常用临床医学术语2(15页).doc

-常用临床医学术语2-第 15 页13、浅表淋巴结superficial lymph nodes·浅表淋巴结未扪及be no palpable superficial lymph nodes (can not be palpated)·淋巴结肿大enlarged lymph nodes (lymphnode enlargement)·部位site全身（局部）general (local)耳前（后）淋巴结pre(post)-auricular nodes枕后淋巴结occipital nodes颏下淋巴结submental nodes下颌淋巴结submaxillary nodes颈前（后）淋巴结anterior (posterior) cervical nodes 锁骨上淋巴结supraclavicular nodes滑车上淋巴结epitrochlear nodes腋窝上（内侧，前，后，外侧）淋巴结axillary top (medial,anterior,posterior,lateral)腹股沟淋巴结（横组，纵组）inguinal nodes (transverse group,longitudinal group) lymphnode·大小size4×2cm大小4 by 2 cm in diameter (size)米粒（豌豆，核桃，小指，拇指，拳头，手掌，鸡蛋）大小size of a rice grain (pea,walnut,small,ringer,thumb,fist,palm,hens egg)针头大小pinhead size苹果大小size of an apple小孩头（成人大小）size of a(n) infants(mans) head·形态shape不规则irregular结节（颗粒、纺锤）状的tuberous (granular,spindle-shaped)光滑（粗糙）的smooth (coarse)平坦（凹凸不平）的flat (uneven)球（椭园，卵园，园）形的globular (elliptical,oval,circular)·硬度和活动度hardness and mobility硬（软）hard (soft)石头（骨）样硬of stone-like (bone-like)可活动（固定）的movable (fixed)与周围组织（结构）固定be fixed to the surrounding tissues (structures)压痛tenderness融合（粘连）fusion (adhesion)肿胀（疤痕）swelling (fistula)第七章 体检（头颈部）Physical examination(head and neck)1、头颅cranium,skull·头颅变形deforming skull·头形（围）head contour (circumference)·小颅（尖颅，巨颅）microcephalism (acrocephalia,large skull)·长（短）头dolichocephalia (brachycephalism)·方（塔）颅squared (tower) skull·落日现象sitting sun phenomenon·颅缝cranial suture·前（后）囟门anterior (posterior) fontanel·囟门膨出（塌陷）bulging (edpressed) fontanel·囟门晚（早）闭delayded (earlier) closure of the fontanel2、眼球eyeball·眼球浮动ocular bobbing·眼球破裂eyeball rupture·眼球穿孔伤ocular-perforating injury·眼球内异物intralcular foreign body·眼距增宽（变窄）ocular hypertelorism (hypotelorism)·眼球萎缩atrophy of eyeball·眼球突出（凹陷）exophthalmos (enophthalmos)·眼球震颤nystagmus·眼球固定eyeball fixation (stare)·眼球活动受限limitation of eye movement·假眼ocular prosthesis·眼外肌运动extraocular movements3、眼睑eyelids·睑内（外）翻entropion (ectropion)·流泪lacrimation·上睑下垂ptosis·眼睑痉挛（松驰）blepharospasm (blepharo-chalasis)·眼睑水肿（红肿）edema (redness and swelling) of the eyelids·瞬目过少nictitation diminution(lid lag )·瞬目过多frequent nictitation (blinking)·眼裂缩小（增宽）blepharophimosis (blepharodia stasis)·眼睑充血blepharal hyperemia·泪囊lacrimal sac ·睫毛反射eyelash reflexes·压眶反射reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch·皱眉（皱额，闭目）raise eyebrows (wrinkle forehead,force eyelids closing)4、结膜conjunctive·结膜反射conjunctival reflexes·充血congestion·红（白）redness (pallor)·球结膜水肿chemosis·结膜滤泡（滤泡增生）conjunctival follicle (folliculosis)·沙眼trachoma·胬肉pterygium·水样（脓性）分泌物watery (purulent) discharge5、角膜和巩膜cornea and sclerae·角膜反射corneal reflexes·角膜混浊cornea opacity·透明（不透明）的transparent (opaque)·异物foreign body·老年环arcus senilis·溃疡（穿孔）ulcer (perferation)·黄染（无黄染）stained yellow (anicteric)6、瞳孔pupil·右眼OD (oculus dextet)·左眼OS (oculus sinister)·2mm大小2mm in size·等大等园be equal and round ·瞳孔大小不一unevenness of pupils (anisocoria)·固定fixed·瞳孔缩小contraction of pupils (miosis)·瞳孔散大dilation of pupils (platycoria)·瞳孔畸形（闭锁）deformity (seclusion) of pupils·直接（间接）对光反射direct (consensual) response to light·瞳孔对光反射（佳）（差）good (poor) light reflex of pupils·对光反射存在retain light reflexes·调节反射accommodation reflex·辐辏反射convergence reflex7、视力和视野Vision and Visual fields·视力模糊（减退，差）blurred (impaired, poor) Vision·弱视amblyopia·复视double vision (diplopia)·斜视strabismus·麻痹性斜视paralytic squint·偏盲hemiscotosis·失明amaurosis (blindness)·夜盲night blindness·色盲color blindness·全色盲achromatopsia·绿（蓝）色盲achromatopsia green(blue) blindness·红-绿色盲red-green blindness·色弱color weakness·远视far-sightedness (far sighted,hyeropia)·近视short-sightedness (short-sighted,nearsightedness,myopia)·右（左）眼200度200 degree,OD(OS)·左（右）眼视力OS(OD) vision·视野完整full (intact) visual fields·象限视野缺损tetarfanopia·单侧（双颞侧）缺损unilateral (bitemporal) defect·视野缺损visual field defect·视野缩小contraction of visual field8、眼底和眼压fundus and intraocular pressure·眼底镜检查fundoscopy (ophthalmoscopy)·眼底清晰fundi are clear·小动脉（小静脉）arteriole (venule)·小动脉狭窄narrow arteriole·小动脉硬化arteriolosclerosis·微动脉瘤microaneurysm·动静脉压迹A-V nicking·点状（头焰样）出血punctate (flame) hemorrhage·视乳头色素沉着pigmentation of disc (retina)·视神经乳头（视神经）水肿papilledema (papilloedema)·视乳头凹陷（苍白）excavation (pallor) of optic disc·视网膜出血（水肿，渗出）retinal hemorrhage (edema,exudation)·视网膜色素变性pigmentary degeneration of retina·视网膜剥离retinodialysis·视网膜变性（损伤）retinal degeneration (injury)·测眼压intraocular pressure measurement·眼压升高（降低）increase (decrease) of intraocular pressure9、耳廓和外耳道pinna and external canal·红（肿、痛，压痛）redness (swelling,pain,tenderness)·糜烂（渗出物，脓性分泌物）erosion (exudate,purulent discharge)·疱疹（瘘管，小水疱，血疱）herpes (fistula,visicle,blood blisters)·狭窄（闭锁）stenosis (clausura)·耵聍（耵聍栓塞，耵聍过多）cerumen (ceruminal impaction,ceruminosis)·耳疖furuncle of ear ·耳化脓（溢脓）otopyosis (otopyorrhea)·耳廓假性囊肿pseudocyst of auricle·外耳道异物foreign body of external auditory canal·耵聍钩（钳）cerumen hook (forceps)10、鼓膜tympanic membrane (drum)·光反射light reflex·红色（粉红色，苍白）be red (pink,pale)·鼓膜内陷otopiesis (indrawing of drum)·鼓膜膨出umbo (bulge of drum)·鼓膜穿孔（粘连）perforation (adherence) of