精品解析：2022年江苏省常州市中考英语真题（解析版）.docx

常州市二。二二年初中学业水平考试英语试题考前须知:L本试卷共8页，全卷总分值为90分。考试时间为100分钟。考生须将答案书写在答题卡上，写在试卷上的一律无效。2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考试证号填写在试卷上，并填写答题卡上的考生信息。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。一、单项选择（共10小题;每题1分，总分值10分）从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。1. 一How this question is! I've spent two hours on it.一Let me help you!A. practicalB. generalC. difficultD. natural【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：这个问题真难！我在它上花了两个小时。让我来帮助你！考查形容词辨析。practical实际的；general 一般的；difficult困难的；natural自然的。根据 ，Tve spent two hours on it”可知，在这个问题上花费了 2个小时，说明它很难，应选C。2. does your school organize an English Reading Festival?一Once a term.A. How oftenB. How oldC. How longD. Howsoon【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意： 你们学校多久组织一次英语阅读节？ 一学期一次。考查特殊疑问句。How often多久一次；How old多大；How long多长；How soon多久。根据答语“Once a term.”可知，此处对频率进行提问，应选A。3. Learning is a life-long journey, for it brings us new every day.A. everythingB. nothingC. anythingD.something【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：学习是一生的旅程，因为它每天都给我们带来新的东西。考查不定代词辨析。everything每件事，指所有事物；nothing没有什么，表完全否认；cResearchers are using an underwater drone （无人机）to get information on carbon dioxide （CO2 ） levels in the ocean. It is believed to be the first time that such a device （装置）has been used purposely to test CO2 levels.The device, which the team also calls a glider, is designed to go down to 1,000 meters in deep ocean areas and can operate for weeks at a time.The purpose of the research is to provide scientists with data （数据）about how climate change is influencing the ocean's chemistry. The sei仔swimming drone was placed in the Gulf of Alaska this spring. Reporters from The Associated Press recently joined researchers on a boat in Alaska's Resun-ection Bay to see the drone in action.The team says the project could be a major step forward in measuring（测量）the environmental health of oceans. The scientists are most interested in levels of ocean acidification（酸性）.This happens when CO2 emissions（排放）in the air make their way into the ocean. Ocean acidification can harm or kill some kinds of sea life.Scientists have connected CO2 emissions with global（全球）warming caused by human activities.In a way, oceans have given humans a helping hand by taking in（吸收）some of the CO2 . If there were no oceans, uptake, there would be much more CO2 in the air. This would trap more of the sun's heat and further warm the Earth.“But the problem now is that the ocean is changing its chemistry because of this uptake J said team member Claudine Hauri.One of the best ways to measure ocean acidification is to collect CO2 measurements. Until now, these collections were mostly done from ships or with devices floating at the ocean surface or on the ocean floor.30. What is probably this passage?A. An advertisement.B. Part of a news report.C. Part of a science fiction.D. A text from a chemistry textbook.31. What do we know about a glider?A. It must be used together with floating devices.B. It is used to measure ocean acidification.C. It is used to stop CO2 from entering the ocean.D. It is used to measure CO2 levels in the air.32. What does the underlined word “uptake“ in Paragraph 6 most probably mean?A. The act of covering an area.B. The act of slowing something down.C. The act of taking something in.D. The act of killing or harmingsomething.33. What is troubling the scientists?A. The underwater drone can't swim by itself.B. The drone can only last one week at a time.C. Oceans are stopping taking in CO2 from the air.D. Too much CO2 is making its way into oceans.【答案】30.B31. B 32. C 33. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，向我们介绍研究人员正在使用水下无人机获取海洋中二氧 化碳水平的信息。【30题详解】推理判断题。本文主要向我们介绍研究人员正在使用水下无人机获取海洋中二氧化碳水平 的信息，所以推测可能在新闻报道上看到这篇文章，应选B。