英语简单句的五种句型.doc

一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、 主语：主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-thirdof the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：1)简单谓语：由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。如：We study for the people.2.复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.3、表语:表语是谓语的一部分，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must beout of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4、 宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，一般位于及物动词和介词之后。They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）5、 宾语种类：（1）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。如：He gave me some ink.双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dong ming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）二、简单句的五种基本句型 只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子，称作简单句。五种基本句型歌 ：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键； 系词后面接表语；vi独身无牵连； vt又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见，  还有宾语补足语；各种搭配记心间。简单句有以下5种基本句型： 基本句型一： （主谓） 基本句型二： （主谓表） 基本句型三： （主谓宾） 基本句型四： （主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： （主谓宾宾补）三、句型实例句型一： （主谓） 主语+不及物动词+状语此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例：It is raining heavily.My tooth aches.The sun was shining. 句型二：主语+连系动词+表语此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。（做表语的可是名词，形容词，副词和介词短语）例：This is an English-Chinese dictionary. The dinner smells good. Everything looks different. He is out.句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。例：They enjoy the play.I met John in the street yesterday.Who knows the answer? He enjoys reading.He said "Good morning."句型四：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。例：He bought her a watch.The sun gives us light.She ordered herself a new dress.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.He brought you a dictionary.He denies her nothing.I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.I told him hat the bus was late.He showed me how to run the machine. 注意：双宾语一个指人（即间接宾语），另一个指物（即直接宾语）。一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for 。间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来），give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等。 句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。例：She found him a very clever student.I make it a rule to get up early in the morning.They appointed him manager.They found the house deserted.What makes him think so?We saw him out.He asked me to come back soon.I saw them getting on the bus.注意：当宾语意思表达不完整时，需要用不足及补充说明宾语的状态、性质等。用作宾语补足语的通常有名词、形容词、动词不定式等。当谓语动词为see, hear , watch, feel 等感官动词或者let, have , make 等使役动词时，如果不定式作宾语补足语，必须省略to。 练习：指出下列简单句各属于基本句型中的哪一种。A主语+连系动词+表语B主语+不及物动词C主语+及物动词+宾语D主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语E主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语1.Madame Curies motherland was Poland. _2.Jack became a skilled taxi-driver soon. _3.The world is changing. _4.Advertisements go everywhere. _5.A single egg in the monthers body forms indentical twins. _6.The temple needs cleaning and repairing. _ 7.The doctor taught the gymnast体操运动员how to protect his own body. _8.The boy told the policeman where he lived. _9.Two men behind will not let him escape. _10.The air in loose snow keeps the animals warm. _Key 1 A 2.AC 3.B 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 D 8 D 9 E 10 E基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词 ( S + V )1. 他昨天早上起床很晚。_2. 那天晚上我们谈了很多。_3. 会议将持续两个小时。_4. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.( the May Fourth Movement)_5. 这个盒子重五斤。(kilo)_6. 五年前我住在北京。_7. 在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。_ 基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语( S + V +O )1. 昨晚我写了一封信。_2. 我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently_3. 你介意我开窗户吗？_4. 你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。_5. 他指出我的作文中的错误。point out, composition_6. 我们必须派人去请医生。_7. 你在工作中可以依靠他。_8. 写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。go over_基本句型（三）主语+系动词+表语( S + V + C )1.我的兄弟都是大学生。_2. 这本书是关于美国历史的书。_3. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery_4. 他失业了。_5. 树叶已经变黄了。_6. 这个报告听起来很有意思。_7. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。_8. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist_9. 孩子们，请保持安静。_基本句型（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO )1. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_2. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary_3. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。_4. 我替你叫辆出租车好吗？_5. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。_6. 他把车票给列车员看。conductor_基本句型（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C )1. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider_2. 我们把小偷释放了。setfree_3. 他叫我们参加做游戏。_4. 我要你把真相告诉我。_5. 每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。_6. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。makefrightened_7. 他每个月理一次发。_8. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。_ 基本句型练习答案三 指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。1.（6） 2. (1) (3) (8) 3. (4) 4. (7) 5. (5) 6. (2)基本句型（一）主语+ 不及物动词 ( S + V )1. He got up very late yesterday morning. 2. That evening we talked a great deal.3. The meeting will last two hours.4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.5. This box weighs five kilos. 6. I lived in Beijing five years ago.7. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.基本句型（二）主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 ( S + V +O )1. I wrote a letter last night. 2.My father can speak English fluently.3.Do you mind my opening the window.4.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.5.He pointed out the mistakes in my composition.6.We must send for a doctor. 7.You can depend on him in your work.8.After writing a composition, we must go over it.基本句型（三）主语 + 系动词 + 表语 ( S + V + C )1 My brothers are all college students.2 This book is about the history of the United States.3 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.4 He is out of work. 5. The leaves have turned yellow.6 The report sounds interesting. 7. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy8 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.9. Children , keep quiet please.基本句型（四）主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO )1. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.2. Would you please pass me the dictionary.3. My father has bought me a new bike.4. Shall I call you a taxi?5. This term I have written three letters to my parents.6. He showed the ticket to the conductor.基本句型（五）5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C )1. All of us consider him honest. 2. The have set the thief free.3. He asked us to join in the game. 4. I want you to tell me the truth.5. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.6. The terrible sound made the children frightened.7. He has his hair cut once a month.8. We will make our school more beautiful.二、简单句、并列句和复合句 按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 8 / 8