drum·中央（周围）性穿孔central (marginal) perforation·鼓膜破裂myringorupture·鼓膜增厚（充血，疤痕，疱疹，肉芽）hypertrophy (congestation,scar,herpes,granulation) of drum·鼓室积水（血）hydrotympanum (hematotympanum)11、听力audition (hearing)·听觉过敏（减退）hyperacusis (hypoacusis)·听觉不良（迟钝，障碍）dysacousis (bradyacusia, dysacusis)·听觉域auditory sensation area·听力正常normal hearing·听力（觉）迟钝auditus depression (amblyacousia)·听力障碍dysaudia·听力丧失hearing loss (disability)·传导性（神经性，感音神经性）耳聋conductive (neural,sensorineural) deafness·老年性耳聋presbycusis·音叉试验tuning fork test·秒表（耳语）听力检查stopwatch (whisper) audiometry·韦伯氏试验（骨导偏向试验）Webers test·任内氏试验（气骨导听力比较试验）Rinnes test·施瓦巴赫氏试验（骨导对比试验）Schwabachs test12、鼻nose·酒渣鼻rosacea·鞍（蛙状）鼻saddle(frog) nose·畸形（肿胀，溃疡）deformity (swelling,ulcer)·鼻翼扇动flaring (movement) of alae nasi (nasal ala flap)·鼻骨骨折fracture of nasal bone·鼻疖nasal furuncle·鼻道狭窄rhinostenosis (stenosis of nasal canal)·流涕running nose·鼻粘膜干燥（苍白，红）dry (pale,red ) mucosa·鼻腔异物nasal foreign body·鼻粘膜萎缩（肥厚，肿胀）nasal mucosa atrophy (hypertrophy,swelling)·鼻孔（甲）naris (turbinates)·上（中、下）鼻甲superior (middle,inferior ) turbinates·鼻塞nasal obstruction·鼻中隔偏移（穿孔，肿胀，血肿，溃疡）deviation (perforation,swelling,hematoma,ulcer) of nasal septum·鼻（副鼻）窦nasal (paranasal) sinus·额（上颌，蝶，筛）窦frontal (maxillary,sphenoid,ethmoid) sinus·鼻窦压痛tenderness over sinuses·鼻镜检查rhinoscopy13、嗅觉smell (scent)·嗅觉减退（敏锐）hyposmia (oxyosmia)·嗅觉异常heterosmia·嗅觉测定measurement of olfaction·嗅觉倒错（嗅幻觉）paraosmia (olfactory hallucination·嗅觉缺失anosmia14、口腔粘膜与唇mucosa of mouth and lips·口腔（唇）oral cavity (lips)·口瘢痕挛缩cicatricial contracture of mouth·口疮aphtha·口角angle of mouth·唇（口角）干裂cheilosis (angular cheilosis)·皱裂ehagades·口裂oral fissure·干燥（湿润）dry (moist)·口唇干燥xerocheilia (desiccation fissure)·口臭halitosis (ozostomia)·口唇（腔）疱疹herpes labialis (of mouth)·口唇肥厚lips pachynsis·口角糜烂perleche·口腔坏疽oral gangrene·柯泼力克氏斑Kopliks spots·口腔白斑（溃疡形成）oral leukoplakia (ulceration)·口水（口涎增多）saliva (ptyalism)·口周苍白（雀斑）circum-oral pallor (freckle)·闭口困难open bite (closure lips irreducible)·张口受阻（困难）limitation (difficulty) of mouth opening15、牙齿tooth·牙表面tooth surface·牙不齐odontoloxy (alignment disorder,malalignment)·牙发育不全（异常）metodontiasis (dysplasia dentalis)·牙根折断dental root fracture·牙齿缺失anodontia (absence of the tooth)·牙脱落odontoptosis (lose a tooth)·缺齿missing teeth·残根residual root·牙松动odontoseisis (loosening of the tooth)·牙垫bite-block·牙磨损tooth abrasion·牙骨质增生hypercementosis·牙冠破裂cracking of crown·牙石odontolith (tartar,dental calculus)·牙列拥挤crowded dentition·牙缝宽wide interdental space·牙萌出过迟（早）delayed (premature) eruption of tooth·牙线dental