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据“Researchers are using an underwater drone （无人机）to get information on carbon dioxide （CO2 ） levels in the ocean. It is believed to be the first time that such a device （装 置）has been used purposely to test CO2 levels."和“The device, which the team also calls a glider”可知，滑翔机设备专门用于测定海洋二氧化碳水平，应选B。【32题详解】词句猜想题。分析“In a way, oceans have given humans a helping hand by taking in（吸收）some of the CO2 . If there were no oceans9 uptake, there would be much more CO2 in the air.”可矢口, 海洋在某种程度上帮助了人类，吸收了一些二氧化碳，如果没有海洋的吸收，空气中的二 氧化碳就会更多。所以此处uptake的意思是“吸收' 应选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据“This happens when CO2 emissions（排放）in the air make their way into the ocean. Ocean acidification can harm or kill some kinds of sea life.”可知，空气中的二氧化碳大 量排放进入海洋，海洋酸化会伤害或杀死一些海洋生物。应选D。DBeing sad or in a low mood is a normal （正常的）part of life. Many people feel down from time to time. For example, when people face challenging events in their lives, such as financial（经 济的）difficulty or major changes, ifs common to feel down. But in most cases the bad feelings slowly disappear.As for depression（抑郁症）,however, the bad mood lasts for weeks, months, or ever longer because it is a mental（精神的）illness. As the World Health Organization（WHO） noted, depression is a mood disorder. It shows in different ways, including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts for a long time and greatly harms a person's ability at work or school or in the daily life. People with depression usually don't like to talk about theirproblems with others. More seriously, depression may even lead to the act of killing oneself."Depression is not just a bout（一阵）of sadness or a sign of weakness and you can't just simply stop feeling depressed.said the health news website .But depression is not a person's problem. It9s also more common than most people think. It is hurting about 280 million people around the world, according to WHO.Though depression is worrying, we don't have to be afraid of it. Depression can be treated by getting professional（专业的）help, taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both. In fact, when you begin to feel the danger of depression, you can try to deal with it early by yourself. Listening to music, doing some sports and drawing some pictures might help you feel better. Another useful way is talk therapy. When we are attacked by a low mood, having a conversation with others is of great help. Being honest about how we feel does not make us weak, it makes us human.34. Who is most probably experiencing depression?A. Lily, who is going to have an important exam and hasn't slept well for 3 days.B. May, who dislikes her new school and has complained to her parents 3 times.C. Ben, who thinks life worthless and has cried alone over 3 times a week in the past monthTom, who finds subjects hard and has talked to his teacher about it 3 times this week.35. What does the writer think of depression?B. Uncommon although harmful.D. Treatable although worrying.B. Ways of treating depression.D. Results of depression.A. Normal and nothing serious.C. Unavoidable and untreatable.36. What's the passage mainly about?A. Knowledge of depression.C. Reasons for depression.【答案】34.C35. D 36. A【解析】【导语】本文介绍了抑郁症正在伤害全世界约2.8亿人，以及一些有关抑郁症的治疗措施 等。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据"As the World Health Organization(WHO) noted, depression is a mood disorder. It shows in different ways, including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts fbr a long time and greatly harms a person's ability at work or school or in the daily life”可知，抑郁症是一种情绪障碍。它以不同的方式表现出来，包括对正常 活动失去兴趣和自我价值感低下，抑郁症患者通常不喜欢与他人谈论他们的问题，应选Co【35题详解】观点态度题。 根据“Though depression is worrying, we don't have to be afraid of it. Depression can be treated by getting professional（专业的）help, taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both.”