苏教译林版初中英语八年级上册语法专项解析与巩固练习.docx

专项语法讲练过去进行时及when和while引导的时间状语从句【概念引入】Tom: I got a traffic ticket this afternoon.Lily: Were you parking in the wrong place?Tom: No, I was driving too fast.Lily: How fast were you going?Tom: 55 in a 35 mile per hour zone.Lily: Why were you in such a hurry?Tom: I left school late and I was trying to get home before the rush hour.Lily: Did you make it?Tom: No, when the police officer was giving me the ticket, the rush hour started. It took me twice as long to get home.【点睛】请注意以下有特殊标注的地方，这几个句子用的都是过去进行时。1. Were you parking in the wrong place?2. No, I was driving too fast.3. How fast were you going?4.1 was trying to get home before the rush hour.5. No, when the police officer was giving me the ticket.【译文】Tom:今天下午我被开罚单了。Lily:你违章停车了吗？Tom:不，我超速了。Lily:你车速多少迈？Tom:在限速35英里每小时的地区开了 55迈。Lily:你为什么这么匆忙？Tom:我离开学校晚了，我想在高峰时间前到家。Lily:你做到了吗？Tom:没有，当警察给我开罚单的时候，高峰时间开始了。我用了(平时)两倍的时间才到家。 【用法讲解】一、什么是过去进行时？(1)表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如：They were singing songs from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候他们一直在唱歌。What was he doing all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在干什么？(2)由when引导的时间状语从句，表示过去某一时刻，当一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在 进行；或某一动作正进行时，突然发生另外一件事。例如：It was raining when they arrived at the station.他们到达车站的时候，天正在下雨。C. most serious problems D. the most serious problemsOf all the students in our class, Jack is.A. taller B. tallest C. the tallest D. very tallThis is book in our library.A. the most interesting B. most interesting C. the more interesting D. more interestingthink the song in the film “Titanic" is one of all the movie songs.A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful C. a beautiful D. much more beautifulMr. Smith thought the Century Park was the second in Shanghai.A. large B. larger C. largest D. very large真题链接1. We are happy to see our city is developing these years than before.A. quicklyB. the most quicklyC. very quicklyD. more quickly2. Air pollution has become than ever before. We must do something to stop it.A. seriousB. more seriousC. most serious D. the most serious3. Mo Yan is one of writers in the world.A. famousB. more famous C. most famous D. the most famous【答案与解析】L写出以下形容词与副词的比拟级及最高级形式。1. longer, longest 2. wider, widest5. farther/further, farthest furthest7. wetter, wettest 8. hotter, hottest II.用所给词的正确形式填空。3. fatter, fattest 4. heavier, heaviest6. more interesting, most interesting9.nicer, nicest 10. more, most1. cleverer 2. less 3. older4. interesting 5. well; better6. happier 7. calmer 8. more outgoing 9. big10. farther11. the tallest 12. the youngest 13. the most interesting 14. the most 15. (the)best 16. (the) slowest 17. the most difficult 18. the farthest 19. the longest 20. the most beautifulIIL句型转换，每空一词。1. not as 2. taller than 3. quieter than 4. as athletic as 5. thinner IV.完成句子，每空一词。1. taller than 2. as/so outgoing as 3. a little taller 4. warmer and warmer5. The harder; the better 6. the tallest 7. the hottest 8. the second largest city9. the cleanest 10. one of the longest riversV单项选择。1. D。“.oneofthe+最高级+名词复数”表示“之一”。2. Co由前文的of all the students可知应该用最高级。3. Ao根据in ourlibrary可知应该用最高级，且形容词最高级前加the。4. Ao 根据 of all the movie songs 可知用最高级，beautiful 的最高级是 the most beautifuloCo形容词最高级前可用序数词限定，共同修饰后面的名词，其结构为：the+序数词+形容 词最高级+名词。真题链接l.Do本句意为：我们很高兴看到我们的城市这些年来比以前开展更快。我们可以看一到than before,所以这里用比拟级形式。所以答案选D。2. Bo句意：空气污染比以前更严重了。我们必须想方法来阻止它。此题考查形容词比拟级。 由设空处后的than可知应用比拟级，serious的比拟级为more serious,故答案为B项。3. Do此题考察形容词最高级最常考的一个句型“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最之一" OMy brother was riding his bicycle when he fell off and hurt himself. 我哥哥在骑自行车时，突然从车上摔了下来并受了伤。