人教版英语八年级下册重点词组句型及语法点汇总1.doc

英语八年级下册重点词组、句型及语法点汇总 Unit 1 Whats the matter? 怎么了？一、重点词组 1. have a fever / cough / cold 发烧 /咳嗽 /感冒2. have a toothache / stomachache 牙疼/胃疼3. have a sore back / throat 背疼 /喉咙痛4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水6. lie down 躺下7. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的热茶8. see a dentist 看牙医9. get an X-ray 拍X 光片10. take ones temperature 量体温11. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药12. all weekend 整个周末13. take breaks (=take a break) 休息14. in the same way 以同样的方式15. go to a doctor=see a doctor 看医生16. go along 沿着走17. shout for help 大声呼救18. without thinking twice 没有多想19. get off 下车20. have a heart problem 有心脏病21. to one s surprise 使惊讶的； 22. expect sb to do 期待某人做某事23. wait for 等待24. agree to do 同意做某事25. thanks to 多亏了；由于29. in time 及时30. save a/ones life 挽救生命31. help others 帮助别人32. think about 考虑；认为33. right away 立刻；马上34. get into trouble 造成麻烦（或烦恼）35. fall down 跌落36. mountain climbing 登山运动37. lose ones life 失去生命38. (be) in a difficult situation 在困境中39. by oneself 由某人自己40. run out (of) 用完；耗尽41. cut off 切除42. climb down 爬下43. get out of 离开；从出来44. make a decision=make decisions 做出决定45. be in control of 掌管；管理47. take risks (take a risk) 冒险二、常见搭配1. too much 太多 1> 修饰不可数名词 2> 修饰动词，表示程度 too many 太多 修饰可数名词复数 much too 太 修饰形容词或副词原级2. enough “足够的/地”1> 修饰名词，常置前 2> 修饰形容词或副词，常置后3. need to do 需要做某事4. without doing 没有做某事5. see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事 see sb do 看见某人做了某事6. 24-year-old 形容词，作定语，放名词前 24 years old 作表语，放be动词后7. be/get done 被动语态8. tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人（不）要做某事9. 常见的感官动词：sound, feel, smell, look, taste 1> be动词用法，后接形容词 2> 主动表被动10. have trouble = have problems 做某事有问题= have difficulties + doing11. be interested in sth/doing 对(做)某事感兴趣12. be used to sth/doing sth 习惯于某事/做某事 used to do 过去/曾经做某事（现在不） use sth to do sth 使用去做某事13. because 后接原因状语从句 because of 后接名词或doing14. be ready to do 乐意/准备好做某事15. so that 以便与；目的是，引导目的状语从句sothat 如此以至于，引导结果状语从句16. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事17. give up doing 放弃做某事18. mind doing 介意做某事三、语法点1. 询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：Whats the matter (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？Whats the trouble (with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症/身体部位+ache某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词(oneself)某部位+hurt(s).There is something wrong with ones+sb/部位2. 情态动词should的用法Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldnt，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.我将帮忙打扫城市公园。一、重点词组 1. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净2. Clean-Up Day 清洁日3. cheer up (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来4. give out 分发；散发5. come up with 想出；提出6. put up 建造；举起；张贴7. hand out 分发；散发；发给8. call up 打电话；召集9. make a plan=make plans 制订计划10. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难11. used to be 曾经的样子；过去的样子12. care for 关心；照顾13. the look of joy 快乐的表情14. at the age of 在岁时15. try out 试用；试行16. come true 实现17. at the same time 同时18. take after 与相像；像19. give away 赠送；捐赠20. fix up 修理；修补；解决21. be similar to 与相似22. set up 建立；设立23. disabled people 残疾人24. make a difference 影响；有作用25. at once 立刻；马上26. change ones life 改变某人的生活27. work out 解决；算出30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目二、常见搭配1. put off doing 推迟做某事2. give up doing 放弃做某事3. learn to do sth 学会做某事4. volunteer to do sth 志愿/义务做某事5. be busy with sth 忙于某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事6. be worried about sth/doing sth 担心(做)某事7. make it possible for sb to do sth 做某事对于某人有可能8. be excited about sth/doing sth 对(做)某事兴奋9. be able to do 能够做某事 be unable to do 不能做某事三、语法点1. 动词不定式A. 