高中英语语法学习之名词考点精题训练.docx

高中英语语法学习之名词考点精题训练单项选择题（经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品）1、Mr. Brown thought it would be a good idea to have from his workers to improve his plan.A summariesB . admissionsC . commentsD . connections答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：布朗先生认为征求工人们的意见以改进他的计划是个好主意。A. summaries总结； B. admissions 准许进入；C. comments 意见，评论；D. connections 连接。根据 “from his workers to improve his plan/,可知，此处表示征求工人们的意见以改进他的计划。应选C。2、The stronger the is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.A . motivationB . contributionC . pressureD . possibility答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个人学习外语的动力越强，他就会学得越快。A. motivation动力；B. contribution 贡献；C. pressure 压力；D. possibility 可能性。根据后文"the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language"可知，此处指学习外语的动力越强,就学得越快,应用motivation。应选A。3、A popular saying goes, “It is easier to change the of a river than a person, s nature."A . sourceB . courseC . textureD . perception答案：A解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：俗话说：“改变河流的源头比改变一个人的本性更容易。" A. source起源，资源；A . resentment.formalB . company . . .formerC . hatred.formalD . virtue.former答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者（书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的；B pany同伴,former前者（的）；C.hatred 憎恨，formal 正式的；D.virtue 美德，former 前者（的）。根据 uBe as careful of the books you read”可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选“同伴” ,根据“the latter”可知，第二空将前者和后 者进行比照，所以选“前者”，应选B。28、The program is aimed to give the people in the countryside to safe drinking water.A . accessB . passageC . wayD . approach答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析和短语。句意：这个工程目标是给农村人提供使用平安饮水的机会。Aaccess接触； B.passage通道；C.way方式;D.approach方法。根据access to （使用.的机会）可知空格处填access。故 选Ao29、The age of the students ranged from 17 to 21 with a （n）of 19.A . averageB . usualC . normalD . regular答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生的年龄从17岁到21岁不等，平均年龄为19岁。A. average平均；B. usual通 常；C. normal正常；D. regular常客，主力。结合“from 17 to 21”可知，此处指“平均年龄是19岁”，应选10A项。30、He is a wonderful of mine and we can talk for hours on end.A . componentB . committeeC . communityD . companion答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我的好伙伴，我们可以连续谈上几个小时。A. component组成局部；B.committee 委员会；C. community 社区；D. companion 同伴。根据前文 “He” 及后文 “we can talk for hours on end"可知,此处指“同伴；伙伴”。应选D项。31、You should have asked for your parents' before you go out for a whole night.A . permissionB . excitementC . admissionD . encouragement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你出去整晚之前应该征得你父母的许可。A. permission许可；B. excitement激动；C. admission 成认；D. encouragement 鼓励。根据空后 “ before you go out for a whole night.” 可知，因为要 外出待一整晚，所以空处需用名词permission,表示获得父母的许可。应选A。32、They put an in a newspaper looking for rock musicians.A . mapB . advertiseC . informationD . advertisement答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在报纸上登广告寻找摇滚音乐家。A. map地图；B. advertise登广告；C.information信息;D. advertisement广告。由空后"looking for rock musicians"可知，此处表示登广告寻找摇 滚音乐家，不定冠词an后需接名词advertisement。应选D。1133、 Primary school teachers use a lot of aids in their class activities to make their teaching easier.A . medicalB . visualC . firstD . band答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical 医疗的；B. visual视觉的；C. first第一的；D. band乐队。根据"Primary school teachers ”可知，小学老师需 要使用视觉教具。应选B。34、一 What's the common of dealing with youth crime in your area?一Generally, education comes first.A . processB . procedureC . performanceD . practice答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你们那里处理青少年犯罪的通常的做法是什么？通常，教育为先。 process过程；procedure程序，步骤；performance表现；practice惯常做的事,习惯，习俗,通常的做法。根据下文“education comes first”可知，此处询问处理青少年犯罪的通常的做法。应选D。35、 During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.A . permissionB . effortC . exceptionD . access答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疾病大流行期间，所有患者及其家属，无一例外，在进入医院前都必须携带身份 证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可；B. effort努力；C. exception例外；D. access通道。根据句意和句12中“all patients and their families”可知，句中强调的是所有患者及其家属，无一例外，“exception”意为 “例外”，名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。