北京市房山区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末英语试题（解析版）.docx

房山区2021-2022学年度第二学期期末检测试卷高二英语本试卷共10页，100分。时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷 上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一局部 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每题L5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂One day, 12-year-old Gabriel went home and told his dad, Richard, that he felt a /bit down.”Gabriel enjoyed and fell in love with the craft around age eight when his mom handed him a toy made of wood by his grandfather. But his middle school classmates didn't consider it 2一 .As a father, Richard was upset about his son's condition. It was hard watching his kid 3 to fit in. Wanting to help, Richard reached out to people on the 4, He created a page andpresented a new wooden bowl made by his son, hoping netizens could 5 him to go on. To their surprise, the little boy gained 256,000 followers in three days and a great number of supporters even 6 his handmade bowls. Gabriel didn't want to be a businessman since he had schooland homework to manage. After much thought, he decided to use his newfound fame as an opportunity to share 7.“I decide that I can make other children's lives better by doing a little bit of something in my own life Gabriel said. He made a special bowl with the words “For children in Africa to call on others to 8 for them on his web page and one lucky donor could get this special bowl. Soon, 14,123 supporters 9 contributed £254,053 for African children. Finally, the bowl found its way to the home of donor Renuka Chapman."Gabriel is talented and creative, but more than anything, he's got a big heart J finally came the10 from his classmates.1. A. handwriting fundraising2. A. noisy3. A. refuse4. A. internet5. A. remind command6. A. copied7. A. politeness8. A. record9. A. surprisingly thankfully10. A. suggestionB. netsurfingB.coolB. defendB. showB. encourageB. repairedB. comfortB. drawB. hesitantlyB. praiseC. woodworkingC. strangeC. hateC. courseC. guideC. orderedC. wealthC. donateC. shylyC. warningD.D. fairD. struggleD. streetD.D. removedD. kindnessD.changeD.D. requestHave you heard of Yangshi Lei? For some 200 years, the Lei family provided their design and architectural talent to the Qing Dynasty as imperial builders. Spanning seven generations, their skills along with excellent craftsmanship ensured that they rose to great fame and influence in China. In their later work, they incorporated details of the southern architectural style and garden design ideas in their designs.One of the places showing this is the Summer Palace. Situated in Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, it shows the beauty and the grandeur of royal gardens. In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List and described it as “a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design.With over 3,000 man-made structures, which include bridges, pavilions, and corridors, even the lake area alone is a showcase of many of the Lei family excellent designs.Kunming Lake is designed to represent the traditional Chinese gardening practice of “one pond, three hills." There are three small islands within Kunming Lake: Nanhu Island, Zaojiantang Island, and Zhijingge Island.Many features of Kunming Lake are inspired by the scenery from the region south of the Yangtze River. In particular, the West Dike is a recreation of the famous Sudi Dike on West Lake in Hangzhou. The causeway, which can be walked across, cuts diagonally through the southern part of the lake. Like the Sudi Dike, the West Dike is connected by six bridges, each with its own distinctive style. The largest bridge on Kunming Lake, however, is the 17-Arch Bridge. It combines features of the Precious Belt Bridge in Suzhou and the Lugou Bridge in Beijing. The entire bridge is 150 meters long and eight meters wide.If you can't go further than Beijing, then don't miss the National Library of China. This is where most of the Lei family's architectural design drafts are kept. These include projective drawings, front and side elevations, revolving drawings, and even some architectural models which look remarkably like digital models made today. This shows the advanced drawing technology and skill of the Lei architects. Their architectural ability was way ahead of their time.Like the Summer Palace, many others of the Lei family's structures have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Also, in 2007, their architectural drawings and models were included in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The Lei family's significant influence on Chinese imperial architecture ensures that their work is still remembered and appreciated.28. What can we learn from this passage?A. There are three small ponds within Kunming Lake.B. The Summer Palace was put on the World Heritage List in 1998.C. West Lake is described as a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design.D. The 17-Arch Bridge on Kunming Lake is a copy of the Precious Belt Bridge in Suzhou.29. What does the underlined word “incorporated“ in Paragraph I mean?A. Contained.B. Ignored.C. Compared.D.Described.30. The author suggests visiting the National Library of China to.A. see the drawings of famous painters B know about the new digital productslearn the history of the Qing DynastyC. see the design drafts of the Lei FamilyWhat is the main purpose of the passage?A. To compare the architectural style between the north and the south.B. To present the wonderful design and beautiful scenery of Kunming Lake.C. To stress the Lei family's great influence on Chinese imperial architecture.D. To call on people to protect the scenery and architecture of the Summer Palace.