作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.或It takes sb. some time to do sth.B. 作宾语动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。C. 作（后置）定语D. 作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。E. 动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。F. 疑问词+to do结构2. 动词+副词短语A. 当宾语为名词时，放在副词前后均可。B. 当宾语为代词时，必须放在动词和副词之间。常见的动词+副词短语有：cheer up, give up, hand out, give out, put up, fix up, give away, call up, clean up, wake up, give backUnit 3 Could you please clean your room? 你能清理一下你的房间吗？一、重点词组 1. do the dishes 洗餐具2. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾3. fold ones/the clothes 叠衣服4. sweep the floor 扫地5. make ones/the bed 整理床铺6. clean the living room 打扫客厅7. go out for dinner 出去吃饭8. stay out late 在外面待到很晚9. go to the movies 去看电影10. get a ride 搭顺风车11. work on 从事12. at least 至少 at most 至多13. be back 回来14. be angry with sb 生某人的气15. throw down 扔下16. the minute=as soon as 一就17. come over 过来18. sit down 坐下19. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步20. all the time 频繁；反复21. all day / evening 整日 /夜22. shout back 大声回应23. walk away 走开24. in surprise 惊讶地25. share the housework 分担家务26. hang out 闲逛27. do chores 做杂务28. go to the store去商店29. buy drinks and snacks 买饮料和点心30. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事31. have enough stress from 有来自足够的压力32. a waste of time浪费时间33. in order to为了34. get good grades 取得好成绩35. depend on 依赖；依靠36. have no idea 不知道37. develop childrens independence发展孩子独立性38. look after=take care of 照顾；照看39. as a result 结果40. agree with sb 同意某人的观点/意见 disagree with sb 不同意某人的观点/意见二、常见搭配1. finish doing sth. 完成做某事2. a few “几个”，后接可数名词复数 few “很少，几乎没有”，后接可数名词复数 a little “一点儿”，后接不可数名词 little “很少，几乎没有”，后接不可数名词3. 1> question “问题”，需要回答的问题，与ask或answer搭配2> problem “问题”，需要解决的问题，与solve搭配4. in front of “在前面”，在所说范围之外 in the front of “在前面”，在所说范围之内5. asas “与一样”，中间加形容词或副词原级，。其否定形式为not as/soas，意为“不如那样”6. neither 1> 副词，“也不”，引导倒装句，表示“某人也不”，结构为：Neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语。2> 代词，“两者都不”，放在句首，作主语，其搭配为neither of+名词复数+谓语单数/复数均可。7. pass sb. sth.=pass sth to sb 把某物传给某人8. lend sb. sth.=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 borrow sb sth=borrow sth from sb 借某人某物9. hate to do=hate doing 讨厌做某事10. invite sb to +地点 邀请某人去某地 invite sb to do 邀请某人去做某事11. have time to do 有时间做某事12. 四个“花费”spend，人作主语，花钱/时间均可。其搭配为：1> spend 钱/时间 +on + sth 在某事上花钱/时间2> spend 钱/时间 +(in) + doing 花钱/时间做某事pay， 人做主语，只能花钱。其搭配为：人pay钱for物 某人为花钱买某物cost， 物作主语，只能花钱。其搭配为：物 cost 人+钱 物花了某人多少钱take， it作形式主语，只能花时间。其搭配为：it takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间13. there is no need for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事没有必要14. provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物 =provide sb with sth offer sb sth =offer sth to sb 为某人提供某物15. mind doing sth 介意做某事 mind sb/ones doing sth 介意某人做某事16. teach sb sth 教某人某事/物 teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 teach sb how to do sth 教某人如何做某事17. do one s part in (doing) sth. 做某人分内的事18. the+比较级, the +比较级 “越就越” 比较级and比较级 “越来越”三、语法点Could you please.?句型（1）请求别人时通常用此句型，情态动词could或can在意思上无区别，但是could显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I.?若在句末加上please，则显得更礼貌。（2）对Could you/I.?的问句作出肯定回答，常用“Sure/Certainly/Of course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“Sorry”。 一般不用No开头，用No显得语气生硬、不礼貌。Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和父母聊聊呢？一、重点词组 1. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 =have a fight with sb2. go to sleep 去睡觉3. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶4. on the phone 通过电话5. look through 浏览；翻看6. give back 归还7. be angry with sb. 生某人的气8. a big deal 重要的事9. work out 成功地发展；解决10. get on with 和睦相处；关系良好11. hang over 笼罩12. communicate with sb. 