可知，虽然抑郁症令人担忧，但我们不必害怕它。抑郁症可以通过专业的帮助来治 疗，服用药物或两者混合治疗，即虽然令人担忧但可以治疗，应选D。【36题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了什么是抑郁症、抑郁症的表现及抑郁症的治 疗方法等，A最合适，B、C、D比拟片面。应选A。四、还原句子（共4小题;每题1.5分，总分值6分）阅读下面短文从短文后所给的六个选项中选出四个可以填入空白处的最正确选项。Life is full of choices and decisions. Here are some steps to help you make wise decisions.First, it's better to make a decision quickly than avoid it for a month because you're afraid of choosing. 37 Also, some choices usually have time limits. So to keep our brains from getting too tired, we needn't think about the cost of every single choice. Narrow down the list and try comparing only the best two or three.Next, think about the value and cost of each choice. 38 Or better yet, create a scorecard,on which you give out bigger point values to what you think is more important. This way you can tell if one huge advantage is more important than a group of little disadvantages.Then, stay calm and give yourself some space. You don't want to delay（延迟）for weeks, but if you're about to make a hasty（仓促的）decision, you may end up picking something you regret.39 And it might take you a few days for major choices, like choosing your ideal high school.40 Why? Because it's good to get a fresh way of thinking from others who are not as worried as you. Consider their opinions（观点）even if they are not what you want to hear. You need to take different opinions into consideration so that you will make a wise decision.A. You'll need at least one night to "sleep on it”.B. And you don't have to make a decision alone.C. They are the best chances to show your personality.D. These ways of letting out what you are feeling are helpful.E. It's very tiring to think things over but fail to decide in time.F. To do that, you can make a list of advantages and disadvantages.【答案】37.A38. F 39. E 40. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍帮助你做出明智的决定的一些步骤。【37题详解】根据"So to keep our brains from getting too tired, we needn't think about the cost of every single choice.”可知，本段建议不让我们的大脑变得太累，选项A“你至少需要一个晚上来“睡一 觉“。"符合语境，应选A。【38题详解】根据“Next, think about the value and cost of each choice.”可知,考虑每个选择的价值和成 本，选项要做到这一点，你可以列出优点和缺点。”符合语境，应选F。【39题详解】根据“Then, stay calm and give yourself some space. You don't want to delay(延迟)for weeks, but if you9re about to make a hasty(仓促的)decision, you may end up picking something you regret. 可知，拖延不好，但是仓促地做决定也不好，选项E“事情想了很久又不能及时做出决定， 真是累人。”符合语境，应选E。【40题详解】根据"Because ids good to get a fresh way of thinking from others who are not as worried as you.” 可知，因为从没有你担忧的人那里得到一种新的思维方式是件好事，所以此处建议可以听 听他人的意见，选项B“你不必单独做决定。”符合语境，应选B。五、综合填空(共10小题;每题I分，总分值10分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Museums play a big role in our society. They are also 41 important classroom for primary and secondary school students. During holidays, groups of young museum guides42 (see) everywhere in Changzhou Museum. Since 2011, Changzhou Museum43 (carry) out more than 100 public training activities for volunteer guides.In July, 2021,1 was chosen 44 (be) a volunteer guide in Changzhou Museum.45 it was my first time to serve there, I didn't know what to do. Luckily, the teachers there gave many interesting training classes, including "Public Places and Manners", "Red History and Red Culture“ and so on. I was deeply touched by the stories of 46 (pioneer) like Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei. I was impressed that they had risked 47 (lose) their lives to create a new China.In the following month,! guided hundreds of tourists and did my job 48 (success). This experience had a great influence 49 me. I know more about my hometown and the meaning of life. I feel 50 (pride) of being a volunteer guide to help more people learn about Changzhou.【答案】41. an 42. are seen. has carried43 to be45. Because#Aspioneers46. losing48. successfully49. on 50. proud【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者作为常州博物馆导游的经历。