【答案】28.B29. A 30. D 31. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。雷氏家族在清朝年间承当了大量的宫廷和皇家建筑的设计和建造 工作，如颐和园等，这个建筑师家族也被成为“样式雷”。文章主要介绍了雷氏家族对中国 皇家建筑的贡献和影响。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List and described it as “a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design% 1998年12月，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录，并被誉为“中国 园林设计的杰作"。）”可知，1998年，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入世界遗产名录, B项正确。应选B项。【29题详解】词义猜想题。根据文章第一段中的 “In their later work, they incorporated details of the southern architectural style and garden design ideas in their designs.（在他们后期的作品中,他们将南方建 筑风格的细节和园林设计思想incorporated到他们的设计中。）”可知，雷氏家族后期的 作品中，既有南方建筑风格，也有园林设计的想法，由此可推测出，是把二者融入到了他们 的设计中，故划线的词"incorporatedv应表示“包含、融入”的意思，与A项的contained 为同义表达。应选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的 “If you can、go further than Beijing, then don9t miss the National Library of China. This is where most of the Lei family's architectural design drafts are kept.（如果你没法去比北京更远的地方，那就不要错过中国国家图书馆。雷氏家族的大局部 建筑设计草图都保存在这里。）”可知，作者之所以建议去国家图书馆，是因为雷氏家族的 大局部建筑设计草图都保存在这里，由此可推知，你能在国家图书馆看到雷氏家族的设计草 图。应选D项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的 “Have you heard of Yangshi Lei? For some 200 years, the Lei family provided their design and architectural talent to the Qing Dynasty as imperial builders. Spanning seven generations, their skills along with excellent craftsmanship ensured that they rose to great fame and influence in China你听说过样式雷吗？在大约200年的时间里，雷氏家族作 为皇家建造者，为清朝提供了他们的设计和建筑天赋。历经七代，他们的技艺和精湛的工艺 使他们在中国声名鹊起，影响深远。）”以及最后一段的“The Lei family's significant influence on Chinese imperial architecture ensures that their work is still remembered and appreciated.（M 氏 家族对中国皇家建筑的重大影响确保了他们的作品仍然被铭记和欣赏。）”可知，文章以颐 和园的经典设计为例，强调了雷氏家族对中国皇家建筑的贡献和影响。应选C项。DTechnology is having an impact on every sport, from individual sports such as swimming to team sports as diverse as soccer and sailing. Those with access to the best technologies are playing faster and smarter.The main technological change in recent years has been through data collection and analysis. Data is collected by underwater cameras, tidal sensors （传感器），sensors worn by athletes, video analysis, and in many other ways. The data is then fed through computer software and analyzed by team managers, sports scientists, coaches, and players.It is not only about improving performance, but also reducing injury and illness. Below are just a few examples.In cycling, bike sensors measure speed, power, and pedal turns, which are then sent to the cyclisfs glasses. Cyclists can see important information without having to look away from the track. If they need to hit a specific time in their training, they can see how they are doing and speed up if required.A British company, which usually services the aerospace and defence industries, has worked to enable British wheelchair athletes to achieve a 20 percent increase in the ability to gain speed. Not only are they faster, but the positional changes also reduce injury to players' shoulders and elbows. For other disabled athletes, 3D-printed prosthetic limbs （四肢）are more lightweight, delivering improved power output.More records are falling in swimming than those in any other sports, and technology is playing a huge role in this. At the University of Sheffield in England, naval research methods are being used in a pool to produce 3D computer simulations of swimmers. Small changes in swimmers, positioning of their limbs, hands, or how far their head comes out of the water can cause a large impact on speed. These are then analyzed to develop better swimming styles for swimmers.In boxing, software is available to some teams which provides detailed analysis of their competitors9 fight styles, and thus their threats and opportunities when facing a particular boxer. This helps them work on their strategies.Some people argue that some of these technological advances go too far. They believe that they are a form of cheating because they give athletes an increased advantage that is better than their natural ability. It is yet up to the governing bodies of different sports to decide how far each technology can go.31. What can we learn about technology in sports?A. The data is collected by sports scientists.B. Technologies have no impact on team sports.C. The data is analyzed by people relevant to sports.D. Software provides analysis of boxers9 own fight styles.32. What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?A. Cyclists can see important information through technology.B. 3D-printed prosthetic limbs are widely used among disabled athletes.C. The British company services the aerospace industries with technology.D. Disabled athletes can perform better and be less injured by using technology.33. What is the author's attitude towards the impact of technological advances on sports?A. Objective.B. Favorable.C. Opposed.D.Indifferent.