应选C项。36、If the temperature is below O'C, water will turn into in the open air.A . iceB . steamC . fogD . rain答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果温度低于0摄氏度，水在户外就会结冰。A. ice冰；B. steam蒸气；C. fog雾； D. rain雨。根据常识可知，在户外，气温低于。度，水就会结冰。应选A。37、 How to raise the awareness of environmental protection has become one of the most important tobe discussed next meeting.A errorsB . performancesC . issuesD . behaviors答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如何提高环保意识已成为下次会议要讨论的最重要的问题之一。A. errors错误；B. performances表演；C. issues问题，重要议题；D. behaviors行为。根据句意和句中"How to raise the awareness of environmental protection"可知，“如何提高环保意识”应该是会议上要讨论的问题，“issue” 意为“问题，重要议题”，符合语境，"oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，意为“最之一”，故 空格处用“issue”的复数形式“issues”。应选C项。38、Plastic bags are not allowed in our town in a(n)to help the environment.A . attemptB . stuffC . depthD . disaster答案：A13 考查名词词义辨析。句意：力图帮助环境，在我们镇上不允许使用塑料袋。A. attempt试图；B. stuff材料；C. depth深度；D. disaster灾难。根据前后文的意思可知用in an attempt表示“力图、试图”符合句意。应选A 项。39、With only five minutes left from the end, the of the close match was still in doubt.A . cooperationB . opponentC . outcomeD . outline答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：距离比赛结束只有5分钟了，这场势均力敌的比赛结果仍不明朗。A. cooperation 合作;B. opponent对手；C. outcome结果；outline轮廓；大纲。根据语境可知，比赛快结束了，但是因为两 队势均力敌，所以不明确的是比赛的“结果”。应选C。40、As expected, the boy who shows great in playing badminton has been admitted to the sportuniversity for his talent.A . requirementB . respectC . additionD . promise答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，这个在打羽毛球方面大有可为的男孩因其天赋被体育大学录取。A. requirement要求；B. respect尊重；C. addition增加；D. promise希望,可能性。根据句意,此处表达“那个 男孩在羽毛球方面展现了极大的成功的可能性”。应选D项。41、 Many people make a sharp between humans and other animals.A balanceB . examinationC . distinctionD . conclusion答案：C 解析:14 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人把人类和其他动物区分得很清楚。A. balance平衡；B. examination检查；C.distinction 区分；D. conclusion 结论。根据后文 ubetween humans and other animals” 指区分人类和其它动物, 应用 distinctiono 应选 Co42、The English teacher asked the students to give a of the text.A . balletB . seniorC . generationD . summary考查名词词义辨析。句意：英语老师要求学生们给出课文概要。A. ballet芭蕾舞；B. senior较年长的人；C.generation 一代人；D. summary 概要。由上下文 “The English teacher asked the students to give a of the text.”可知，老师要求学生给出课文的摘要，应选D。43、A butterfly is a flying with a long thin body and four large, usually brightly coloured, wings.A . dolphinB . dinosaurC . posterD . insect考查名词词义辨析。句意：蝴蝶是一种会飞的昆虫，身体细长，有四只通常色彩鲜艳的大翅膀。A.dolphin海 豚;B.dinosaur恐龙；C.poster海报；D.insect昆虫。根据butterfly可知，这是一种昆虫。应选D。44、Jerry has been preparing carefully for the coming English test so that he can be sure of passing it at his firstA . rescueB . attemptC . purposeD . request答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：杰瑞一直在认真地为即将到来的英语考试做准备，以便他有把握第一次就通过。A:rescue营15 救Battempt尝试©purpose目的;D:request要求.固定句式at one's first attempt在某人第一次尝试时，结合句 意，应选Bo45、 Jenny said that she had never thought in her life that she would ever sing .But now , singing in the choir provides from what she calls the “ gray days".A . realityB . reliefC . missionD . fault考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍妮说她这辈子从没想过自己会唱歌，但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的“灰暗日子”。A.reality现实；B.relief减轻，解除；emission任务；D.fault错误。根据句意以及But now可知, 但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的“灰暗日子”。应选B项。46、The earth is the planet provides us with everything we need,fresh air,clean water,so if s our duty toprotect it.A . whichB . whereC . whatD . in which考查定语从句。句意：地球是提供我们需要的一切新鲜的空气，干净的水的星球，所以保护它是我们 的责任。分析句子结构可知，planet为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中做主语，可用 which或者that,根据所给选择项，应选A项。47、Born a poor family, Abraham Lincoln fought his way to the top and became the United States'16 1 President and one of the greatest in American history.A . of.shapesB . on.statuesC . into.figuresD . with.images16答案：C 解析：考查动词短语和可数名词复数。句意：亚伯拉罕林肯出生在一个贫穷的家庭，他一路奋斗到顶峰，成为美国第 16任总统，也是美国历史上最伟大的人物之一。