2022年浙江省杭州市2018年中考英语试卷答案解析 .pdf

1 / 14 2018 杭州中考英语试题卷第I 卷第一部分听力省略第卷第二部分阅读理解(共两节 ,总分值40 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题 .每题2 分,总分值30 分 ) 阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A 、B、C 和 D)中选出最正确选项。AWhen Canadian teenager Ryan was six years old, his teacher told him that in many parts of Africa, there was no clean water. She said that people often made themselves ill, and even died, just from drinking or bathing in dirty water. What she said made Ryan upset. He decided to raise money for a well( 井 ) so that people in Africa could have clean water. He did extra chores for his parents and raised $70 all by himself. Then he found out that it actually cost $2,000 to dig a well. Most people would have given up at this point, but not Ryan. He was disappointed, but determined to raise more money. Finally he collected over $2,000. That money was used to dig the first of “ Ryans wells”.Since then, Ryan has continued to raise money for more wells. In fact, Ryan has raised over $1,500 ,000! Ryan calls himself “ a normal boy” and likes to play ice hockey when hes not in school or traveling around the world talking to other students about himself and his work. As for the future. he has said that he isnt exactly sure what he will choose to do. “ Something along the lines of a lawyer or a teacher. Maybe a leader!”16. Ryans teacher told him about the water problem in Africa in order to . A. encourage Ryan to dig wells for people in Africa B. ask Ryan to raise money for poor people in Africa C. make Ryan feel unhappy and disappointed D. educate Ryan to care about African people in difficulty. 17. What does Ryan think of himself according to the passage? A. He is different from other students in many ways. B. He never gives up when he has decided to do something. C. He is talented and can do many great things in the future, D. Hes like other students with his own hobby and dreams. 18. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Ryan and His Teacher B. Ryan and His Wells. C. Ryan and His Money D. Ryan and His Future 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页2 / 14 BWho wants to eat food that is thrown away as waste? Believe it or not, that s exactly what world leaders did at a lunch held by the United Nations in 2015. During the meal, the world leaders enjoyed dishes like salads and burgers made with thrown-away vegetables and fruits. Chef Dan Barber, who helped create the meal, hoped that the experience would make the leaders pay more attention to the issue of food waste. It is a huge problem. One out of nine people on Earth does not get enough food. Yet every year over one third of the food produced worldwide goes to waste! Why is so much food wasted? Firstly, food is often thrown away before it reaches customers because too much of it is produced, or because it is not kept properly in farms. Secondly, shops and supermarkets usually throw away unsold food. Finally, customers often buy more food than they need, so a lot of uneaten food is wasted. How can you waste less food? When eating out, you may ask for less food and take home what is left. Visit fast food restaurant less often, since they usually more wasteful. Encourage your favorite restaurants to give unsold food to food banks. You can also waste less food at home. Use smaller rice bowls so that you serve less rice. Encourage family members to use unfinished rice to make rice puddings. Tell family members to make a shopping list and buy only what is on the list when shopping for food. Food waste is a growing problem and we, either farmers or food sellers or customers, must take this problem more seriously and do what we can to help. 19. What did world leaders do at a lunch held by the United Nations in 2015? A. They threw away food as waste during the meal. B. They made dishes with waste vegetables and fruits C. They ate food made with waste vegetables and fruits. D. They helped Chef Dan Barber create the special meal. 20. The underlined word “ issue ” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A. result B. problem C. cause D. beginning 21. The writer organizes Paragraph 4 by asking a question and . A. giving examples B. using numbers C. listing reasons D. telling a story 22.Which way of wasting less food is mentioned in the passage? A. Buying unsold food from supermarkets. B. Keeping food properly in fridge. C. Using smaller rice bowls when eating out. D. Asking for less food in restaurants. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页3 / 14 CBananas are the perfect snack. Not only are they sweet and delicious, but they are easy to carry around, so you can take them anywhere. Best of all, bananas provide different things that the human body needs! Bananas grow best in warm places that get lots of rain. They grow on plants that look like trees. The banana plant, however, is considered a herb rather than a tree because it doesn t have a strong , woody stem茎，干 . The plants can grow as high as 30 feet. When they reach their full height, flowers grow out from the stem. These flowers produce bananas. Two or three times each year, the plants produce fruit. The bananas grow together, which seem like “ hands ” . A hand is made up of 10 to 20 bananas. Growers sometimes call bananas “ fingers” . Each bunch丛of bananas has about 15 hands, and so a whole bunch may have as many as 200 bananas and can weigh more than 100 pounds. After about three months, the bananas are ready to be picked. At this point, they still aren t the sunny yellow color of bananas. Farmers pick them when they re green. That s how they re shipped to stores. They turn yellow along the way and are ready to be sold. If you love bananas, you ve got a lot of company. Americans have been enjoying bananas since the first shipment arrived in the United States in 1876. Today, American eat more bananas than any other fruit. More bananas are sold than apples and grapes together. Every American eats over 26 pounds of bananas each year! 23. The first paragraph mainly talks about .A. why people like bananas B. how bananas taste C. what bananas are rich in D. where bananas are taken 24. What is the correct order in which these happen? a. The bananas begin to turn yellow b. A banana plant grows to full height. c. The flowers produce bananas. d. The bananas are ready to be picked. A. c-b-a-d B. b-c-d-a C. b-c-a-d D. c-b-d-a 25. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The banana plant is a kind of tree. B. Bananas like growing in hot and dry areas. C. One banana plant usually produces fruit once a year. D. The banana plant usually produces fruit once a year. 26. Which is the second most popular fruit in America according to the bar chart? A. Apples. B. Grapes. C. Bananas. D. Oranges 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页4 / 14 DThere is a popular Chinese saying that “ Fair skin( 皮肤 ) will make up for three flaws(缺陷 ) ” . This mentions the fact that in Chinese culture, it is believed that people who have fair skin are more beautiful. In Western culture, however, the opposite is true many Westerners think tanned skin is prettier. The example shows that different cultures have different ideas of what they think is beautiful. These cultural meanings of the beauty, however, are no longer important. As more and more people travel overseas, ideas about beauty are being shared among cultures. The Internet has also made it easier for people to share different types of beauty since people are always posting pictures on social media. The result is an ever-changing idea of what is considered beautiful. The cultural practice of ear piercings, for example, has become a part of modern day culture. In Kenya, it is a tradition among Masai men and women to pierce and then make their ear lobes( 耳垂) longer using ivory and wood or stones. They then wear colorful things on their ear lobes. This is a common practice since longer ear lobes are seen as a sigh of beauty. This tradition has now found its way into present-day culture. Nowadays, this might still seem unusual to some, but with more and more well-known actors and film stars showing off their longer ear lobes, it will finally become more fashionable. It is understood that different cultures around the world have different ways of showing beauty. However, since we now live in a worldwide society, people s views about beauty are always changing. With the help of the Internet, people are now able to easily borrow ideas from other cultures to help them stand out. So what new fashions can we expect to see in the future? 27. What has made it easier for people to share ideas about beauty? A. The development of technology. B. The popularity of the latest fashions. C. The unchanged cultural traditions. D. The world s growing population. 28. What can be learned about the Masai people from the passage? A. Longer ear lobes are their new fashion. B. Only women make their ear lobes longer. C. They think longer ear lobes look beautiful. D. They make actors and film stars famous. 29. The underlined word “ them” in the last paragraph refers to . A. people B. ideas C. cultures D. fashions 30. What is the passage mainly about? A. People in Asian countries like fair skin better. B. Beauty is considered important in many cultures. C. Different cultures have different ideas about beauty. D. People s ideas about beauty are changing all the time. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页5 / 14 A. Smell good B. Dress to impress C. Get ready for a speech D. A smile goes a long way E. Be careful about your body language F. Decide what image形象 you want to present 第二节共5 小题，每题2 分，总分值10 分下面文章中有五处第31-35 题需要添加小标题。请从以下选项A、B、C、D、E 和 F中选出符合各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。Five ways to make a great first impression印象 ! Researchers have discovered that, in general, it only takes seven seconds for a person to start making judgments about you when they first meet you. That s why you should follow these useful tips on how to create a good first impression. 