【答案】32.C33. D 34. A【解析】【导语本文是说明文。通过列举科技对三项运动的影响阐述了科技进步对运动的 影响，并给出了客观的评论。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的 “The main technological change in recent years has been through data collection and analysis. Data is collected by underwater cameras, tidal sensors （传感器）， sensors worn by athletes, video analysis, and in many other ways. The data is then fed through computer software and analyzed by team managers, sports scientists, coaches, and players.（近年来 的主要技术变化是通过数据收集和分析。通过水下摄像机、潮汐传感器、运发动佩戴的传感 器、视频分析等多种方式收集数据。然后，这些数据通过计算机软件输入，由球队经理、体 育科学家、教练和球员进行分析）”可知，关于运动方面的科技，数据被与运动相关的人 员分析。应选C。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段内容"A British company, which usually services the aerospace and defence industries, has worked to enable British wheelchair athletes to achieve a 20 percent increase in the ability to gain speed. Not only are they faster, but the positional changes also reduce injury to players9 shoulders and elbows. For other disabled athletes, 3D-printed prosthetic limbs （四肢）are more lightweight, delivering improved power output.（一家通常服务于航空航天和国防工业的英 国公司，正在努力使英国轮椅运发动的速度提高20%。他们不仅速度更快，而且位置的改 变也减少了运发动肩膀和肘部的损伤。对于其他残疾运发动，3D打印义肢更轻，提供更好 的动力输出。）”可知，本段讲述残疾运发动通过使用科学技术可以表现得更好，受伤也更 少。应选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后段内容 “Some people argue that some of these technological advances go too far. They believe that they are a form of cheating because they give athletes an increased advantage that is better than their natural ability. It is yet up to the governing bodies of different sports to decide how far each technology can go.（有些人认为这些技术进步有些过头了。他们认 为这是一种欺骗，因为它们给运发动带来了比他们天生能力更好的优势。每种技术能走多远 还得由不同体育工程的管理机构来决定。）”可知，作者引用了其他人的看法，并且认为科 技对运动的影响多大应该由管理机构来决定，因此推断作者的态度是客观的。应选A。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。In the wild, it all depends on you with your survival knowledge and equipment to life.35 You must be familiar with the use of equipment. The weight of the equipment should be no more than 20kg. Here are some necessities that are advised to take.You'd better take a compass. It is not heavy. It is entitled to a place in your equipment. The use of the compass is the most effective. Some people may say GPS is very popular now. 36 In cold, hot, wet and other bad conditions, such as about 10 degrees below zero in the northeast, GPS uses 30% more electricity than room temperature.Besides that, I will talk about the role of fire. Fire plays an important role not only in cooking food, but also in helping us resist the cold. 37 The ordinary plastic lighters sold on the street are actually good, light weight and easy to use.38 At least it is about 1.5 meters long and 30-50 cm wide. Putting a scarf around yourneck can prevent sunburn by sunshine, can make it a simple sun hat, marching in bright light or desert. You can also make nets and catch fish and shrimp, birds and insects in the wild.No matter how high-end your outdoor clothing is, you still need to take a raincoat. Choosing a suitable raincoat is very important. The separation kind of raincoat is more convenient. The raincoat doesn't just protect you from the rain. 39If the survival of the wild is compared to a building, then the strong will is the foundation, the survival knowledge is the wall, the proper training is the roof, the equipment is just to make you live in more comfortable decoration.A. First, one better option is to take GPS.B. The survival scarf in the wild is our essential survival tool.C. Good equipment can let you have a more comfortable experience.D. Bicycle raincoat can cover your bag but you can't stretch out your hand.E. However, the more complex things are, the more likely they are to go wrong.F. In order to let you enjoy better treatment in the wild, you have to take a lighter.G. It can also be used as tents and waterproof mats to keep you warm and get water for you.【答案】35.C36. E 37. F 38. B 39. G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在野外所需要的一些必需品。【35题详解】空前说"In the wild, it all depends on you with your survival knowledge and equipment to life.（在野外，一切都取决于你的生存知识和装备。）”，空后说“You must be familiar with the use of equipment.（你必须熟悉装备的使用。）"，因此空格处应讲装备的好处或重要性，C选 项 “Good equipment can let you have a more comfortable experience.（好的装备可以让你拥有 更舒适的体验。）”说明了装备的重要性，因此承上启下，符合语境，应选C。【36题详解】空前说 “The use of the compass is the most effective. Some people may say GPS is very popular now.（使用指南针是最有效的。有些人可能会说GPS现在很流行。）"，空后说"In cold, hot, wet and other bad conditions, such as about 10 degrees below zero in the northeast, GPS uses 30% more electricity than room temperature.（在寒冷、炎热、潮