第一空涉及bom的短语搭配，bom of “源于，出生于”， born on ”出生于（时间）”，born into ”出身于（家庭）"，born with “与生俱来”，根据句意，第一空应 填介词into ；第二空,shapes “形状”，statues “雕塑"，figures “知名人物”，images “图像”，又根据句 意，空处是指林肯是美国历史上最伟大人物之一，表示“人物”，应用名词figure表示。应选C项。48、From the Tokyo Olympics to the 14th National Games, outstanding performances from China's athletes show the country's drive for a sports powerhouse in and innovation.A . expectationB . passionC . mysteryD . imagination答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从东京奥运会到第十四届全运会，中国运发动的出色表现展现了中国体育强国的激 情和创新精神。A.expectation 期待；B.passion 激情；C.mystery 谜；D.imagination 想象力。根据"show the country's drive for a sports powerhouse in and innovation"可知，句子表示“中国运发动的出色表现展现了中国体育强国的激情和创新精神”，因此空格处意为“激情”，是passion,应选B。49、 He made a quick to the new surroundings. In other words, he was more.A adoption, adaptiveB . adaptation, adaptiveC . adapt, adaptableD . adaptation, adaptable答案：D解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快就适应了新环境。换句话说，他的适应能力更强。A. adoption,17 adaptive采用；适应的，常用在专业术语当中；B. adaptation, adaptive适应；适应的；C. adapt, adaptable f 词，适应/能适应的，适应性强的，指在生活中表不适应能力强/ D. adaptation, adaptable适应；能适应的, 适应性强的。第一空根据后文“to the new surroundings"可知指适应新环境，应用make a quick adaptation ； 第二空表示在新环境中“适应能力强”应用形容词adaptable。应选D。50、You didn, t do anything wrongyou should have a clear.A . costumeB . corporationC . contestD . conscience答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。A.costume戏装；B. corporation公司；C.contest竞赛；D. conscience良心；内疚。根据"You didn1 t do anything wrong n可知,你没有做错任何事 你应该问心无愧。应选D项。51、If s wrong for someone in such a high in the government to behave too badly in public.A situationB . employmentC . professionD . position答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在政府中处于如此高位的人在公共场合表现得太糟糕是错误的。A. situation形势； B. employment 雇佣；C. profession 职业，专业；D. position 位置。根据空后 “in the government to behave too badly in public,"可知，空处需用名词position,表示在政府中处于如此高位的人在公众场合表现糟糕是错 误的。应选Do52、Please give us plenty of notice if you have to cancel an.A argumentB . appointmentC . assumptionD . assistance18解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你取消一个约会，请及时通知我们。A.argument论证；B.appointment约会； Cassumption假定,设想；D.assistance帮助。由句意可知,应该是取消约会所以要及时通知我们，应选B。53、Children' s over-dependence on cellphones has become one of the top of modern parents.A . benefitsB . concernsC . responsesD . functions答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子对手机的过度依赖已经成为现代父母最担忧的问题之一。A. benefits好处；B.concerns 担忧的事；C. responses 反响；D. functions 功能。根据上文 “Children' s over-dependence on cellphones has become one of the top”可知指孩子对手机的过度依赖已经成为现代父母最担忧的问题之一， 应用concerno应选Bo54、r m pleased that we do have the to produce so much food.A . frictionB . clueC . capacityD . physician答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我们有能力生产这么多食物。A. friction摩擦力；B. clue线索；C. capacity （领悟或理解、办事）能力；D. physician医师，内科医生。根据前后文句意可知，此处指“有能力”生产足够的 食物。应选C项。55、Jay Leno, the host of the “Tonight” show, once said that every new challenge put all the resources of the host to the test, and most solutions belonged to the.A . accidentB . customC . eventD . occasion答案：A19B. course课程；C texture纹理；D. perception知觉。结合句意可知和“一个人的本性”能够并列的是“河流 的源头”，填入source符合题意。应选A。4、It is clear that in modern society high and demands are placed on students.A . motivationsB . expectationsC . opportunitiesD . achievements答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，现代社会对学生有很高的期望和要求。A.motivations动机；B.expectations 期望；C. opportunities 机会；D. achievements 成就。根据 “demands” 可知，现代社会对学 生有很高的期望和要求。应选B项。5、Here is a memo for your when you answer the phones.A . consultantB . recommendationC . recognitionD . reference答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一份备忘录，您接 时可以参考。A. consultant顾问；B. recommendation 推荐；C. recognition识别；D. reference参考。根据上文“Here is a memo for yourn指将备忘录作为接 的 参考，应用reference。应选Do6、I bought the dress for only fifty yuan at the sales.Really ? It was a real. How I wish I would have such a good chance!A . goalB . bargainC . exchangeD . business答案：B解析：解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jay Leno曾经说过，每一次挑战都在测试主持人的资源，大多数的解决方法都属于 偶然。A. accident偶然；B. custom风俗；Cevent工程,大事件；D. occasion场合。