2023初高英语衔接讲义第15讲-并列句和状语从句（学生版+解析版）.docx

第15讲并列句和状语从句并列句定义：由并列连词（如：and, so, but, or等）把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起而构成的句子。即：并列句=简单句+并列连词+简单句，如：Give him an inch and he will take a mile.Harry likes eggs, but he doesn't like chicken.表转折关系的并列连词but（但是）,yet（可是），while（而,却），however（然而），still（尽管如此），on the contrary（相反）等。如:I have failed, but I shall try again.我失败了，但我还要尝试。（but）You like tennis, while I'd rather read.你爱打网球，但我爱看书。（while）It is raining hard, however, we have to go out.雨下得很大，我们却不得不出去。（however）表选择关系的并列连词or（或者，否那么），eitheror（不是就是）,neithernor（既不也不）,otherwise（要不然）等。如：Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.快点，要不然你就赶不上那班火车了。（or）Be careful about what you say, or you will regret!留神你讲的话，否那么你会后悔的。（or）Neither does he smoke nor does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。（neither. nor）表平行关系的并列连词and, not only.but also（不但而且）,when （=and just at this time 就在这时），on（the） one hand.on theother hand, neither, nor 等。如：Not only are you funny, but also you are witty.你不仅幽默而且机智。He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.他正要上床睡觉，这时 铃响了起来。表因果关系的并列连词for（因为），so（所以），therefore（所以），thus（因此）等。如:He shook his head, for he thought differently.他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法。17. Helen was very rude to me. I refuse to speak to her again she says sorry.A. IfB. untilC. becauseD. sinceVehicle accidents have claimed many deaths in the past few years.more action is taken, the problem will get dramatically worse.A.UnlessB.IfC. AfterD. WhenWell have a picnic near the river tomorrow it rains heavily.A.untilB.unlessC. ifD. whenThe Reader has been a popular programme since last year, there is still something not satisfying.A.thoughB.untilC.ifD. unlessPlease come to me you need my help.A.whereverB.whateverC.wheneverD. howeverhip-hop is popular with youngsters, Tm still not accustomed it.A. As, to appreciatingB. Although, to appreciateC. Even though, to appreciatingD. While, to appreciate18. The bell rang he had time to dash into the classroom to take the exam.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.untilA.unlessB.sinceC.ifD.even if25. Admission will be free to wears the school uniform and the school badge.A.anyoneB.whoC.whoeverD.whomYou should try to relax yourself much work you have to do.A.howeverB.althoughC.whateverD.even ifCathy had quit her job when her son was born she could stay home and raise her family.A. in caseB. as ifC. only ifD. so thatIt was the middle of the night the sound of the piano woke me up.A. becauseB. ifC. whenD. althoughDoes David love playing soccer?Yes. He plays soccer almost every day it rains heavily.A. whetherB. ifC. unlessD. asOne Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.A. afterB. whileC. sinceD. when能力提升Text 1(2022.新疆.昌吉回族自治州第一中学高一开学考试)语法填空On Sept 17, a giant panda a white helmet (头盔)named “Bing Dwen Dwcn' and a red lantern baby called “Shuey Rhon Rhon”，were unveiled (揭晓) 2 the two mascots (吉祥物)for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games.The giant panda 3 (regard) as a symbol of China and the lantern is 4 important element (元素)of Chinese New Year celebrations. The red image is a perfect fit for the gala (盛会)event, 5 (especial) as the Games coincide (恰逢)with China's Lunar New Year celebration in February and March 2022. Meanwhile, the panda's helmet represents modern society and 6 (it) white color is suggestive of the snow and ice of winter sports.“The two mascots combine traditional Chinese culture and a modem international style, as well as the characteristics of ice and snow sports, strongly 7 (show) the Chinese people's eager expectations for the Games, and China's warm 8 (invite) to friends Irom all over the world." Beijing 2022 Games executive president Chen Jining told Xinhua."Bing" and “Shuey” are equivalent (对应)to “ice" and “snow" in English. 4*Dwen DwerT means “robust (强 tt), lively" while "Rhon Rhon has the 9 (meaning) of “tolerance” and "integration (融合)“They are designed 10 (express) the Olympic spirit, including passion, perseverance, friendship and mutual understanding." Chen told Xinhua.Test 2(2022湖南长沙麓山国际实验学校高一开学考试)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内 单词的正确形式。China's Tea VillagesIn most Chinese tea villages, March is the time of year in which locals start to pick and process tea. The usually quiet villages 11 (sudden) become busy centers of activities, as people take out special tools and prepare 12 tea processing. In some villages, local residents hold traditional ceremonies. 13 (thank) heaven for 14 (it) blessing. The price of tea 15 (pick) in March is extremely high because it is fresh, tender and contains multiple trace elements.China 16 (be) famous for tea production since ancient times. Of the goods transported and traded along 17 old Silk Road linking China to the Middle East and Europe, the importance of tea was matched only by silk. China produces Oolong, black, green, white, yellow and dark tea. The Oolong, green and black18 (vary) are most notable for their high quality.Most of China's tea villages 19 (find) in remote mountainous areas in the country's south and southwest,20 the beautiful scenery is often hidden under clouds.Test 3(2022山东省临沂第一中学高一开学考试)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的 正确形式。