初中英语八年级上册Unit,9知识汇总.docx
初中英语八年级上册Unit,9知识汇总初中英语八年级上册Unit 9学问汇总 Unit9 单词 prepare /prpe/,/prper/ v.使做好打算;把打算好 prepare for 为做打算 exam /zæm/ n.(=examination)考试 flu /flu:/ n.流行性感冒;流感 available /velbl/ adj. 有空的;可获得的 another time 其他时间;别的时间 until /ntl/conj.prep.到时;直到为止 hang /hæ/ v.(hung /h/)悬挂;垂下 hang out 闲逛;常去某处 catch /kæt/ v.刚好赶上;接住 ;抓住 invite /nvat/ v.邀请 accept /ksept/ v.接受 refuse /rfju:z/v.拒绝 the day before yesterday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天 weekday /wi:kde/ n.工作日(星期一至星期五的任何一天) look after 照料;照看 invitation /,nvten/ n.邀请;邀请函 turn down 拒绝 reply /rpla/ v.回答;回复 forward /f:(r)w(r)d/v.转寄;发送adv.向前;前进 delete /dli:t/v.删除 print /prnt/ v.打印;印刷 sad /sæd/ adj.(令人)悲伤的;(令人)难受的 goodbye /gdba/ interj.n.再见 take a trip 去旅行 glad /glæd/ adj.兴奋;情愿 preparation /prepren/ n.打算;打算工作 glue /glu:/ n.胶水 without /wðat/ prep.没有;不(做某事) surprised /s(r)prazd/ adj.惊异的;感动意外的 look forward /f:wd/ to 盼望;期盼 hear from 接到(某人的)信;电话等 housewarming /hasw(r)m/ n.乔迁聚会 opening /opn/ n.开幕式;落成典礼 concert /knst/,/k:nsrt/ n.音乐会;演奏会 headmaster /hedm:st/,/hedmæst(r)/ n.校长 event /vent/n.大事;公开活动;竞赛项目 guest /est/ n.客人;来宾 calendar /kælnd(r)/ n.日历;日程表 daytime /detam/ n.白天;日间 Ted /ted/ 特德(男名) Vince /vns/ 文斯(男名) Steen /sti:n/ 斯蒂恩(姓) Jake /dek/ 杰克(男名) Susan /su:zn/ 苏珊(女名) Unit9 学问梳理 1、on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午 2、have to 必需 3、 prepare for 打算 4、go to the doctor 去看病 5、have the flu 患流感 6、help my parents 给父母帮忙 7、come to the party 参与晚会 8、meet my friend 见挚友 9、go to the party 参与晚会 10、too much homework 太多的家庭作业 11、go to the movies 去看电影 12、another time 下次,另外的时间,别的时间 13、last fall 去年秋天 14、hang out 闲逛 15、after school 放学后 16、on the weekend=on weekends 在周末 17、study for a test 备考 18、visit grandparents 探望爷爷奶奶 19、the day before yesterday 前天 20、the day after tomorrow 后天 21、have a piano lesson 上钢琴课 22、look after 照看 23 make an invitation 制定邀请 24、accept an invitation 接受邀请 turn down (refuse) an invitation 拒绝邀请 25、take a trip to Wuhan 去武汉旅游 26、at the end of this month 在本月底 27、look forward to + doing 期望/渴望 28、 the opening of 开幕/开业 29、reply in writing 写回信 30、go shopping 购物 31、do homework 做作业 32、go to the concert 参与音乐会 33、notuntil 直到.才. 1. -Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? 星期六下午你能参与我的晚会吗? -Sure, Id love to. / Sorry, I cant. I have to prepare for an exam. 当然,我情愿去。/愧疚,我去不了。我必需要为考试做打算。2. Im not available. = Im not free.我没空。3. Im sad to see her go, and this party is the best way to say “Thank you and goodbye.” 看到她离开我很哀痛,这个聚会是表达谢意和离别的最好方式。4. I already have a great idea about how to do that. 我已经有了一个怎样做的好办法。5. Let me know if you need my help. 让我知道你是否须要我的帮助。6. Drink lots of hot water and get lots of sleep. 多喝水,多睡觉。7. What are you doing the day after tomorrow? 后天你要做什么? 8. Im really busy this week. 本周我的确很忙。9. Im afraid I cant.= Im afraid not. 唯恐不能。10. Sam isnt leaving until next Wednesday. Sam 要直到下周四才离开。