初中英语外研版八年级下册Module3教材知识详解.docx

Module3教材知识详解1. What are you up to?你在忙什么?be up to意为“忙于，从事，正在做”，常用于口语中。如：I haven't seen you these days recently. What are you up to?我最近没见你，忙什么呢？2. Ive just made a model spaceship for our school project.我刚刚为我们学校的专题制作了一个宇宙飞船模型。超酝 本句时态为现在完成时，其中just是副词，表示“刚刚，刚才”，位于助动词have之后，过去分 词made之前。如： I have just cleaned the classroom.我刚刚清扫过教室。3. Sure, no problem.当然，没问题。no problem是常见的口语表达，通常使用在如下场合：用来表示同意或愉快地回答请 求，意为“没问题；小事一桩，用来表示有能力做某事，意为 “没问题；不在话下”。A: Could you post the letter for me?请帮我寄这封信好吗？ B: No problem.没问题。A: Can you finish the work in an hour?你能在一小时内做完这项工作吗?B: No problem.没问题。1. 1 haven" started yet我还没有开始超幽yet还，尚(用于表示某事在某一时间尚未发生，但未来也许会发生)。如: The moon has not risen yet.月 亮还没有升起。5. Have you heard the latest news?你听最新的新闻了吗？题苏(1) latest。力.最近的；最新的，如：She is reading the latest news,她正在读最新的消息。0延伸“late勿/迟的；晚的；迟地；晚地。如：He was late for class yesterday.昨天他上课迟至了。(2) news新闻，消息。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：No news is good news段有消息就是好消息。6. .That9s why ifs on the news.那就是它为什么会上新闻。句中的why fs on the news是一个从句 不是一个特殊疑问句，故应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell me where the library is?请你告诉我图书馆在哪儿好吗？ Please tell her what you are doing.请告诉她你在做什么。7. So have they discovered life on Mars?那么他们在火星上发现生命了吗？超幽 discover为动词，意为“发现，找到“。表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错 误。如：Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于 1492 年发现了美洲。find与discover作动词都有“发现”的意思，但它们的用法有区别：find意为“发现，找到、表示通过对某种事物的寻求，强调寻找的结果；discover表示“偶然或经过努力发现客观存在的事物、真理等”。8. Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.许多科学家正在努力 工作，为的是有一天把宇航员送到火星上。in order lo后面直接接动词原形，意思是“为了，以便”，在句中作目的状语，可放在句首，也可 放在句中，其否认形式为in order not to do sth.(为了不做某事)。如：In order to earn enough money, he worked late into the night. 为了赚到足够的钱，他工作到深夜。0 延伸 in order +that从句也可表示“为了，以便”的意思，从句中常用can, may, could, might等情态 动词。如： He gets up early every day in order that he can catch the first bus.他每天起床很早以便赶上第一班公共汽车。9. How can I get information on space travel?我怎样才能获得关于太空旅行的信息呢？函函information为不可数名词，意为“信息You can get information form the Internet.你可以在互联网上获得信息。 延伸与information有关的固定搭配：get information 获取信息 search for information 搜索信息take a message 捎 口 信leave a message 留言； 留口信1. Scientists think that there has been life on Earth for hundreds of millions of years. 科学家们认为地 球上存在生命已有数亿年了。hundreds of millions of 表示“数亿，上亿”。本句为含有think的主从复合句，即“主语+think+宾语从句”如：I think it is a good thing.我认为它是一个好事情。砌窗延伸（1）当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose（猜想，认为）等，而主句的主语又是第一人称时, 后面宾语从句的否认词常要前移，即否认主句的谓语动词。我们称这类现象为“否认转移（前移）如: We don't think Tom is right.我们认为 Tom 是不对的。（2）从句中使用了 there be句型的现在完成时，其结构为；There have/has been.如：Has there been an accident?有过一次事故吗？hundreds of意为“数以百计的"，用来表示一个不具体的数量或一个夸张的说法。hundred意思是“百”， 当它和具体的数词连用时，hundred不能用复数形式 也不能在其后加of。类似的词还有thousand, million, billion 等。如:There are about two hundred students on the playground.操场上大约有两百个学生。There are hundreds of students on the playground.操场上有数百个学生。2. It is impossible to imagine.它是不可能想象到的。本句属于“Its+adj.+ （for sb.+） to do sth.”的句式，其中to do sth.是真正的主语，it只是形式主语。如：It is important to learn about safety knowledge.学习平安知识是很重要的。超本句中的impossible是形容词，意为“不可能的”。如：It is impossible to live on the moon. 在月球上生活是不可能的。3. None of them has an environment like that of the earth没有一颗拥有和地球一样的环境none指三个或三个以上的人或物中“没有一个”The sun and its planets are called the solar system.在阳和它的行星被叫作太阳系，are called是一般现在时的被动语态，意为“被称为，被叫作”。如：The cartoon is called The Smurfs.这部卡通片叫蓝精灵。4. However, no spaceship has travelled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.然而，没有宇宙飞船 能遨游到足够远，到达我们星系中的其他恒星上。雷enough作副词，修饰形容词或副词时放在被修饰词后面；enough作形容词，修饰名词时常放在被修饰词之前。形容词或副词+enough to+动词原形，意为“足够可以如：He is old enough to take care of himself.他大 了,能照顾自己了。5. They are very far away and their light has traveled for many years to reach us.它彳门离得彳艮远，它彳门的光 到达我们需要很多年。砌：这是一个由and连接的并列句。句中不定式to reach us是表目的的状语。