与某人交流13. explain to sb 向某人解释14. be oneself 做自己15. not anymore 不再16. spend time alone独自消磨时光17. a lot of pressure 很多压力18. compete with sb. 与某人竞争19. each other =one another 彼此；相互20. cut out 删除21. compare with 把和对比/比较22.push sb hard 把某人逼得紧23. think for oneself 独自思考24. in ones opinion 依来看二、常见搭配1. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事2. too much 太多 1> 修饰不可数名词 2> 修饰动词，表示程度 too many 太多 修饰可数名词复数 much too 太 修饰形容词或副词原级3. write sb a letter=write to sb 给某人写信4. find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事5. be nice to sb = be friendly to sb 对某人友好6. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事7. offer to do sth. 主动做某事8. mind doing sth 介意做某事 mind sb/ones doing sth 介意某人做某事9. without doing sth 没有做某事10. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 =be afraid to do sth 11. until “直到为止”，用于肯定句，与延续动词连用 notuntil “直到才”，用于否定句。12. its time for sth 该是某事时间了 its time to do sth 该是做某事时间了13. all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的 a kind of 一种 kind of 有点儿14. continue to do= continue doing 继续做某事15. be always doing sth 表示频繁或反复做某事，常含有赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。三、语法点1. Why don't you用于向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见。表示建议或请求的结构有：Would you like to do sth？ 你想要做某事吗？Shall I/we do sth ? 我我们做好吗？Why dont you do sth = Why not do sth ? 为什么不呢？How/What about doing sth ? 做某事怎么样？ Lets do sth让我们做吧。Youd better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。You should/could do sth 你应该/可以做某事2. until, so that ,although引导的状语从句：1> until：引导时间状语从句。如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“直到为止”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。2> so that：引导目的状语从句，“目的是；以便于”，从句中常含有情态动词。3）although：引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 当暴风雨来临时，你在做什么？一、重点词组 1. at the time of 在/当时候2. walk home 走回家3. go off (闹钟)发出响声4. wake up 醒来 wake sb up 叫醒某人5. take a hot shower 洗热水澡6. miss the bus 错过公交车7. pick up 接电话8. at that time 在那时9. pieces of 数块/片/张.10. make sure 确信；确认11. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着12. at first 起初；一开始13. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失14. in a mess 一团糟15. join sb 加入某人的行列16. have a look 看一看17. be in bad shape 严重变形18. by the side of the road 在路边19. walk by 走路经过20. make ones way to 奋力前行21. in history 历史上22. on the radio 通过广播23. in silence 沉默；无声24. take down 拆除；摧毁25.have meaning to 对有意义 26. look out of 向外面看27. tell the truth 讲实话28. point out 指出29. go up 上去30. call out 喊出二、常见搭配1. see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事 see sb do 看见某人做了某事2. either 1> 副词， “也不”， 用于否定句，放在句末，是too和also的否定形式2> 代词，“(两者之中)任何一个”，其搭配为either of, 后接名词复数+谓语单数3> 形容词，“(两者中)任一的”,后接名词单数+谓语单数4> 连词，“或者；要么”，其搭配为：eitheror，遵循就近原则。3. make sb do 让某人做某事 make sb adj 让某人处于某种状态 make it+adj+for sb+ to do做某事对某人来怎么样4. feel like 1> 感觉像 后接名词或句子 2> 想要 后接doing5. begin to do =begin doing 开始做某事 start to do = start doing6. try to do 努力/试图做某事 try doing 尝试做某事7. have fun= have a great/good time = enjoy oneself 过得愉快 +doing8. turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn up 调高 turn down 调低9. for example “例如”，举例说明（句子） such as “例如”， 列举同类事物说明10. over= more than 超过；多于11. 1> 时间段+ago, “多久以前”，用于一般过去时，用when提问 2> for+时间段，表示动作持续多长时间，用how long提问 3> in+时间段，“多久以后”，用于一般将来时，用how soon提问12. the rest of “剩余的”，作主语时，谓语的形式由of后的名词决定。13. remember doing 记得做过某事 remember to do 记得要做某事14. not+every，表部分否定，“并不是所有都”15. as well “也”，放在句末，前无逗号 too “也”，放在句末，前有逗号 also “也”，放在be动词、情态动词、助动词后，一般动词前 either “也不”，用于否定句，放在句末注意：too, also, as well均用于肯定句16. join sb 加入某人的行列 join +组织/团体 加入某个组织或团体17. stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事三、语法点过去进行时1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing3. 