11. Who are you going to the movies with? 你要和谁一起去看电影? 12. Are you free to come to my place on Saturday? 周六你有空来我那儿吗? 13. Would you like to come to my birthday party? 来参与我的生日派对好吗? 14. As Im sure you know by now 正如我确信到现在为止,你知道 15. Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised. 把Ms. Steen 来参与聚会而不要告知她,以至于让她感到惊喜。16. I look forward to hearing from you all. 我盼望着收到你的信。17. Our favorite teacher, Ms. Steen, is leaving soon to go back to the US. 我们最宠爱的老师,Ms. Steen, 就要离开我们回到美国去了。18. Were very sad that shes leaving. 她要离开了,我们特别哀痛。19. To show how much were going to miss her, lets have a surprise party for her next Friday 28th. 为了表示我们有多么惦念她,让我们在下周五28号为她实行一个聚会,给她一个意外惊喜。20. If so, can you help with any of these things? 假如是这样, 你能帮助做任何事吗? 词汇精讲 1. prepare for prepare作动词,意为“打算”。其用法归纳如下: (1) prepare sth.意为“打算”,宾语是所打算的内容。例如: Mother was preparing dinner in thekitchen. 妈妈在厨房打算饭菜。 He had a speech to prepare that evening. 那天晚上他得打算一个报告。 (2) prepare to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”。例如: Taking out a piece of paper, he prepared towrite to his parents. 他拿出纸,打算给父母写信。 He is preparing to go on a trip. 他正打算去旅行。 (3) prepare for sth.表示“为做打算”。例如: He is busy preparing with great care forthe Congress. 他们正忙着细心打算这次代表大会。 Hope for the best and prepare for theworst. 抱最好的希望,做最坏的打算。 (4) prepare sth. for. 表示“为打算某物”。例如: Please prepare the table for thedinner. 请摆好桌子吃饭。 You must prepare a room for the guest. 你必需为客人打算一个房间。 2. hang out hang out是动副结构的短语,意为“闲逛”。例如: I hung out with my friends and took lots of photos. 我和挚友们一起闲逛,还拍了很多照片。 hang的其他搭配:hang about=hang around 闲逛,徘徊,逗留;hang up挂断(电话);hang on不挂断;hang意为“逗留,悬挂”时,过去式和过去分词都是hung;hang还有“吊死,绞死”的意思,但当hang意为“吊死,绞死”时,其过去式和过去分词都是hanged。例如: Thick clouds hung low and covered the sky. 厚厚的云低悬着,遮住了整个天空。 He was hanged at Landsberg prison on June 8,1951. 他与1951年6月9日在兰茨贝格监狱被绞死。 3.invite invite作及物动词,意为“邀请,款待”。常用结构为:invite sb. to do,invite sb.+副词或介词短语,表示“邀请某人做某事, 邀某人去某地”。例如: Theyve invited us to stay for theweekend. 他们已邀请我们留下来度周末。 Who have you invited to your housefor your birthday party? 你请了谁到家里来参与你的生日晚会? 4. accept accept作动词,意为“同意, 承认”。例如: It is generally accepted that smoking isharmful to our health. 吸烟有害健康,这是大家公认的。 receive与accept的辨析: 两个词都作动词用,都表示“接受,收到”之意,但在用法上有所不同。receive表示的行为与主观意愿没有关系,着重于行为本身,不涉及收到者是否同意。动作本身有肯定的被动性。accept表示的行为由主语的主观意志所确定,强调经过主语的考虑而接受。动作本身是主动的。例如: I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused toaccept it. 昨天我收到了他的晚会请柬,但我拒绝接收。5. refuse refuse作动词,意为“拒绝”。常用搭配有:refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 (作为不及物动词) ;refuse sb. sth.为某事拒绝某人(作为及物动词) 例如: He refused to change his mind.他拒绝变更办法。 The United States has refused hima visa. 美国拒绝给他发放签证。 She refused their invitation.她拒绝了他们的邀请。 6. reply reply既可作不及物动词,又可作及物动词,还可作名词。(1)作不及物动词,意为“回答”,可用“reply to(sb. /sth. )”表示“对做出回答”。