60课时学完高中全部英语上 第36讲 高考阅读主旨题解题方法与实战(二)讲义.pdf

高考阅读主旨题解题方法与实战高考阅读主旨题解题方法与实战(二二)高考说明之七大能力高考说明之七大能力1理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；主旨题主旨题2获取事实性信息获取事实性信息；简单细节题简单细节题2获取事实性信息获取事实性信息；简单细节题简单细节题3利用上下文推测词义；利用上下文推测词义；含义题含义题4推断隐含意义推断隐含意义；推断题推断题4推断隐含意义推断隐含意义；推断题推断题5理解作者意图、观点和态度；理解作者意图、观点和态度；复杂细节题复杂细节题6理解句子理解句子段落之间的逻辑关系段落之间的逻辑关系；七选五七选五/六选五六选五6理解句子理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系段落之间的逻辑关系；七选五七选五/六选五六选五7理解语篇的基本结构理解语篇的基本结构结构题结构题选自海淀二模选自海淀二模C篇篇(1)Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the(1)Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time gworker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the jobs wages, its holidays and its other benefits.(2)Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitmenthigher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.(3)Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of eachto increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address p yppg,y,gunemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.(4)As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carried out in 2010 by Britains Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 percent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were, between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children but theywomen were reentering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full time work after a gplong absence.(5)The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths weaknesses and preferences of his or herperson needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position todivision of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.1In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?AWork sharing requires more working hours.iiiijBWork sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.CWork sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.DWork sharing depends on the employers decisionDWork sharing depends on the employer s decision.2According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part time work mainly because .py_Athey sought higher social statusBthey were over ideal working agesCthey had difficulty finding full time jobsDthey had to take care of both work and family13In job sharing the partners should _.Aenjoy equal social status Bhave similar work experienceCkeep in touch with each other pDknow each other very well4The main purpose of the passage is to.4The main purpose of the passage is to _.Arecommend job sharing to women Bdiscuss how to provide more jobsBdiscuss how to provide more jobsCdescribe job sharing in general Dcompare job sharing with work sharingDcompare job sharing with work sharing全文结构题全文结构题1 The author develops the passage mainly by1. The author develops the passage mainly by _.2. How is the passage mainly developed?3. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?gpg4. What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?5. In the second paragraph, the author presents his idea by _.题目特征：题目特征：1)结构图结构图1)结构图结构图2)文字描述型文字描述型3)后后文文延续型延续型)后延续型后延续型全文结构题解题思路与步骤：全文结构题解题思路与步骤：(陕西高考陕西高考)阅读理解阅读理解 C(陕西高考陕西高考)阅读理解阅读理解 C1.According to sociologists(社会学家社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层阶层) Class power and status aresome form of social stratification(阶层阶层). Class, power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.2 Class means a persons economic position in society Acommonly used2.Class means a person s economic position in society. A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe gy,ysocieties like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning 500,000 a year and a bus driver earning 50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!3.Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行行使使) if使使)big power, but people who take orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the governor of a state has great power but he or she may not belong to agovernor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相应的相应的)economic class. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. ppTo our knowledge, there arent too many people who arent millionaires in the U.S. Senate!4.Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society. It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so. For example, a iifiiiuniversity professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.256. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?How Room Designs Affect Our Work and FeelingsArchitects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors, But now scientists are giving this feelings an empirical(经验的经验的, 实证的实证的)basis. They are discovering how to design th ttti itkl fdd ld tltispaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation. Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influenceResearches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a rooms ceiling affects how people to think. Herreported that the height of a room s ceiling affects how people to think. Her research indicates that the higher ceillings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupants ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attentiongains on a standard test of attention. Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically,Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design Planning Laboratory at University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language tdth thdid t dthliillk darts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots. Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim(暗淡的暗淡的)light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relaxvisitors relax. So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a verySo far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. We have a very limited number of studies, so were almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管吸管), ”architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? Thats what were all struggling with. ”3Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?选自北京海淀二模选自北京海淀二模C篇阅读篇阅读1.The early lack of exposure to science ，technology，engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别性别)balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time ihi hhlin high school.2.While at home，girls generally dont get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do It is oftenor encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do. It is often subtle ，but its the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women. Boys ，on the other hand, get on their path ，and are encouraged to do so，Boys ，on the other hand, get on their path ，and are encouraged to do so，generally earlier than girls. For example ，boys are more often given science sets as toys ，which spark an interest in these subjects.3.In school boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fiifields that will advance us as a people a country，and a planet，we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist If girls are not exposed toconsider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths，they are highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.g4.Our bias(偏见偏见)toward girlseither from families or from schools ，is so rooted in our culture that we often dont even recognize it. Although the ggsituation Has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years，there is still a sense that girls arent as good at math for instance even though there is almost no ii fevidence to support such a belief.5.It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes (偏见偏见) long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in iiffii icollege. Without making efforts to break them， we are limiting the potentials of our youth，both male and female. Providing the necessary resourcesexposure and encouragement would help young womenresources， exposure ,and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldnt determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.,pg4Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? The Loss of Innocence(纯真纯真)选自北京新西城二模选自北京新西城二模DThe Loss of Innocence(纯真纯真)Innocence is such a precious gift. Its explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doing. Just imagine never having to worry about anything and ggggyyghaving a guilt-free mind. Some people wish to save this kind of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood.What would the world be like if innocence were never lost? One way it would benefit humanity is the lack of hatred (仇恨仇恨) among the world. During youth, there may be an occasional argument, even a little physical fight, but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human being. And children are blind towards the racial differences of others Akid will hang out with any othertowards the racial differences of others. A kid will hang out with any other kid. It is the lack of innocence and the ignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwise. Another benefit is the constant desire for fun and adventure. With very little if any time at all for fun, the adventurous mind is lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon adults. If innocence were kept alive, these ambitions would never depart from our lives.However, other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting for ever. They feel that the lack of organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences to society in general. A large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn, work and act upon the necessary needs for humanity to survive Without awork, and act upon the necessary needs for humanity to survive. Without a proper education which is usually provided by those who no longer live in a world of innocence, people would not have the desire to succeed, get a good , pp, ggjob in life, or provide income for their families,which would hurt the lives of children.The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economy. As long as innocence is kept alive, no one would be terribly angry at the lack of fflihk ll iidli(减少减少) ieffort people put out in the workplace, resulting in a strong decline(减少减少) in production and quality of needed goods.5Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocence. It sure is a nice thought, though. Perhaps innocence was meant to be lost. It was gods will to make things the way they are, and there is a good purpose for everything. All that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts.4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?_1. The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be.be_.A. avoided B. criticizedC. accepted D. encouraged2. Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that_.A. proper education would be providedB. there would be no racial discriminationC. there would be more happy familiesDlldlith ihildhd dD. people would realize their childhood dreams3. According to the author, people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of_ .A. motivational willB. mental abilityCdtbitiC. adventurous ambitionsD. needed goods6