Chinese freestyle skier Eileen Gu was already a 21 (win) on the FIS World Cup circuit before competing at the Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG) 2020. After winning YOG gold in both halfpipe and bigair, (he 17-year-old has 22 (firm) established herself as one of the rising stars in the sport, and is now hoping to inspire others.If I'm 80 years old and looking back a( my life, I don't think 23 number of medals is going to matter as much as memories of reading messages from young girls 24 (say) that I was the one who inspired them to start skiing, or who showed them that it was possible to do bigger tricks and that25(woman) could doit too.To be able to inspire them-that's a really big thing for me. And I also just want26(enjoy) theexperience. I have a lot of things going on in my life, 27 I think it's important to be able to enjoy the road that I feel very 28 (luck)to be on. Not many people have the chance to compete at such a high-level event in front of the world. So, I'm really, really thankful 29 all the chances I've had. And my 30 (big) ambition is just to make a difterence and to be able to use those chances fbr the greater good.”第15讲并列句和状语从句并列句定义：由并列连词（如：and, so, but, or等）把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起而构成的句子。即：并列句=简单句+并列连词+简单句，如：Give him an inch and he will take a mile.Harry likes eggs, but he doesn't like chicken.表转折关系的并列连词but（但是）,yet（可是），while（而,却），however（然而），still（尽管如此），on the contrary（相反）等。如:I have failed, but I shall try again.我失败了，但我还要尝试。（but）You like tennis, while I'd rather read.你爱打网球，但我爱看书。（while）It is raining hard, however, we have to go out.雨下得很大，我们却不得不出去。（however）表选择关系的并列连词or（或者，否那么），eitheror（不是就是）,neithernor（既不也不）,otherwise（要不然）等。如：Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.快点，要不然你就赶不上那班火车了。（or）Be careful about what you say, or you will regret!留神你讲的话，否那么你会后悔的。（or）Neither does he smoke nor does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。（neither. nor）表平行关系的并列连词and, not only.but also（不但而且）,when （=and just at this time 就在这时），on（the） one hand.on theother hand, neither, nor 等。如：Not only are you funny, but also you are witty.你不仅幽默而且机智。He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.他正要上床睡觉，这时 铃响了起来。表因果关系的并列连词for（因为），so（所以），therefore（所以），thus（因此）等。如:He shook his head, for he thought differently.他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法。He told me to do it, so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。Wc believe that he will succeed, for he has talent.我们相信他会成功的，因为他有才华。*说明：并列连词不能和附属连词同时使用。1. so不能与because连用。2. but, while 不与 although 连用，但 yet, still 可与 although 连用。状语从句定义：用来修饰主句中的动词，副词，形容词或者整个句子的从句叫状语从句。He was sitting there as if he was thinking about something .She speaks so fast that we can't follow her.状语从句的分类英语中有9种状语从句：时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句， 比拟状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。/说明:引导状语从句的引导词叫做附属连词。每种状语从句的附属连词不同，牢记并运用这些状语从句的附属连 词是掌握状语从句的关键。1 .时间状语从句：定义:时间状语是由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子叫时间状语从句。It was raining hard when I got to school yesterdayWhile he was doing his homework, the telephone rang时间状语从句引导词:when, as, while, before, after, since, tilh until,as soon as=lhe moment=.hardly.when.no sooner.than., each time=every limes, by the lime,once, nosooner.lhan.=hardly.when等连词来弓I 导。如：He had learned a little Chinese before he came to ChinaAfter he finished middle school, he went to work in a factoryOnce you see him, you will never forget him.No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.【注意】(I)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态，即主将从现。如：I'll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.He won't believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(2)when/while引导时间状语从句时的区别：when:当时候，从句中的动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是暂短性动词。如:I came in,I foundsomething surprising .When I was in college, I would visit him .while:在期间，从句中的动词只能是延续性动词。如：While I was waiting at the bus stop,I met Alicc-My good friend .(3)as引导时间状语从句时，表示主句动词和从句动词同时发生，常可以译为“边.边.”也可以表示“随 着如:He laughed as he walked.他边走边笑As scientific technology develops, our life is changing随着科技的进步，我们的生活正发生这改变(4)当since引导时间状语从句时，主句要用现在完成时，since从句要用一般过去时。如： He has been silent since he came in .(5)当until引导时间状语从句时，当主句是肯定句时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;当主句是否认句 时，主句的谓语动词应该是暂短性动词。如：The rain didn't stop until it was late .4 waited until he came back. 说明：当not until从句谓语句首时，主句要倒装。如：Not until it was late did the rain stop.直到很晚的时候，雨才停。而且not.until句型也可以用于it is/was.that强调句式中。如：It was not until it was late that (he rain stopped.就是到半夜的时候，雨才停了。(6)句型II is/has been +一段时间+since从句，译为“自从已经时间了如: It is/It has been 8 years since he attended school(7)句型It won't be +一段时间before从句，译为“过不了多久就如won't be long before you meet your new teachers这个句型的主句时态只能用般将来时和一般过去时;而且主句也可以用肯定形式。如：It wasn't two years before he came back. It will be three years before you graduate from Sanshui Senior Middle school.