专题,英语人教版高一必修一定语从句基础版.docx

专题,英语人教版高一必修一定语从句基础版授课主题 专题复习之必修肯定语从句11的讲解 教学目的 通过对本节学问点的学习使学生： 1.理解并娴熟驾驭重点单词的分类 2.驾驭词组及句型的用法 重、难点 重点单词及句型的驾驭 教学内容 课程导入 什么是从句，什么是定语从句 学问讲解 概念引入： She is the girl who sings best of all. This is the best film that I have ever seen. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. Give me the book whose cover is green. 语法点拨 定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good. 他前天买的那本书很棒。He is the man whom we should learn from. Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如： Those students who study in this school are good at football. who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语 There is still much homework which we must finish. which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语 关系代词引导的定语从句 I. who和whom 1. who和whom代表人, 领先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。 The girl who is singing is my best friend. His friend who works as a doctor is very interesting. I have to find the boy whom I saw yesterday. He is the man whom I met yesterday. ² 练一练：who还是whom？ 1. The man _ is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2. Do you know the girl _ I talked to just now? 3. Is he the man _ wants to see you? 2. whom在定语从句中充当宾语时常可省略，留意whom可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语，而介词提前时whom不能省略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. Ling Feng is just the boy (whom) I want to see. (whom代表先行词the boy作动词see的宾语) This is the girl (whom) he worked with. (whom代表先行词the girl作介词with的宾语) This is the girl with whom he worked. (whom不能省略) 3. 在口语和非正式语体中关系代词whom常用who代替，可省略。 The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. II. which 先行词是事物，在从句中作主语或宾语时，我们就用which引导定语从句。同样，在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但是此介词提前，不能省略。 1. 代替先行词radio 2. which在从句中作主语 They had a radio which could send out messages. He told us a story which made everyone laugh. (代替先行词story在从句中作主语) Where is the car (which) you bought last month? 3. 代替先行词car 4. which在从句中作宾语 The package (which) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which在从句中作宾语 They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists. (2021 浙江高考) III. that that前的先行词可以是人也可以是物。指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。that在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises by one million. 来这个城市参观的人数每年增加一百万。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今日上午望见的那个人在哪儿？ Ive got a novel (that/which) you may like to read. 我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。 IV. whose whose可以指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示“先行词的，假设指物，可以同of which互换。 the prince went to the house looking for the girl whose foot fit the shoe 王子去那幢房子，找寻脚能穿上那只鞋的女孩儿 (whose foot 指女孩儿的脚) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. (whose roof指房子的屋顶) 我曾经住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。 The classroom whose door (=the door of which) is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 Do you like the book whose cover (=the cover of which) is yellow? 你喜爱那本封面是黄色的书吗？ 必需用that作为连接词的状况 技巧1 看先行词是什么东西。 1.领先行词是all, anything, nothing, everything, none, much, little, few, the one等不定代词时。 He did everything that he could to save the patient. 他做了能做的一切来挽救这个病人。 I mean the one that was sold yesterday. 我的意思是说昨天被卖掉的那个。 Theres nothing in the world that can defeat him. 这世界上没有能战胜他的东西。 All that I want is peace and quiet. 我想要的一切就是和平安静。 2. 领先行词既有人又有物时。 Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the street. 快看正在过街的小姑娘和她的小狗。 Weve still remember things and persons that appeared in the school. 我们还记起来发生在学校的一些人和事。 技巧2看先行词被什么修饰。 1.领先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 The first lesson that they learned is the most difficult of all. 他们学的第一课是最难的一课。 This is the most interesting book that Ive ever read. 这是我读过的最有意思的一本书。 2. 领先行词被the very, the only修饰时 This is the very book that Im interested in. 这正是我感爱好的那本书。 The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们能做的唯一的事情就是等待。 3. 领先行词被all, any, every, no, only, very, last, next, one of等词所修饰时。 You can take any seat that is free. 你可以坐任何一个空座。 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的全部书。 留意：以which, who等开头的疑问句中，用that引导从句，以防止重复。Which is the car that killed the old lady? 要了老太太的命的是哪辆车？ 不能用that作为连接词的状况。1. 在非限制性定语从句中。