment; creativity 惩 罚；创造力。分析句子可知,此处为固定短语have an effect on sb.,意为“对有影响；对起作用,产生效 果”。make efforts to do sth.意为“竭尽全力做某事”句中every （每一个；每个）修饰名词单数形式。应选A。38、I like reading poems, because poems can certain.A . convey; emotionB . convey; emotionsC . express; emotionsD . explain; emotions答案：B解析：13 考查动词和名词。句意：我喜欢读诗，因为诗歌能够表达特定的情感。A/B/C/D四个选项中的convey和 emotion意为“传递；传达”和“情感；情绪”。第一个空格处由前面的情态动词应填写动词原形，第二个空 格根据句意可知，不同诗歌传达的应是不同的情感，故应填写复数形式的名词。应选B项。39、The method seemed to work, as I gained the respect of my, peers, and subordinates.A . alumniB . internsC . colleaguesD . seniors答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种方法似乎奏效了，因为我赢得了长辈、同龄人和下属的尊重。A.alumni校友；B interns 实习生；C. colleagues 同事；D. seniors 长辈。根据后面 peers （同龄人）and subordinates （下属）， 可知此处应该是“长辈”。应选D项。40、 Xingyi is one of the most beautiful in Guizhou.A . citiesB . cityC . snackD . snacks答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴义是贵州最美丽的城市之一。city :城市；snack :小吃。根据one of +名词复数, 排除B, C,再由句意选择A。41、Brought up by parents who are both devoted doctors, he has high for medical professionals and theirwork.A . regardB . attitudeC . establishmentD . wisdom答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：被两个有奉献精神的医生父母养大，他对医生职业和他们的工作极为尊敬。14A.regard 尊敬；B.attitude 态度；C.establishment 建立；D.wisdom 智慧。根据"Brought up by parents who are both devoted doctors"可知，他对医生和他们的工作极为尊敬。应选A。42、Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A more than twiceB . twice as many asC . as twice as manyD . more than twice as many答案：D解析：考查倍数表达法。句意：美国人现在吃的蔬菜是他们在1910年吃的蔬菜的2倍多。根据句子结构和意思可知, 这里考查倍数表达法，倍数要放在比拟结构as+adj.+n.+as的前面，被修饰的名词vegetables是可数名词复数 形式，所以用many, “2倍多”用more than twice表达。应选D。43、Zhanguimei's selfless to the cause of education is well known, and all her students respect and loveher.A . faultB . complexityC . devotionD . agony答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：张桂梅对教育事业的无私奉献是众所周知的，她的所有学生都尊敬爱戴她。A. fault 过错;B. complexity难题；C. devotion奉献；D. agony极大的痛苦。根据句中的“selfless（无私的）”可知，“devotion（奉献）”符合句意。应选C。44、On your way to New York William will keep you if you don5 t want to be lonely.A . companyB . companionC . safetyD . friend答案：A 解析:15 考查名词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：在你去纽约的路上，威廉将会陪着你如果你不想太孤单的话。A.company陪伴；B. companion同伴；C.safety平安；D.friend朋友。根据句意可知,固定搭配keep one's company意为“陪伴某人”最合适。应选A。45、 We have moved into a three-room flat so far. Our room is between.A . Mary1 s and Helen' sB . Mary and Helent sC . Mary and HelenD . Mary' s and Helen答案：A解析：考查名词所有格。句意：目前，我们已经搬进了一个三居的公寓。我们的房间就在Mary和Helen的中间。根 据前句a three-room flat （三居的公寓），可知有三间卧室，我们和Mary以及Helen每人一间卧室，所以我 们的房子才能在她们俩人的之间（between）。A项表示Mary和Helen分别有一间卧室。应选A项。46、 The organization has grown enormously since its in 1955.A . libertyB . divisionC . appointmentD . foundation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织自1955年成立以来开展迅速。A.liberty自由；B. division分开、分配； C.appointment 约定；D.foundation 建立。根据上文"The organization has grown enormously（这个组织开展迅 速）”可知，该组织自1955年成立以来开展迅速。应选D。47、If we had taken such effective much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now.A . treasuresB . effortsC . measuresD . concerns16解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们早采取这么有效的措施，这条河现在就不会被污染的这么严重了。A. treasures 财产；珍宝；B. efforts 努力；C. measures 措施；D. concerns 关心。根据 “the river would not be polluted so seriously now."可知,这里要表达的是采取措施,应选C项。48、are kept on the firm for their meat or milk.A . 200 head cattleB . 200 head of cattleC . 200 head cattlesD . 200 heads of cattle答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：该公司饲养了 200头牛以获取肉或奶。表示牲畜的头数，用单位词head,单复数同形， cattle “牛”是集体名词，单复数同形，200 head of cattle表示“200头牛”。应选B。49、 Genius is one percent and ninety-nine percent perspiration.A . collectionB . orientationC . inspirationD . resource答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。