(8)在句型“.hardly+A句子+whcn+B句子”和句型”.no sooner+A句子than+B句子”中，A句子要用过去 完成时,B句子要用过去时;而且当hardly和no sooner位于句首时，A句子要倒装。如： He had hardly got to the railway station when the train left.=Hardly had he got to the railway station when the train left.=He had no sooner got to the railway station than the train left.=No sooner had he got to the railway station than the train left.原因状语从句：定义:表示原因或理由的从句。He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.-As it is raining, 1 will not go out.Now that you mention it, I do remember.原因状语从句的引导词:because, since, as, now that(既然)引导。didn't come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you can't answer the question, Til ask someone else.because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问 题，只能用becauseo as和since=now that语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as» since, now that引 导的原因状语从居多放在句首。如：Why aren't going there?Because I don't want to.As he has no car, he can't get there easilyNow that / Since we have no money, we can't buy it* 说明:because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里。如：He was disappointed because he didn't meet his good friend- Now that all of you have come , let's begin.条件状语从句：定义:充当条件状语的是个句子，那么这个句子就是状语从句。如：If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean条件状语从句引导词：if,unless,so (as) long as,on condition that 倘假设,if only(二if)引导。如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Don't leave the building unless I tell you to.【注意】(1)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态，即主将从现。如：I'll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He won't be late unless he is ill.(2)“祈使句+and (or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。如：Hurry up, or you'll be late.=If you don'l hurry up, you'll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.2 .结果状语从句定义:充当结果状语的是个句子，那么这个句子就是结果状语从句。He was so excited that he could not say a word.She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.结果状语从句引导词:so.that, such.that, so that。如:She was ill, so that she didn't attend the meeting.He was so glad that he couldn't say a word.It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.【注意】.so that.和.such. that 的句型的区另ij.so.that 的句型中，so 是副词，所以句型如下:.so + adj/adv.that.so + adj+ a/an + 可数名词 +that.so +many/much/few/little() + that.如:He is so poor that he can't buy a bike fbr his son.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see herSoon there were so many deer (hat (hey ale up all the wild rosesHe has so little time that he can't go to the cinema with you.such.that .的句型中，such是形容词，所以句型如下:.such + a/an(adj) +可数名词单数+ thatsuch+(adj) +可数名词复数+ thatsuch +(adj) +不可数名词+ that.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.so.that语such.that在以下情况下可以互换。如:.so + adj+ a/an +可数名词单数+ that.= .such +a/an(adj) + 可数名词单数+that.He was so reliable a boy that people often believe in him=He was such a reliable boy that people often believe in him.（3）在so.that.结构和suchthat结构中，当so连同其修饰语或such连同其修饰语位于句首时，so和such所在的句子要倒装。如：The attack was so sudden that the enemy had no time to escape.=So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.The girl is such a lovely kid （hat we all like her.=Such a lovely kid is the girl that we all like her.当so that引导结果状语从句与so that引导目的状语从句时的区别在于so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中要有必要的情态动词，如can/ could/ may might等;而so that引导结 果状语从句时，从句中通常没有情态动词，而且通常在so that前有逗号与主句隔开。如：He got up early so that he could take the first bus.（目的状语从句）He got up early this moming, so that he took the first bus.（结果状语从句）5 .比拟状语从句：定义:充当比拟状语的是个句子，那么这个句子就是比拟状语从句。He is as good as a thief.（他实际上就是一个贼）比拟状语从句的引导词：as.as,比拟级+than.如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.【注意】（l）as.as.的否认结构也可以是 not so .as. He is not as /so clever as you.（2）not +比拟级+than与no +比拟级+than.的区别He is not taller than she/her.He is no taller than she/her. =He is as short as she/her.目的状语从句：定义:充当目的状语的是个句子，那么这个句子就是目的状语从句。目的状语从句的引导词:so that, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。如:He studies hard so that he can work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time. He left early in case he should miss the train.*说明：当so that, in order that引导目的状语从句时,当主句和从句主语一致时,可以把in order that/so that从句改 成 in order to do sth/so as to do sth 的形式。如：He stood up in order that/ so that he could see the words in the blackboard clearly=He stood up in order to /so as to see the words in the blackboard clearly.6 .让步状语从句：定义:在意思上表示退一步讲的状语，有一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就是让步状语从句。如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.He's old, he can still carry this heavy bag.让步状语从句引导词:although, though, as, even if-cvcn though,疑问词+ ever(whatevcr/whcnevcr/whocver.), whether .or, no mattcr+疑问词(who, when, what,.)。如：Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I'll never change my mind.【注意】(I)让步状语从句的although, though等不能与“but”连用。(2)as引导让步状语从句时，结构如下：形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、前无冠词的可数名词单数+as+主语+谓语+其它+主句。如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.=Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Tired as he was, he kept working.尽管他