floss·牙髓腔（炎）pulp cavity (pulpitis)·拔牙extract (pull out ,draw out,put out) a tooth·假牙false (artificial tooth)·假牙prosthesis·镶牙insert tooth·龋齿decayed teeth (dental caries)·龋洞carious cavity·牙面色素沉着pigmentation of tooth surface·牙关紧闭trismus (lockjaw)·牙触（叩击）痛tooth tenderness (percussion pain)·牙周囊肿（感染，萎缩）periodontal cyst (infection,atrophy)16、牙龈gum (gingiva)·牙龈出血（囊肿，坏疽，撕裂）gingival bleeding (cyst,gangrene,laceration)·牙龈充血（肿胀，糜烂）gingival engorgement (swelling,erosion)·牙龈萎缩（增生）gingival atropy (hyperplasia)·牙龈（牙周）溢脓gingival pyorrhea (peripyema)·牙龈脓肿gumboil17、舌tongue·舌背静脉dorsal lingual veins·舌颤动tremulous tongue (lingual tremor)·舌淀粉样变性amyloid degeneration of tongue·舌后坠glossocoma·舌尖麻木tongue tip numbness·舌裂split tongue·舌脓肿（溃疡）tongue abscess (ulcer)·舌乳头（体，背）papillae (body, dorsum) of tongue·舌苔coated (furred) tongue·地图（草莓，镜面）舌geographic (strawberry, marror face) tongue·裂纹（牛肉）舌wrinkled (beefy) tongue·毛舌hairy tongue·舌光滑（粗糙）smooth (rough) tongue·舌滤泡lingual follicles·舌干燥sausarism·舌肌萎缩（肥厚）atrophy (hypertrophy) of tongue muscle·舌系带过短tongue tie (ankyloglossia)·舌下囊肿（溃疡，脓肿，肿块）sublingnal cyst (ulcer, abscess, tumor)·伸舌困难（偏斜）difficulty (deviation) of tongue extenison movement18、咽和扁桃体pharynx and tonsil·鼻（口）咽nasal (oral) pharynx·扁桃体不肿大no enlargement of tonsil·无充血和渗出no injection (congestion) and exudate·脓点（滤泡，白色小点）beads of pus (follicle, white particle)·扁桃体出血（感染，肥大，溃疡）hemorrhage (infection, hypertrophy, ulcer) of tonsil·扁桃体肿大swelling of tonsil·扁桃体（后，周围）脓肿tonsillar (retrotonsillar, peritonsillar) abscess·扁桃体缺如tonsil deletion·扁桃体隐窝（窝）tonsillar crypts (fossa)·咽部异物（溃疡，分泌物）pharyneal foreign body (ulcer, secretion)·咽后壁淋巴滤泡增生retropharyneal folliculosis·咽部干燥（疱疹，充血，水肿）dryness (herpes, congestion, swelling) of throat·咽反射pharynx reflex·咽下不能dysphagia·腮腺肿大enlargement of parotid gland19、喉larynx·白喉（喉白斑）diphtheritic croup (leukoplakia of larynx)·喉闭锁atretolemia·喉梗阻laryngemphraxis (laryngeal obstruction)·喉痉挛（狭窄）laryngeal spasm(laryngo-stenosis)·喉头痉挛laryngospasm·喉反射laryngeal reflex·喉坏死（钙化）necrosis (calcification)of larynx·喉瘘（囊肿，脓肿，息肉，血肿，异物）laryngeal fistula(cyst,abscess,polyp,hematoma,foreign body)·喉膨出laryngocele·喉缺失absence of largnx·喉头水肿laryngeal edema·声嘶（哑）hoarseness (dumbness)·变（失）声mutation (loss) of voice·失音aphonia·发音（构音）障碍pararthria (dysarthria)·喉部感觉缺失laryngeal anesthesia·会厌发育不全（擦伤，裂，囊肿，脓肿）agenesis (abrasion, fissure, cyst, abscess) of epiglottis·会厌分叉（结节）bifid epiglottis(epiglottic tubercle)·声带肥厚hypertrophy of vocal cords·声带麻痹vocal cord paralysis·声带小结vocal nodule·声带息肉polyp