透析中考英语被动语态考点.doc

透析中考英语被动语态考点 被动语态是中考的常考考点，其考查形式灵活，考查内容隐蔽，要求准确把握时态，并能在不同的场景中灵活区分和运用。学习中要反复在时态的变化中灵活运用被动语态结构，学会用be动词来满足各时态对谓语动词的要求及变化形式。 一、中考常考时态的被动语态 被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，be随时态的变化而变化，中考对被动语态的考查通常从以下几种时态入手。 1.一般现在时。 表示现在或经常发生的被动动作时，用一般现在时的被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)”构成。 【考例1】Don't smoke here, Dad. Smoking in public places. ( 2015年福建卷) Oh, sorry. I11 stop right now. A. isn't allowed B. aren't allowed C. down't allow 解析:A。根据句意可知要用一般现在时的被动语态，根据被动语态结构be+动词过去分词，排除C，再根据单复数排除B。 【考例2】 Hangzhou as the city of silk .Tourists like shopping for silk there.(2017年河北卷) A .knows B. is known C. was known D. will be known 解析:B。句中Hangzhou是动作的承受者。杭州作为丝绸城市是客观存在的，谓语用一般现在时的被动语态。 2.一般过去时。 表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态由“was / were十及物动词的过去分词(+by十实施者)”构成。 【考例1】Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety into use last month.(2017年宜昌卷) Can you tell me what they are? A. were putting B. have been put C. were put D. put 解析:C。承受者作主语，一般要考虑用被动语态。又因为时间状语是last month，可知谓语用一般过去时态的被动语态，故可排除A,B,D项。 【考例2 】 The mobile phone in 1973. (2017北京) A. invents B. is invented C. invented D. was invented 解析:D。该题主语是“The mobile phone” ,谓语动词为“invent”。“手机”不能主动发出“发明”的动作，只能“被发明”，确定该题选择被动语态。再根据句尾的时间状语“in 1973”可知该题用一般过去时态的被动语态结构。 3.一般将来时。 表示从现在看将来发生的被动动作，用一般将来时的被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态由“will / shall be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)或am / is / are going to be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)”构成。 【考例1 】 Let's wait and see whether books by the Internet in the future. ( 2017年天津卷) A. replace B. replaced C. will be replaced D. were replaced 解析:C。本题综合考查时态和语态在宾语从句中的应用。主句“Let's wait and see”用一般现在时态，宾语从句根据by the Internet和in the future可知用一般将来时态的被动语态。 【考例2 】 A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week. A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives 解析:B 。 “A talk”应是被给的，再根据next week，可知本空用一般将来时态的被动语态。 4.现在完成时。 表示在过去某个时候发生的被动动作一直延续到现在，且该动作的结果对现在造成影响，此时用现在完成时的被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态由“has / have been+及物动词的过去分词(+by十实施者)”构成。 【考例】 Great changes have taken place in this city. Right. Many modern tall buildings have been these days. A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up 解析:B。句中已表明是现在完成时态，现在完成时态的被动语态结构为have/has been+及物动词的过去分词，put up有建造的意思，put的过去分词和原形一样，故答案选B。 5.情态动词。 情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。 【考例】Life is becoming convenient with the Internet.(2017宜昌) That's true! Almost everything be done online. A. must B. would C. should D. can 解析:D。现实生活中并不是所有的事情都能在网上完成，故选D。 二、被动语态的特殊类型 1.在被动语态中，有时用get/become代替be，构成“get / become+过去分词”结构，这种用法多用于口语中，其后通常不跟by+实施者，它表示一种结果或状态，而非动作。 【考例】Do you offer clean your classroom? Yes, our classroom every day. A. cleaned B. are cleaned C. has cleaned D. becomes cleaned 解析:D。根据every day可确定用一般现在时，可排除A,C，再根据get/become代替be,构成“get / become+过去分词”，可排除B,根据主语是单数形式也可以排除B。 2.含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说: A present was given to me on my birthday. 注意:一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如:bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。例如: The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 【考例1】A beautiful picture the children in the classroom. A. was shown to B. was shown C. were shown to D. were shown 【答案】A。 【考例2】 A nice gift her daughter on her last birthday. A. is bought B. was bought C. was bought for D. was bought to 【答案】C。 3.主动语态中省略带to的动词的句子在改为被动语态后动词前要加上to。例如: He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday. 【考例1】At last the boy was made and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop to cry 【答案】C。 【考例2】These children dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to 【答案】A。 4.常见的固定句型结构如下: It is ( was ) agreed ( believed/decided/hoped/thought. )that大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为) It is ( was ) well known that众所周知 It is ( was ) taken for granted that被视为当然 It must be remembered that务必记住 It mustn't be forgotten that千万别忘记 It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested ) that据说(报道、听说、告知、建议) 5.不用被动语态的情况，常见的有:连系动词feel, get, grow等后不用被动语态;短暂性动词appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, stand等后不用被动语态。当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语有:fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。 三、自我检测 从所给选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Would you like to go to the beach with me? I'd love to . But I to give a speech about the environment. A. is asked B. was asked C. asked D. ask 2. It' s not your turn yet. Please wait on the chair over there until you . A. are calling B. have called C. are called 3.Waiter, a glass of orange juice, please. Sorry. Orange juice only for breakfast. A. will serve B. serves C. is served 4.I want to teach in the poor countryside of Qinghai when I graduate from the college. Me, too. Teachers very much there. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. needed 5.Can Mr. King spare some time for the meeting? If he ，he will try his best to make it. A. will be invited B. is invited C. invites D. invited 6. People in Urumqi are glad that the subway by the end of the year 2017. A. will complete B. will be completed C. has completed D. is completed 7.Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. I'm sorry, but I when to meet. A. don't tell B. didn't tell C. haven't told D. wasn't told 8.Many old houses around our school next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down 9.My watch . Don't worry. Let's go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped 10.Did you go to Sam's weekend party? No, I . A. am not invited B. wasn't invited C. haven't invited D. didn't invite 11.How often your school sports meeting ? Once a year. A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold 12.On May 30th, one bowl in the Ming dynasty(明朝) at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold 13.The " Thousand- hand Guanyin" by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening. A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards 14.Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they in Hangzhou. A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted 15.Don't litter the ground, boy. Look at the sign: "Rubbish into the dustbin." Sorry. A. has throw B. was throw C. must throw D. must be thrown1-5 BCCCB 6-10 BDBAB 11-15 CDACD