【41题详解】句意:它们也是中小学生的重要教室。此处泛指一个教室，“important”首字母发元音音素，故填an。【42题详解】句意：假日期间，常州博物馆里随处可见一群群年轻的导游。本句主语是动作的承受者， 时态是一般现在时，故填are seen。【43题详解】句意：自2011年以来，常州博物馆开展了 100余次志愿者导游公共培训活动。根据“Since 2011”可知，时态应使用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，故填hascarried。【44题详解】句意：2021年7月，我被选为常州博物馆的志愿者导游。be chosen to be “被选为”，故 填 to be。45题详解】句意：因为这是我第一次在那里服务，我不知道该怎么办。“it was my first time to serve there”是“I didn't know what to do”的原因，用because/as引导原因状语从句，句首需大写首 字母，故填Because/As。【46题详解】句意:我被瞿秋白、张太雷等先驱者的故事深深打动了。根据力ike Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei”可知，此处应使用名词复数形式，故填pioneers。【47题详解】句意：我对他们冒着失去生命的危险创立新中国印象深刻。risk doing"冒险做某事"，故填 losingo【48题详解】句意：在接下来的一个月里，我带着了数百名游客，并顺利完成了我的工作。此处在句中 修饰动词，用副词形式，故填successfully。【49题详解】句意：这段经历对我影响很大。have a/an+adj+influence on”对有的影响”，故填【50题详解】句意：我很自豪能成为一名志愿者导游，帮助更多的人了解常州。feel proud。巾感到骄 傲”，故填proudo六、根据所给中文完成句子（共6小题;每题15分，总分值9分）.这些科学家们正在为我们翻开一个全新的世界。The scientists to us.【答案】are opening up a whole new world【解析】【详解】open up“翻开”,a whole new world”一个全新的世界”，根据句意可知,时态是现 在进行时，主语是复数，故填are opening up a whole new worldo.汤姆，你将在什么时候展示如何进行垃圾分类？into different groups, Tom?【答案】 When are you going to show us how to separate waste【解析】【详解】when什么时候，be going to do sth将要做某事，show展示,how to separate waste 如何进行垃圾分类。故填 When are you going to show us how to separate wasteo.女足运发动们对自己要求非常严格，所以她们取得了很大的进步。Women football players were.【答案】very strict with themselves, so they have made great progress【解析】【详解】be very strict with oneself'对某人自己要求非常严格”，so所以，they她们，make great progress取得了很大的进步。根据句意可知，后半句时态是现在完成时，故填very strict with themselves, so they have made great progresso.如果你放弃，你就会落后。You.【答案 J will fall behind, if you give up【解析】【详解】fall behind落后，if如果，you你,giveup放弃。此处是if引导的条件状语从句, 满足“主将从现"原那么，故填will fall behind, if you give upo.西蒙，在公众场所要降低你的嗓音。Simon,in public places.【答案】keep your voice down【解析】【详解】keep your voice down“降低你的嗓音”，此处是祈使句，用动词原形，故填keep your voice down。51 .我们的城市和他们的一样因优美的环境而闻名。Our city.【答案】is as famous for its beautiful environment as theirs【解析】【详解】as famous foras"和 样因 而闻名”,beautiful environment”优美的环 境"，theirs“他们的"，代替their city。本句时态是一般现在时，be动词用is,故填is as famous for its beautiful environment as theirs o七、书面表达（共1题;总分值15分）52 .某中学生英文报Your Voice栏目中有如下征文通知，请你写篇英语文章投稿，谈 谈你的想法。It's not very easy for teenagers to make true friends. Some of them make friends by following suit （随大流）.That means they do the same as their friends, such as playing online games or saying bad words behind others, although they're not willing to.Share your ideas about the topic.1. Is it wise to follow suit in order to make friends?2. How can teenagers make true friends?Don't forget to support your ideas with your experience as an example.注意：L文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2.词数100左右；文章的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。I want to share my ideas about the topic.【答案】例文I want to share my ideas about the topic.In my opinion, making friends by following suit is not wise. Because everyone is an individual, with his own interests and personality. So don't follow the crowd and just do what other people like to do.We should make friends with those who can give us help and share our happiness and sadness. To make true friends, you must be friendly to others. Smile at others and you will get a smile in return. You can make friends with those who share the same interest with you or those who are totally different from you. Try to help your friends when they are in trouble because a friend in need is a friend indeed.【解析】【详解】1 .题干解读：本文是一篇材料作文。要求以“交友”为话题，结合提示内容进行 写作。注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。2.写作指导：写作时要以第一、第二人称来行文，时态用一般现在时。作文可分为三段， 第一段引出话题；第二段介绍自己认为为了交朋友而跟风是否是明智的；第三段介绍青少 年怎样才能交到真正的朋友。要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。anything任何东西，用于否认句和疑问句代替something； something某物，