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳给地球升温，这点对我们很重要。2. 关系词在从句中作介词宾语且介词提前时。He took the money away without which they couldnt live. 他把那些钱带走了，没有这些钱我们没法活。We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依靠这片土地，从那儿我们取得了食物。3. 领先行词本身是that时。 Whats that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚从天空一闪而过的是什么？ 关系词的省略和关系词的数 关系词的省略 1. 当关系词代表先行词在从句中作宾语的时候，一般可以省略。 He would give me the book (which/ that) he bought yesterday in the shop. 他会给我他昨天在商店买的那本书。I hated those people (whom/ that) I met in the party. They were so rude. 我厌烦在晚会上遇到的那些人。他们太粗鲁。 2. 在下面两种状况下，关系词也不能省略。 1非限制性定语从句中。 They came from Beijing, which I love very much. 他们来自北京，那是我特别喜爱的一个城市。 2从句的介词提到关系词前面时。 I am still looking for the book about which they talked yesterday. 我还在找我们昨天谈到的那本书。 关系词的数 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，要依据先行词的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。 He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最终，谁笑得最好。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者，上帝也助之。 She is the only one who knows the secret. 她是唯一知道这个隐私的人。 She is one of the teachers who know the secret. 她是知道这个隐私的老师之一。 巩 固 练 习 一、选择相宜关系代词which，who，whom，whose，that填空 1. He has written a book _ name Ive forgotten. 2. This is the factory _ I visited. 3. It is the third dress _ she has tried on today. 4. This is the most interesting book _ I have ever read. 5. He is a man _ means what he says. 6. Those _ pretend to know what they do not know will be punished one day. 7. Who is the man _ you just shook hands with. 8. The student with _ we were talking is the tallest student in our class. 一、选择相宜的关系代词which，who，whom，whose，that填空 1. whose。代替先行词book，在定语从句中作定语，表示“书的。 2. which/that。代替先行词在定语从句中作visited的宾语，可以省略。3. that。try on 试穿，先行词dress作try on的宾语，用that/which引导定语从句，但因为有序数词修饰，只用that。可以省略。4. that。因为有最高级修饰，且代替先行词book作定语从句的宾语，用that，可以省略。5. who/that。代替先行词man在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。6. who。先行词是人，且在从句中作主语，用that或who引导从句；又因为those，who是最正确答案。7. that。先行词是人，且在从句中作宾语，用that/whom/who引导从句；又因为主句主语Who，that是最正确选择。8. whom。先行词是人，作从句介词宾语，且介词提前，用whom。 本学问点小结 对定语从句1做个总结。 做题目的时候有什么启发？ 能否有个学问框架呢？ 课 堂 检 测 三、单句改错 1. Anyone likes it can borrow it from me. 2. The man you saw him just now is my math teacher. 3. He is a person who often help me. 4. He is the person whose the family is very rich. 5. Apple eaters are healthier than those dont. 6. There are many people, but none of whom I know. 7. That is all what I have known. 8. Is this the book that you are interested? 9. This is the longest train which I have ever seen. 10. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong. 11. They talked for about an hour of the girl and her story which they read in the newspaper. 12. Did you see the man whom I nodded just now? 13. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you. 14. Ill tell you all what he told me last week. 15. On the wall hung a picture, which color is blue.  三、单句改错 1. 本句缺少作从句的主语的关系代词，先行词为anyone，关系代词应为who/that. 2. 本句中从句局部的him重复，关系代词代替先行词the man已经在从句中充当宾语，并且省略，him指代重复，应当删去。3. 本句从句局部的谓语help形式错误，从句的主语who代替的先行词a person为单数，help应当用第三人称单数形式。4. 定语从句中，whose修饰名词family，the多余。5. those所带的定语从句中缺乏主语，应当补充who，从句承前省略eat apples。6. none of whom I know为从句，和第一句构成主从句的关系，而不是并列句的关系，删去but。7. 领先行词为不定代词all时，关系代词应当用that，what不是关系词，不能用于引导定语从句。8. 本句中的从句局部句子结构不完整，are interested不能干脆接宾语，应增加介词in。9. 从句的先行词被形容词最高级the longest修饰，关系代词只能用that而不是which，当然在本句关系代词代替先行词作从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，把which改为that或者省略关系代词。10. 从句中关系代词which代替先行词作从句的宾语，故从句中it多余，应当去掉it。11. 此题中的先行词既有人又有物，关系代词应当用that而不是which，因此应当把which改为that。12. 从句中nod为不及物动词，不能干脆带宾语。分析句子逻辑，关系代词whom应当代替先行词the man在从句中作宾语，因此须要补充介词to，nod to sb. 向某人点头示意。13. 在定语从句局部，关系代词代替的先行词是I, 依据主谓一样的原那么，从句的谓语用am而不是is。14. 本句包含的是定语从句而不是名词从句，定语从句的先行词为all，并且指物，因此关系代词应当用that或者省略。15. 定语从句局部先行词和color一起构成从句的主语，并且二者是所属关系，关系词应当用whose而不是which。 课堂总结 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如： Those students who study in this school are good at football. who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语 There is still much homework which we must finish. which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语 家庭作业 单项选择 1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 2. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black in the book shelf. A. which B. its C. that D. whose 3. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day. I have no idea. A. that B. whose C. to which D. the one 4. This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 5. (2021 北京高考) I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise. Awhose Bwhy Cwhere Dwhich 6. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothes? Yes, I think so. A. in which B. where C. 不填 D. that 7. Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 8. Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 9. That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 10. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 11. Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who; / B. /; whom C. whom; / D. /; who 12. This picture _ has a house and flowers is the one _ I like best. A. who; which B. which; that C. who; who D. whose; that 13. She is the girl _ I guess is a good student. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 14. Did you ask the guard _ happened? Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 15. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 16. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 17. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 18. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 19. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 20. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 短文改错 (2021 广东湛江期末) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。留意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者从第 11 处起不计分。Great changes have been taken place over the past five years in my hometown, that is a famous historic city. The streets used to be narrow, filling with small shops. Rubbish can be seen everywhere. Nowadays the streets are wider and clean with trees and flowers planted along the sidewalks. Besides, four new parks have been open to public and a number of high buildings has arisen in the city. However, some of the historic buildings have been torn down to make rooms for the high buildings. Our city now is modern and clean and it has lost its own special characteristics. From my opinion, we should try to protect all the historic buildings in the process of urban development. 二、单项选择 1. B. 先行词为things and persons，要填的关系代词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，所以用that。2. D. whose和cover一起构成从句的主语局部，whose在从句中作定语。3. A. that作从句局部的宾语不是地点状语。4. A. 本句话的先行词应当是films, 因此关系代词that是复数概念，其谓语动词应用复数的被动语态have been shown。假如句中的one前面运用了定冠词the，那么the one应当视为先行词。5. A。a couple一对夫妻是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，应选A。6. D。要填的关系代词代表先行词shop在从句中作主语，所以填that，不能省略。7. D. whose引导定语从句, 在从句中作主语family的定语。8. A. that引导定语从句, 因为先行词是all, 所以只能选用that引导。9. A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。10. C. two thirds of whom 即two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 11. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句，第一个从句省略了关系代词whom/who，因为作从句中met的宾语，可以省略；其次个从句中 who做主语，不行省略。12. B. this picture为物用which，而先行词为the one 只能用that。13. C. I guess 为插入语，who 在定语从句中作主语。14. A. what happened是宾语从句。all 之后that he knew是定语从句。先行词是all，所以关系代词只能用that。15. C. 本句话的定语从句是“who own cars。其先行词是people，因此定语从句的谓语动词要用own。主句的主语是The number of指“的数目，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。16. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语，follow为不及物动词。17. A. 先行词gas被the only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。18. C. “和谁讲话要用speak to sb. 此题全句应为“Do you know the man whom I spoke to?。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。19. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中做主语。20. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。短文改错 Great changes have been (1删去) taken place over the past five years in my hometown, that (which) is a famous historic city. The streets used to be narrow, filling (2 filled) with small shops. Rubbish can (could) be seen everywhere. Nowadays the streets are wider and clean (cleaner) with trees and flowers planted along the sidewalks. Besides, four new parks have been open to (3 加the) public and a number of high buildings has ( have) arisen in the city. However, some of the historic buildings have been torn down to make rooms (4 room) for the high buildings. Our city now is modern and clean and (but) it has lost its own special characteristi