句式肯定式：主语+was/were+doing+其他否定式：主语+was/were+not+doing+其他疑问式：Was/Were+主语+doing+其他简略回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+wasnt/werent.4. 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 5. 过去进行时中的when和while1) 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。此时when与while可转换。When the teacher came in, we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in.2) 如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：They were singing while we were dancing.Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains. 一位老人设法移山。一、重点词组 1. as soon as 一就2. take away 带走；移走3. make sth. happen 使某事发生4. think about 认为；考虑；记得 think of 认为；记得5. a good way to do sth 做某事的好方法6. agree with sb 同意某人的观点7. solve a problem 解决问题8. be able to do 能够做某事9. for the first time 第一次10. be new to 对.新鲜/不陌生11. turn into 变成12. at other times 有时；在其他时候13. come out (书、电影等)出版14. fall in love with sb 与某人相爱15. get married to sb = marry sb 与某人结婚16. all over the world = around the world 全世界17. look at 看.18. make sth for sb 为某人做某物19. once upon a time 从前20. leave sb. to die. 让某人自生自灭21. in the moonlight 在月光下22. go to sleep 去睡觉23. get lost=be lost 迷路24. wake up 醒来 wake sb up 叫醒某人25. find one s way home 找到某人回家的路26. find one s way out 找到某人出去的路27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地 lead sb to do sth 带领某人去做某事28. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地 send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事29. the next day 第二天二、常见搭配1. try to do sth 努力/设法做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事2. shoot sb/sth 射死/射中 shoot at sb/sth 朝射击3. finish doing 完成做某事4. continue to do= continue doing 继续做某事5. remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事 remind sb +that +句子 提醒某人6. a little bit=a little=a bit 有点儿，修饰adj/adv原级或比较级 a little +不可数名词=a bit of +不可数名词7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事8. give up doing 放弃做某事9. instead of 代替；反而，后接名词或doing Instead 代替；反而，引导句子，可前可后10. neither的用法：1> 表示“某人也不”，其结构为：Neither +be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语。当主语为第一人称时，可简化为：Me neither.2> neither of “两者都”，放在句首作主语时，后接名词复数+谓语单数3>neithernor“既不也不”，遵循就近原则11. become interested in +名词/doing 对感兴趣12. the weak/ poor/ rich/ young/ old 弱者/穷人/富人/年轻人/老人 “the+形容词”表一类，作主语时，谓语用复数13. have (no) time to do （没）有时间做某事14. cant stop doing 禁不住做某事15. make a plan to do = plan to do 计划做某事16. hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事 hear sb do sth 听见某人做了某事17. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事18. 感叹句：1> What + a/an +adj + 名词单数+ （主语+谓语）！2> What + adj + 名词复数/不可数名词+ （主语+谓语）！3> How+ adj/adv + 主语+谓语！（形容词或副词的选择，由谓语动词决定）19. enough:1> adj: 修饰名词，可前可后，但通常置前2> adv: 修饰形容词或副词，必须置后三、语法点一、状语从句1. unless= if . not .“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句2. as soon as“一.就.”，引导时间状语从句。 3. so.that. “如此.以致于.”引导结果状语从句句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句句型2： so +形容词+ a/an + 单数名词 + that从句可与such + a/an+单数名词+that从句 转换句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句句型4： so +much/ little +不可数名词 + that 从句Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world? 世界最高的山峰是哪一座？一、重点词组 1. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事2. as you can see 据你所知3. as far as I know 据我所知4. part of 的组成部分5. one of the most dangerous sports最危险的运动之一6. run along 跨越；延伸7. freezing weather conditions 冰冻的天气8. take in air 呼吸空气9. risk ones life 拿生命冒险10. challenge oneself 挑战自我11. in the face of difficulties 面对困难12. achieve one s dream 实现某人的梦想13. the forces of nature 自然界的力量14. at birth 出生时15. live up to 活到16. prepare A for B 为B准备A17. run over 跑过去18. with excitement 兴奋地19. walk into sb. 撞到某人20. fall over 摔倒21. take care of = look after= care for 照顾22. around the world= all over th