例如: He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题。 What did he do in reply to your challenge? 你提出与他较量,他做何反应? (2)作及物动词时,其意为“回答,回答说”。例如: He replied that this was absolutelyimpossible. 他回复说这是肯定不行能的。 She sighed, but didnt reply. 她叹了口气,没有回答。 (3)作名词时,意思为“答道,答复”。例如: A few weeks later I received a reply. 几个星期后,我收到了她的回信。 I called out a challenge, but there was noreply. 我提出挑战,但是没人回应。 7. without without是介词,意为“无,没有”,后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。without构成的介词短语具有否定含义,在句中相当于构成了否定句。例如: I cant do it without your help. 没有你的帮助,我不能做这件事。 He went to school this morning without having breakfast. 他今日早上没吃早饭就去上学了。 without的反义词是with,表示“拥有,带有”。例如: She was a lively young woman with patienceand imagination. 她是个充溢活力的年轻女性,富有忍耐力和想象力。 Mr. Brown bought a garden with a beautiful lake. 布朗先生买了一个带有美丽湖泊的花园。 8. surprised surprised 是形容词,意为“惊讶的,感到惊异的”,句子的主语通常是人。例如: Im surprised at the accident. 我对这起事故感到很惊讶。 How surprised the students are! 学生们是多么惊讶啊! (1)surprising也是形容词,意为“惊讶的,令人惊异的”,常修饰物。例如: He told me something surprising. 他告知我一些令人惊讶的事情。 (2) surprise作动词时,意为“使惊异,使感到意外、惊讶”。例如: What surprised you? 什么事使你感到意外? (3)surprise作名词时,意为“惊讶,惊异”。这种惊讶可能包含着“兴奋、胆怯或忧虑”。例如: He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到使我大感意外。(4)作名词用时还可构成短语:to ones surprise意为“使某人惊讶的是”。in surprise意为“惊讶地”。 例如: To my surprise, he passed the exam. 使我惊讶是,他竟然通过了考试。 He looked at me in surprise. 他惊讶地望着我。 9. available (1)available作形容词,意为“现成可运用的,可获得的,便利的,有效的”。例如: Ill send you all the books available. 我将把我能得到的书给你寄去。 My bicycle is not available, and it is being repaired. 我的自行车现在不能用, 因为正在修理。 The season ticket is available for three months. 季票有效期为三个月。 (2)available还表示“可会见的,可取得联系的”。例如: The doctor is not available now.医生现在没空。 He was not always available to everyone. 并不是人人总能找到他。 10. miss miss为动词,意为“惦念,思念”。例如: Ill miss you when you go to Canada. 你到了加拿大以后,我肯定会想你。 (1) miss作动词还有“未击中,未抓住”的意思。例如: I tried to hit the ball but I missed. 我努力地想击中球,但却未胜利。 (2) miss还可意为“未赶上,错过”,是动词。例如: I missed the football match on TV lastnight. 我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。(3) miss与like; mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy;stop; cant help; give up等词一样后接动词的-ing形式。例如: I dont want to miss seeing that film ontelevision tonight. 我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。句式精讲 1. Can you come to my party? can是最常用的情态动词,其后接动词原形,否定形式为cant。用法如下: (1) can表示有实力做或能够发生,有“能,会”的意思。例如: I can run fast. 我能跑得快。 She can speak Japanese. 她会说日语。 can在表示“实力”时,可与be able to互换运用,be able to 有更多的时态,常被用来表示can所不能表示的将来时或完成时。例如: They will be able to run the machine on their own in three months. 三个月后,他们能自己操作这台机器。(2) can表示允许,意为“可以”。例如: Can I read your newspaper? 我可以看一下你的报纸吗? You can put your bike here. 你可以把自行车放在这里。(3) can用于疑问、否定或感叹句中,意为“会,可能”。例如: This cant be true. 这不行能是真的。 Today is Sunday. He cant be at school. 今日是周日,他不行能上学。 (4) can 表示可能性,意为“可以,可能”。例如: Our classroom can seat 50 students. 我们教室能坐50名学生。2. Oh,but Sam isnt leaving until next Wednesday. until意为“直到”,有下列用法: 作介词,后接时间名词,在句中作时间状语。作连词,后接从句,引导时间状语从句。例如: We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 She stayed there until 9 oclock. 她始终等到9点钟。 (1) until用在确定句中,多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等,表示主句动作的终止时间。 (2) until可用于否定句中,即notuntil意为“直到才”,常与非持续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等,强调主句动作起先的时间。例如: The child didnt go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来,那个孩子才睡觉。 3. I have to study for a math test. have to意为“不得不,必需”,表示客观状况要求某人必需做某事,有人称和时态的改变,后接动词原形。例如: She isnt very well these days and she has to stay at home. 她这些天身体不太好,不得不待在家里。 Do you have to do everything? 什么事都得你做吗? She doesnt have to come this afternoon. 今日下午她不必来。 must与have to的辨析: have to侧重于客观须要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意,有多种时态形式;否定式为dont have to意为“不必”。must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去);否定式mustnt 意为“肯定不要;不允许”。例如: You must do your homework first. 你必需先做作业。 Its raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨,我不得不待在家里。 4. She helped me to improve my English so much. help常用在句式:help somebody (to) do something.或helpsomebody with something.意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如: I have to help my parents with thehousework. 我得帮助我的父母做家务。 Sometimes I help my mother do the cooking. 有时候我帮我母亲做饭。 help的常用短语: cant help doing sth 意为“禁不住做某事”。例如: She couldnt help crying when she heard the bad news. 当她听到那个坏消息时,禁不住哭了。 help oneself to 意为“随意用”。例如: Help yourself to some fish. 随意吃点鱼吧。with the help of 表示“在的帮助下”。例如: I work out the problem with the help of the computer. 借助电脑,我解决了这个问题。5. Let me know if you need my help. 从属连词if, whether引导的宾语从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,变成从句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否”。例如: Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。 I dont care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜爱这个故事。 if意为“是否”时,引导宾语从句;if意为“假如”时,引导条件状语从句。要留意在含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,假如主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子,if引导的从句要用一般现在时表示将来。例如: If the rain doesnt stop, we will stay here. 假如这场雨不停的话,我们就呆在这儿。 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点,否则你就迟到了。 6. What a great idea! What a great idea!是一感叹句式,感叹句的句型结构如下:通常由what或how引导,一般各有三种状况: What引导的感叹句: (1)What a(an)形容词可数名词的单数形式主语谓语! What a new watch it is! 多新的一块手表啊! (2)What形容词可数名词的复数形式主语谓语! What interesting books the children are reading! 孩子们读的书多么好玩啊! (3)What形容词不行数名词主语谓语! What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊! How引导的感叹句: (1)How形容词或副词主语谓语! How tall the girl is! 那个女孩多高啊! (2) How形容词a(an)可数名词的单数形式主语谓语! How heavy a box they are carrying! 他们抬的箱子多重啊! (3) How主语谓语! How time flies!时间过得多快!