A. collection聚集；B. orientation 方向；信仰;C. inspiration 灵感；D. resource 资源。根据"and ninety-nine percent perspiration."可知，天才 需要灵感，但更多的是汗水。应选C。50、Not knowing what the future will bring hardly seems a(n)for doing nothing.A . argumentB . resourceC . performanceD . authority答案：A17解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不知道未来会发生什么并不是什么都不做的理由。Argument理由；B.resource资 源；C. performance表演；D. authority当权者。根据"for doing nothing.n可知,不知道未来会发生什么并不 是什么都不做的理由。应选A项。小提示：51、 During the trip to London, what left me the deepest was St. Paul' s Cathedral built many years ago.A . impressionB . panicC . resourceD . impact答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的是多年前修建的圣保罗大教堂。A.impression 印象；B. panic 恐慌；C. resource 资源；D. impact 影响。根据句中 “the trip to London"和 uSt.PauL s Cathedral"可知，句中陈述的是“圣保罗大教堂”是伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的景点， “impression”意为“印象”，名词词性，符合句意。应选A项。52、His natural and wisdom made him very popular among the colleagues.A . charityB . chainC . charmD . chart答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他天生的魅力和智慧使他在同事中很受欢迎。A.charity慈善机构；B.chain链条；C. charm魅力；D. chart图表。根据“wisdom”可知，他天生的魅力和智慧使他在同事中很受欢迎。应选C项。53、Our main task at the moment is to provide a for the survivors of the disaster-hit areas.A . routeB . concernC . shelterD . schedule答案：C18解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们目前的主要任务是，为受灾地区的幸存者提供庇护所。A.route路线； B.concern 关心；C.shelter 避难所,住所;D.schedule 时间表。根据句中 for the survivors of the disaster-hit areas可知，此处指给受灾地区的幸存者提供住所。应选C。54、Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, were reaching the of their adolescence.A . crisisB . criterionC . causalityD . credibility答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现年15岁的乔治和青少年的的露西亚正处于青春的“危机期”。A.crisis危机； B.criterion标准；Ccausality因果关系；D.credibility可靠性。根据句意和选项可知，他们都处于青春期,有青 春期的问题，所以应选危机。应选A项。55、Our class held a fierce as to whether to reduce the amount of homework or not.A . bargainB . contestC . debateD . campaign答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们班就是否减少家庭作业进行了激烈的辩论。A. bargain减价品，廉价货；B.contest比赛，竞赛；C. debate辩论,讨论；D. campaign（有计划的）活动,运动。根据主语为“Our class（我们 班）”以及后文“whether to reduce the amount of homework or not（是否要减少作业量）”可知，此处应是一场 班级内部的辩论。应选C项。56、 It's a pity that her suggestion met with.A . rejectionB . expectationC . distinctionD . cooperation答案：A19ruins废墟；D. request要求。根据ua large city lay"可知，在一分钟之内，城市应该变为废墟。应选C项。4、I wanted to pay the train, but my friend insisted. Finally I had to.A . fee; give upB . fare; give inC . money; give outD . fare; give away答案：B解析：考查名词和动词短语词义辨析。句意：我想付火车票，但我的朋友坚持要我付。最后我不得不让步。A.fee费 用;give up 放弃；B. fare 车费;give in 让步；C. money 金钱;give out 分发；D. fare 车费;give away 赠送。train fare火车票费用。根据Ubut my friend insisted."可知，朋友坚持付车票钱，所以作者不得不让步。应选B。5、The event didn* t live up to.A . expectedB . unexpectedC . expectationsD . expecting答案：C解析：考查名词的数。句意：这次活动辜负了人们的期望。live up t。expectations达至ij预期，不负所望，用复数名词 expectations,应选 Co6、Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose is to remind groupmembers to identify their sources.A . dutyB . implicationC . meansD . operation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了组织者让团队成员同意一个共同的目的和一个方便的时间和地点外，团队成员通常扮演着寻找信息源的角色，其职责是提醒团队成员识别他们的信息源。A. duty职责；B. implication影响；2解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：太遗憾了，她的建议遭到反对。A.rejection反对;B.expectation期待；C.distinction差异；D.cooperation合作。根据"It's a pity that ”可知建议遭到反对。应选A。57、 We all know that a good sleeping bag is a necessary part of every camper' s.A experimentB . entertainmentC . equipmentD . settlement答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道一个好的睡袋是每个露营者必备的装备。A.experiment实验； B.entertainment娱乐；C.equipment装备；D.settlement定居点。睡袋对露营者来说是一件装备，因此空格处 是 equipment, 应选 C。