(3)由while引导的时间状语从句，常表示在过去某一时刻发生的事情是可延续的或同时发生 的，此时，主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：He was selling the newspaper while he was waiting for the bus.他边等车边卖报。My mother was cooking while I was watching TV.妈妈做饭时我在看电视。二、过去进行时的标志词：与过去进行时经常连用的时间状语有：this morning, from nine to ten, last night, when, while等。三、过去进行时的基本句式结构：(1)肯定式:主语+ was / were + V-ing +其它。例如：I was waiting for you from eight to ten yesterday morning.昨天早晨从八点到十点我都一直在等你。(2)否认式:主语+ was / were not + V-ing +其它。例如:I wasn't playing football at three last Sunday.上周日三点我不是在踢足球。(3)疑问式：Was / Were +主语+ V-ing +其它？例如：What were you doing at that time?那时你在干什么？四、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时：(1)表心理状态、情感的动词，如：love; hate; like; care; respect; please; prefer; know(2)表存在、状态的动词，如：appear; exist; lie; remain; stand; seem(3)表感觉的动词，如:see; hear; feel; smell; sound; taste) 表时性的动词， 如：accept; allow; admit; decide; end; refuse; permit; promise 等。例如：I was falling asleep at 8: 00 last night. (X)I fell asleep at 8: 00 last night, (a/)昨晚我八点睡着的。I wasn't believing him. (X)I didn't believe him. (d)我不相信他。I was deciding what to do at that moment. (X)I decided what to do at that moment. (4)那时我决定怎样去做。专项语法讲练过去进行时及when和while引导的时间状语从句【巩固练习】一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.1 (do) my homework when Mike(come) last night.2. She(clean) the room when I(go) to see her.3. They(read) the newspaper when I(go) into the room.4. The teacher(talk) to some parents when I(see) her.5. The students(revise) for their lessons when Mr. Black(enter) the classroom.6. At that time they(watch) TV at home.7. What you(do) at eight last night?8. Ling Ling, what you(look) for?9. He said he(repair) his bike at the moment.10. It was a dark night. The wind(blow) hard and the rain(fall) heavily.11. He(wait) for her girl friend when I met him.12. He(eat) an egg when I saw him.13.1 was writing while he(listen) to music.二、按要求进行句型转换。1. We were having a PE class at four yesterday afternoon.(改为否认句)We a PE class at four yesterday afternoon.2. Kate was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.(改为一般疑问句，做肯、否回答)3. He ran in the park(用 at this time yesterday 改写)4. They were playing computer games at nine last night.(对划线局部提问)5.1 was reading a novel at three yesterday afternoon.(对戈ij线官4分提问)三、根据汉语提示完成句子。1 .他们那时不在打排球。They volleyball at that time.2 .当你回来时，他在看电视吗？he TV when you came back?3 .昨天中午他在哪里等你？he for you at noon yesterday?4 .当我离开时，他正在做家庭作业。He his homework when I left.5 .正当他们扫地的时候，老师进来了。While they the floor, the teacher came in.6 .昨天下午5点你在做什么？What you at five yesterday afternoon?7 .我走进屋子时他们正在看报纸。They the newspaper when I the room.8 .我去看她的时候她不是在清扫房间。She the room when I to see her.9 .我敲门的时候你在干什么？What you when I at the door?10 .昨天晚上八点我在读书，我妹妹在看电视。I while my sister TV.四、单项选择。真题链接一Did you watch the football match on TV last night?I wanted to, but my mother her favorite TV programme.A. watchesB. watchedC. was watching D. had watched一Miss Lin my deskmate when I left school.一She is really a nice teacher.A. helpsB.is helpingC. was helpingWhy did the car hit the boy?一Because the driver on the phone at that time.A. talkB. is talking C. was talking D. have talked I called you last night, but you didn't answer.一Sorry, Grace. I I am A Singer when the phone rang.A. am watching B. was watching C. have watchedwith my parents when he rang me up yesterday afternoon.A. am shopping B. am shoping C. was shopping D. was shoping【参考答案】一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. was doing; came 2. was cleaning; went 3. were reading; went 4. was talking; saw1. were revising; entered 6. were watching 7. were; doing 8. are; looking 9. was repairing 10. was blowing; was falling 11. was waiting 12. was eating 13. was listening 二、按要求进行句型转换。