根据句意分析可知,此处 表示“解决方式属于偶然”，表达为accident。应选A。56、 The second he heard the news, a(n) of surprise appeared on his face.A . attentionB . expressionC . impressionD . appearance答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一听到这个消息，脸上就露出惊讶的表情。Attention注意力；B. expression表 情；C.impression印象；D. appearance出现。根据“ appeared on his face,"可知，脸上露出惊讶的表情。故 选B项。57、 I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl and she has changed beyond.A . generationB . recognitionC . investigationD . graduation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从萨拉小时候就没见过她了，她已经变得认不出来了。A.generation 一代(人) B.recognition 认出，识别；C.investigation 调查；D.graduation 毕业。根据"I haven't seen Sarah since she was a little girl”可知，此处是指她已经变了许多，让人认不出来了。应选B。58、We should respect the people' s religious.A . blossomB . beliefC . poetD . award答案：B 解析:20 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该尊重人民的宗教信仰。A. blossom花朵；B. belief信仰；C. poet诗人；D. award奖励。由religious可知，此处指“宗教信仰”。应选B项。59、He can't be a doctor, for the of blood always makes him feel sick.A . sightB . lookC . viewD . form答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不可能是医生，因为看到血总是让他感到恶心。A.sight看见；B. look眼神，样子； C.view看法；D.form形式。根据"makes him feel sick.n可知,看到血总是让他感到恶心。应选A项。60、To the great of the citizens, no one else was infected with the coronavirus except the 136 confirmedcases.A . relaxations . disappointmentC . reliefD . surprise答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：令市民大为宽慰的是，除了 136例确诊病例外，没有其他人感染了冠状病毒。A. relaxation 放松；B. disappointment 失望；C. relief 解脱、宽慰；D. surprise 惊讶。结合 “no one else was infected with the coronavirus”可知，知晓无其他人感染冠状病毒，市民肯定大感宽慰。应选C项。61、The US said it was ready to join the between the six countries and Iran.A . translationB . determinationC . definitionD . negotiation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国表示，它已准备好参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。A. translation翻译；B.determination 决心；C. definition 定义；D. negotiation 谈判。根据"between the six countries and Iran.” 可知，21此处表示参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。应选D。62、The athletes are anxiously waiting for the final of the game, because it is essential for them to gointo the next round.A . outcomeB . outlineC . comebackD . cooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：运发动们正在焦急地等待着比赛的最终结果，因为这是进入下一轮所必需的。A.outcome结果；B. outline概述；C. comeback重返；D.cooperation合作。根据句意本句指比赛结果。应选 AoNow I know that the proper way is always her way.A . objectB . object complementC . predicativeD . attribute答案：C解析：考查句子结构。句意：现在我知道，正确的方式永远是她的方式。分析句子可知，关系词that引导的是宾语从 句，作谓语动词know的宾语，从句中the proper way为主语，is是系动词，her way作系动词is的表语，所 以划线处为从句的表语。应选c项。64、Life is full of, so we must think clearly about how to make them before deciding.A . choicesB . candlesC . colorsD . competitions答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活中充满了选择，所以我们必须在做出决定之前仔细地考虑清楚要如何做出选择。A. choices 选择；B. candles 蜡烛；C. colors 颜色；D. competitions 竞争。根据后文的 we must think clearly22 about how to make them before deciding可推断，此处指生活中充满了 “选择”，所以才需要在做出决定之前 仔细地考虑清楚要如何选择。应选A项。65、We have entered into age humans are concerned about animal welfare.A - thatB . whenC . whichD . while答案：B解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了关心动物福利的时代。先行词age,后接限定性定语从句，先行词在从 句中作时间状语，应用关系副词引导从句。应选B项。66、The lockdown hobbled India's economy and its GDP recorded the sharpest in its history.A . motionB . dissatisfactionC . conservationD . contraction答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：封锁令印度经济陷入困境，其GDP出现了历史上最严重的收缩。A. motion运动；dissatisfaction 不满；C. conservation 保护；D. contraction 收缩。根据 The lockdown hobbled India'seconomy及常识可知，封锁使经济陷入困境，从而造成了 GDP的收缩(contraction) o应选D项。67、In our mind, Professor Wang is a learned and kind man, so we showed our for him.A . attentions . respectC . struggleD . request答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们心目中，王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人，因此，我们对他很尊敬。A.attention 注意；B. respect 尊敬；C. struggle 斗争；D.request 请求。根据 Trofessor Wang is a learned andkind mann可知，在我们心目中，王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人，因此，我们对他很尊敬