58、The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly.A . atmosphereB . adventureC . astronomyD . agriculture答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个国家的领导人在友好的气氛中进行了会谈。A. atmosphere气氛；B. adventure 冒险；C. astronomy天文学；D. agriculture农业。在句中构建的情境下，显然只有用atmosphere表示“（友 好的）气氛”是合理的。应选A项。59、 Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this out of the long-existing discrimination.A . conceptB . assessmentC . identityD . personality答案：C解析：20 考查名词词义辨析。句意：男护士很难被雇佣到是因为许多男性出于长期存在的歧视而抵抗这个身份。A.concept 观念；B. assessment 评估，评价；C. identity 身份；D. personality 个性，品格。根据空前 “Male nurses are difficult to hire"及空后"out of the long-existing discrimination"可知，很多男性抵抗男护士这个 身份。应选C项。60、 r m writing to ask you to do me a.A . trunkB . favourC . conceptD . counter答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写信是想请你帮我一个忙。A. trunk树干；B. favour帮助；C concept概念；D. counter 柜台。根据上文 T m writing to ask you to do me a"指帮某人一个忙，应用 do sb. a favouro 应选 Bo61、After a careful survey, the hurricane of the house, which was not that severe, compared withneighboring ones, was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars.A . effectsB . damageC . ruinsD . crash答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过仔细的调查，飓风对这所房子的破坏，与邻近的房子相比并不严重，估计为 1000 美元。A. effects 影响；B. damage 损害、损坏；C. ruins 废墟；D. crash 撞车。根据"was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars"可知此处在评估飓风对这所房子的破坏程度，应选B。62、While girls in general lack, boys often overestimate their abilities.A . confidenceB . challengeC . impressionD . intelligence答案：A 解析:21 考查名词词义辨析。句意：女孩通常缺乏自信，而男孩往往高估自己的能力。A. confidence自信；B. challenge 挑战；C. impression 印象；D. intelligence 智力。根据 "While” 和 “boys often overestimate their abilities."可 知，男孩和女孩进行比照，女孩缺乏自信。应选A。63、There is an obvious between the cultures of the West and East.A . contentB . contrastC . contractD . contact答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。A.content内容；B. contrast差异，比照； C.contract合同；D.contact联系。根据“ the West and East. ”可知，东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。故 选B项。小提示：64、 There is a nice picture in the little bedroom. She likes it very much.A . girIB . girlsC . girl1 sD . girls1答案：C解析：考查名词所有格。句意：小女孩的卧室里有一张漂亮的照片。她非常喜欢它。根据句意和空格后“bedroom” 可知，空格处应用名词所有格，表示“小女孩的卧室"，根据句中“She”可知，句中指一个小女孩，故排除 B和D,单数名词的所有格直接在名词后加“s"，故空格处应填“girs”，意为“女孩的”。应选C项。65、 The lucky man had a narrow in series of accidents the other day.A . escapeB . claimC . lackD . limit答案：A22 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天前，这个幸运的人在一系列事故中死里逃生。A. escape逃离；B. claim声称；C. lack缺乏；D. limit限制。根据lucky man,此处描述男人是幸运的，所以是男人逃离了事故，A项符合句意, 应选A项。66、We saw a flock of sparrows and Dad said that they had a wide throughout the country.A . distributionB . possessionC . professionD . platform答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们看到一群麻雀，爸爸说它们广泛分布在全国各地。A. distribution分布，分发；B. possession 拥有,持有；C. profession 职业；D. platform 平台。结合空后的 “throughout the country"可知, 此处指它们分布在全国各地。应选A项。67、He received an for the role he played.A . awardB . permissionC . strengthD . debt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因所扮演的角色而获奖。A.award奖；B.permission许可；C.strength优点； D.debt债。根据ufor the role he played."可知，他因角色获奖了，应选A。小提示：68、 Some cyclists make the that traffic laws do not them. It is not true, though.A . assumption; apply toB . thought; apply toC . assuming; apply forD . idea; apply for答案：A23解析: 考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：一些骑自行车的人认为交通法规不适用于他们。但事实并非如此。A.assumption 认为；apply to 适用；B. thought 想法；apply to 适用；C. assuming 认为(动名词)；apply for 申 请；D. idea想法；apply for申请。根据句意,第一空应填名词assumption “认为”作宾语，that引导的同位 语从句对其进行解释说明；第二空，表示“适用”为固定短语applyto。应选A。69、Through that "window of the souln , the eye, I can only “see” through my fingertips the of a face.A . criticismB . outlineC . gentlenessD . pace答案：B