1. weren't havingWas Kate reviewing her lessons at eight last night? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.2. He was running in the park at this time yesterday.3. When were they playing computer games?4. What were you doing at three yesterday afternoon?三、根据汉语提示完成句子。1. weren't playing 2. Was; watching 3. Where was; waiting 4. was doing5. were cleaning 6. were; doing 7. were reading; entered 8. wasn't cleaning; went9. were; doing; knocked 10. was reading; was watching 四、单项选择。真题链接1. Co句意：一昨晚你在电视上看足球比赛了吗？一我想看，但我的母亲在看她最喜欢的电 视节目。根据句意可知是描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作，应该用过去进行时，应选C。2. C。句意：当我离开学校的时候，林老师正在帮助我的同桌。根据句中从句“when Heft school" 可知此题是在考查过去进行时的用法，所以应该选择C。3. Co句意：一一为什么汽车撞了那个孩子？一一因为司机那个时候正在打 。根据问句 中的did和答语中的at that time可知时态为过去进行时。故答案为Co4. Bo句意：一一我昨天晚上给你打 了，但是你没有接。一一对不起，Grace, 响 的时候我正在看我是歌手。am watching现在进行时，正在看；was watching过去进行时, 表示过去某个时间正在做某事；have watched现在完成时，已经看过了。根据对话的情境可 知，在那个人打 的时候，我正在看电视节目，这里说的是昨天晚上那个时间正在做的事 情，应该用过去进行时，应选B。5. Co句意：昨天下午他给我打 时，我正和父母一起买东西。一个过去动作发生时，另 一个过去动作正在发生。过去正在发生的动作用过去进行时态。shop是重读闭音节，变成 现在分词要双写p再加ing。应选C。形容词和副词的比拟级与最高级【概念引入】L比拟级及最高级名言Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。Learning makes the wise wiser and the fool more foolish.学问使聪明人更聪明，使愚人更愚。A good fame is better than a good face.美名胜过美貌。Don't try to look bigger and better than you really are.不要装得比自己真实形象更高大，更完美。The deepest feeling always shows itself in silence.最深沉的爱往往表现为沉默。The greatest talker are the least doers.理论的巨人，行动的矮子。Science is the most important and the most beautiful thing that man ever requires.科学是人类所需要的最重要和最美好的东西。He that runs fastest gets the ring.捷足先登。2.形容词及副词比拟级及最高级的定义大多数的形容词和副词都有三个级别：原级、比拟级、最高级。其中比拟级表示“更”， 用于两者之间的比拟，用来说明“前者比后者更”，比拟级前面一般用much, even, a little 修饰，其中even, much只能修饰比拟级。当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比拟时，需要 用到形容词（副词）的最高级。表达”是最的"，用"the+形容词（副词）的最高级” 的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。例如：He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。I jump a little higher than he. 我跳得比他高一点点。London is the biggest city in Britain.伦敦是英国最大的城市。She sings the best in Class Two.二班她唱歌最好。【用法讲解】1 .形容词和副词比拟级、最高级的变化规那么(1)规那么变化的形容词及副词的比拟级和最高级一般在词尾直接加er或esto例如：tall-taller-tallest, long-longer-longest以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或sto例 如：nice-nicer-nicest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i,再加er或est。例 如：heavy-heavier-heaviest重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est。例如：big-bigger-biggest局部双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比拟级和most构成最高级。例如：slowly-more slowly-most slowly ； beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful(2)不规那么变化的形容词及副词的比拟级和最高级原级比拟级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest2 .比拟级和最高级句型：(1)形容词及副词比拟级的句型：1)比拟级+ than：比拟为。即：“A +动词+形容词或副词比拟级+ than + B”。两者相比拟，A比B更一些。例如：His brother is younger than I (me).他弟弟比我年轻。Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan.北京比武汉更漂亮。【注意】在比拟级前有时可加一些修饰语，如much, a lot, a little, still, even等以示强调或加强语气。 例如：This box is a little heavier than yours.这个箱子比你的要稍重一些。This movie is much more interesting than that one.这部影片比那部有趣得多。2) as. as： 和相同。即：A+动词+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B,表示A和B两者比拟,程度相同,“和相同"。例如：My uncle is as tall as your father.我叔叔和你父亲一样高。My dog is as old as that one.我的狗与那个狗一样大。3) A + not+as +形容词或副词原级+ as+B表示A, B两者程度不同，即“A不如B那 么例如：My uncle is not as tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父亲高。Tom is not as honest as John.汤姆不如约翰老实。He can't run as /so fast as you.他没你跑得快。4)“比拟级+ and+比拟级”或“more and more +原级(多音节词和局部双音节词)”意为“越来 越例如：Our city is more and more beautiful.我们的城市越来越美丽了。More and more countries begin to save the financial crisis.越来越多的国家开始拯救金融危机。