31. Before meeting someone, start thinking about the purpose of the meeting. Are you trying to impress them? For example, if you want to make new friends at a social event, you will want to appear friendly. And if you decide to run for class president at your school, you will need to appear confident自信 . 32. Smiling is the most important thing you can do when meeting someone new. It shows that you re friendly and makes people around you feel more comfortable. To have a winning smile, make sure your teeth are clean by brushing them every day. 33. Before you begin speaking, you will be judged on your body language. Therefore, it s important to show trust in yourself by standing up tall and putting your shoulders back. Besides, if you uncross your arms, you will appear relaxed and friendly. 34. How you smell can influence people s first impression of you. If you have a bad body smell, it will put people off. In short, aim to smell clean and avoid putting on a lot of scented products. 35. What you wear matters. While you should look clean and tidy, it s also important to dress properly, whether you re going to a birthday party or a sporting event. You should think about what your clothes say about you. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页6 / 14 第三部分英语知识运用共两节，总分值25 分第一节：完形填空共15 小题，每题1 分，总分值15 分通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项A、B、C 和 D中选出一个最正确选项。My friends and I joined a two-day survival生存training course in the mountains. The first day was really 36 there was so much to do! Arriving at the campsite, we were divided into groups and given a tent, some food, a 37 and a compass 指 南 针 . Standing next to a small river, Fanny 38 camping in the grassy area nearby. However, our instructor, Mr.Lee, pointed out that it might flood 淹 没 if it rained. In the end, we found a 39 area. Putting up the tent was very hard. 40 Mr.Lee helped us a lot. By the time we had put up the tent, 41 was really hungry. “ We wouldn t have got this hungry if we had b rought some snacks.” Peter said. We all told him to 42 complaining 抱怨 and help us start a fire to cook our food 43 . Realizing we were having trouble making the fire, he finally 44 . The next day started early. Woken by a strange noise. Peter went to see what was 45 . “ Some cows have eaten our breakfast!” he shouted. “ That s all because you didnt 46 the food properly last night.” said Mr.Lee. Worried that was angry with us, we tried very hard on our next 47 using the map and compass to find a secret location. We made it to the location 48 the other group did. We all felt very proud of 49 . The survival training course was a great 50 . Now I feel I could survive anywhere! 36 A disappointing Bdifficult Cdifferent Dboring 37 A map Bbook Clight Dknife 38 A suggested Bfinished Cimagined Denjoyed 39 A nearer Blower Cbigger Dhigher 40 A Surprisingly BSuddenly CLuckily DUsually 41 A everyone Banyone Csomeone Dno one 42 A start Bmind Cstop Dcontinue 43 A yet Btoo Cagain Dinstead 44 A helped out Bgave out Cworked out Dstarted out 45 A developing Bhappening Cbeginning Dfollowing 46 A. throw off Bput away Ceat up Dsell out 47 A plan Blesson Ctask Dproblem 48 A till Bafter Cwhen Dbefore 49 A him Bthem Cyou Dourselves 50 A example Bexperience Cactivity Dcompetition 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页7 / 14 400-810-2656 第二节：共10 小题，每题1 分，总分值10 分阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容1 个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。Next time you hold a book in your hands, stop and think. Like most other things in the modern world, it is the result of thousands of years of human invention. First, came the invention of writing, 51 (probable) about 5500 year ago. With writing, people did not have to remember everything in their heads. They could communicate with people that they never 52 (see) and share their knowledge with future generations. Later, the Greeks were well-done for their literature( 文 学 ) and science, but their “ books ” looked very different 53 the books of today. They were called scrolls( 卷轴 ). They were different to use and took a lot of space in a library.About 2,000 years ago, books with lots of pages 54 (invent). For more than a thousand years, the pages of books were made from animal skin. That changed in 55 thirteenth century, when Europeans learned about a very 56 (use) Chinese invention : paper. But the biggest change for books in Europe came in 1439, when Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. Before that, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were very expensive. Many more people could afford the books 57 were produced on a printing press. These days it is difficult 58 (imagine) a world without books. But human invention does not stop. Every year, more 59 (story) are bought as e-books and read on a screen. Will anyone turn the pages of a traditional book in the future, 60 will books, like scrolls soon disappear? 第四部分写作共两节，总分值25 分第一节：单词拼写共10 小题，每题1 分，总分值10 分根据以下句子及所给的首字母，在答题纸上按题号写出各单词的正确，完全形式每空仅限一词。61. My friend came over last night to watch the v of football match that I d recorded . 62. After a long day,Tom l down on the