位雷away表示距离时，其句型为：主语+be+数词+metres/kilometres+away。如：The school is two kilometres away from here.学校离这里两千米。6. With so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space?宇宙中有这么多的星球，我们到底是孤单的呢，还是太空中还有其他生命存在呢？1） with so many stars in the universe 是介词短语，在句中作状语。2） alone可以作形容词，也可以作副词，强调单独一人。 lonely作形容词，强调感到孤独、寂寞。1. Sure, no problem.当然，没问题。（教材第18页） 关于no problem的用法知识点考查 一 Can I bring a friend to your birthday party?一Sure,.A. no problem B.not at all C.my pleasure D.well doneThat、why ifs on the news.那就是它为什么会上新闻。（教材第18页）关于宾语从句的用法知识点考查（2013 重庆中考）一Did the radio say?一Yes,from Hunan.A. how the bad rice came B. where the bad rice came fromC. how did the bad rice come D. where did the bad rice come from3. Have you heard the latest news?你听:新的新闻了吗？（教材第17页）关于latest用法知识点考查 一Do you have the news about Anna?I was told she had gone abroad on June 15th, but I don't know whether she is there now.A. latestB.funniestC.longest D. worstScientists think that there has been life on Earth for hundreds of millions of years. 科学家们认为地 球上存在生命已有上百万年了。（教材第20页）关于hundreds of知识点考查Yesterday people came to the town to watch the car race.A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds ofD.hundred ofIt is impossible to imagine.它是不可能想象到的。（教材第20页）关于It is+M/.+for sb.+to do sth.用法知识点考查It is important people learn team spirit.A. of; ofB.of, toC. for, toD. to, toThe sun and its planets are called the solar system.太阳和它的行星被叫作太阳系，（教材第20页）关于一般现在时态的被动语态的知识点考查）Many students chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big.A. Don't give B. aren't given C. haven't given D. won't give一般现在时态的被动结构是：am/is/are+动词的过去分词，根据此结构可知，选B。4. I've just finished reading a great book at school.我刚刚在学校读了一本很棒的书。（教材第23页） 关于finish用法知识点考查一Can you finish these books before 10 o'clock? Yes, I can .A. to readB. readC. reads D. readinghaven't read anything as good as that for a long time!我好久没有读过可以与这本书相媲美的东西了！（教材第23页）关于as.as用法知识点考查一English isn't as as Chinese. 一Maybe, perhaps ifs just because Chinese is your native language.A. easyB. easily C. easier D. Easiestdecided to be an astronaut.他决定当一名宇航员。（教材第24页）关于decided用法知识点考查Harry has decided an online shop after graduating from school.A. open B. to open C. opened D. opening单项选择()2. Yesterday Lucy told us such good that we are all amazed at it.A. news B. ideasC. suggestion D. answer()3. 一Can you tell me?一Sure. He lives on Center Street.A. where does he live B. where he lives C. why he lives there D. what does he do()4. Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.A. how happy was he B. how happy he was C. how was he happy D. how he happy was()5. Could I _your cell phone, please? I want to call my father.Sorry. It has been taken away Lisa.A. borrow; by B. lend; toC. use; forD. show; at()6.Why are the boys so excited? Because the team Miami Heat the first place for the last twoseasons!A. gets B. gotC. has got()7. The book Alice In Wonderland is very interesting. I it twice already.A. read B. have readC. am reading D. will read()8. 一Could I use your dictionary tolook up some new words? 一OK,.A. it's a pleasureB. that's right C. no problem()9.1 turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found.A. none B. bothC. oneD. neither()10.一The six students from Lianyungang got the first prize in the Chinese Characters Diction Competitionin Jiangsu. _exciting news it is!A. WhatB. HowC. What an D. How an现在完成时态现在完成时的结构：has/have + done (动词过去分词)现在完成时态的标志词：just “刚刚”，already “已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般置于have/has之后。否认句中那么用yet,表示“还(未)have/has been to, have/has gone to 与 have/has been in 的区另用法例句have/has been to强调“去过”某地，人已经回来，后面可 接表示次数的状语。I have been to Shanghai twice.我去过上海两 次。have/has gone to强调“去了”某地，现在嗯不在说话的现 场。My father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.他(已经)去了上海。have/has been in表示某人“已经在某地住了一段时间”， 现在仍在那里。The old man has been in the city for many years.那个老人已经在这个城市很多年了。