5) “the+比拟级，the +比拟级”意为“越就越例如：The more you read, the more you know.你书读得越多，你知道得就越多。(2)形容词及副词最较级的句型：l).one of the +最高级+名词复数，意为“之一”。例如：Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.鲁迅是上世纪最伟大的作家之一。2)最高级+of(in/among)，意为”之中，最例如：Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.在所有的电影明星之中，我认为章子怡是最好的。3) This is / was +最高级+名词+that定语从句，意为“这是最例如：This is the worst film that I have seen these years.这是我这些年来看过的最不好的一部电影。3.形容词和副词的比拟级和最高级需要注意点：(1)当比拟级后面有of the two之类的词语时，比拟级前要加定冠词the。例如：Lucy is the taller of the twins.Lucy是双胞胎中比拟高的那个。(2)如果后面接名词时，much more +不可数名词，many more +可数名词复数。例如： The farmers have produced much more rice.这些农夫收了更多的稻谷。(3) old的比拟级形式有older和elder。elder只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。例如：My elder brother is a famous artist.我哥哥是一名有名的艺术家。(4) far的比拟级形式有farther和furthero 一般farther表示距离，而further表示更进一步。 例如：I have nothing further to say.我没有什么要说的了。(5)形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,但如果最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有 格等修饰时，那么不用定冠词。例如：My oldest daughter is 16 years old.我最大的女儿 16 岁。(6)形容词最高级常与由介词in或of引导的表示范围的短语连用。假设介词后的名词或代词 与句中的主语是同一事物时，那么用。f短语；当只说明是在某一空间、时间范围内的比拟时， 那么用in短语。例如：This apple is the biggest of all.在所有的苹果中，这个苹果最大。He is the youngest in his class.他在他班里年龄最小。(7)形容词最高级前可用序数词限定，共同修饰后面的名词，其结构为：the+序数词+形容词 最高级+名词。例如：Hainan is the second largest island in China.海南是中国的第二大岛。(8)形容词最高级的意义还可以用比拟级形式表达。常见的有：1)形容词比拟级+than any other+单数名词。例如：This book is more difficult than any other book here. =This book is the most difficult book of all.这些书当中这本最难。2)形容词比拟级+than the other+复数名词。例如：Asia is bigger than the other continents on the earth.亚洲是地球上最大的洲。(9)形容词最高级前假设有不定冠词a,这时，它不表示比拟，而表示“非常”的意思。例如:Spring is a best season.春天是一个非常好的季节。【巩固练习】L写出以下形容词与副词的比拟级及最高级形式。2. wide4. heavy6. interesting8. hot10. much1. long3. fat5. far9. nice9. nice7. wetIL用所给词的正确形式填空。1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the(clever) one.2. Gold(黄金)is(little) useful than iron(铁).3. My sister is two years(old) than I.4. The boy is not so(interesting) as his brother.5. Dick sings(well), she sings(well) than John.6. She will be much(happy) in her new house.7. She is(calm) than her friend.8. Lucy is the(outgoing) of the two girls.9. This room is not as(big) as that one.10. He lives(far) away from the school than I do.11. Tom is(tall) of the three.12. Li Lei is(young) boy in his class.1. .1 think English is(interesting) of all the subjects .14. David has(many) story books of all the students.15. Li Lei speaks English(well) in his group.16. Lucy runs(slow) in her class.17. This is(difficult) book in my bag.18. Which is(far) of the three places?19. The Changjiang River is one of(long) rivers in the world.20. Which city is(beautiful), Xi'an, Beijing or Nanjing?IIL句型转换，每空一词。1. Basketball is more popular than football in the USA.(改为同义句) Football is popular as basketball in the USA.2. Tom is tall. Jim is short.(合并为一句) Tom is Jim.3. Mike is not as quiet as his brother改为同义句) Mike's brother is Mike.4. Tm athletic. He's athletic, too.(合并为一句)I am he is.5. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.My dictionary is than yours.IV.完成句子，每空一词。1 .我的哥哥比你高。My brother is you.2 .他不如他的弟弟外向。He isn't his brother.3 .我想我比杰克高一点。I think I am than Jack.4 .春天来了，天气越来越暖和了。Spring is coming, it gets.5 .你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。you study,grades you will get.6 .那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的。The girl with short hair is in our class.7 .今天是一年中最热的一天。Today is day of the year.8 .中国第二大城市是哪座城市？Which isin China?9 .他的房间是三个中最干净的一个。His room is of the three.10 .长江是世界上最长的河流之一。The Yangtze River isin theworld.V.单项选择。1. Water pollution is one of in our country.A. serious problemB. the more serious problems