of vocal cord·声门痉挛glottis spasm·声门下狭窄subglottic stenosis20、颈部neck·颈部创伤neck trauma·颈部淋巴结（囊肿）cervical lymph node (cyst)·颈动脉窦按摩carotid sinus massage·颈强直neck rigidity (stiff-neck rigidity, stiff neck)·颈软soft neck (supple)·斜颈torticollis·角弓反张opisthotonus·颈静脉搏动（曲张）jugular pulse (varicosity)·颈静脉怒张jugular vein distention (JVD)·颈静脉充盈（怒张）jugular vein is full(distention and prominence)·库斯毛氏征Kussmauls sign·肝颈反流hepatojugular reflex·收缩期（舒张期）囊颤systolic (diastolic) thrill·颈动脉搏动异常（增强、减弱、消失）abnormal carotid pulsation (increase, decrease, disappearance)21、甲状腺thyroid·弥漫（局灶，结节）性甲状腺肿大diffuse (local, nodular) thyroid enlargement·甲状腺震颤thyroid tremor·震颤thrill·甲状腺血管杂音thyroid vascular murmur·甲状腺峡部isthmus of thyroid gland·甲状旁腺parathyroid gland·甲状腺囊肿（滤泡、肿块，出血）thyroid cyst (follicle, tumor, hemorrhage)22、气管trachea·气管插管endotracheal intubation·气管痉挛tracheospasm·气管囊肿（息肉、狭窄、移位）tracheal cyst (polyp, stenosis ,displacement)·气管（向右）偏移displacement of trachea (tracheal deviation to the right)·气管居中trachea is in the midline·气管内异物intratracheal foreign body第八章 体检（胸腹部）Physical examination(chest and belly)1、肋骨和软组织ribs and soft tissure·胸骨上切迹suprasternal notch·浮肋free ribs·胸壁chest wall·扁平（桶状、佝偻、漏头、鸡）胸flat (barrel,rachitic, funnel, pigeon) chest·皮下气肿subcutaneous emphysema·捻发音Crepitus·佝偻病串珠rachitic rosary·软骨病chondrosteoma·脂肪瘤lipoma·软骨发育不全achondroplasia (chondrodysplasia)·软组织损伤soft tissue injury·肋骨畸形abnormality of the ribs(rib deformity, costal anomaly)·肋骨串珠（错位）beading (displacement) of rib·肋软骨畸形costochondral deformity·肋软骨增生costal cartilage hyperplasia·肋下切口subcostal incision·肋间隙宽（窄）wide (narrow) intercostal space2、乳房breast·对称性symmetry·乳头内陷（内缩）crater (retracted) nipple·乳头皱裂cracked nipple·乳头偏斜（抬高）nipple skewness(elevation)·乳头溢液nipple discharge·乳头脓肿（溃疡、血肿）abscess (ulcer, hematoma) of nipple·乳头过小hypomastia·乳斑milk spots·乳房潮红breast flush·乳房出血mastorrhagia·乳房过早发育premature thelarche·乳房肿胀（脓肿）mammary swelling(abscess)·乳房湿疹eczema mammae·乳房下垂mastoptosis (pendulous breast)·乳房萎缩mastatrophy·巨乳macromastia·乳晕mammary areola·乳房硬化zaranthan·异常泌乳abnormal lactation·男子女性化乳房gynecomastism·乳房皮肤红肿erythroswelling of mammary skin·乳房桔皮征mammary orange-peel sign·乳记局限性凹陷mammary localized pitting·乳房瘘管breast fistula·正常女性乳房normal female breasts·无压痛性肿块nontender mass3、肺lung·呼吸缓慢（急促）bradypnea (tachypnea)·呼吸浅慢（深快）hypopnea (hyperpnea)·呼吸不规则irregular respiration·点头呼吸nodding breathing·端坐呼吸orthopnea·三凹征retraction sign of three fossae·叹息样呼吸sighing respiration·浅快shallow and rapid·呼（吸）气性呼吸困难expiratory (inspiratory) dyspnea·呼吸道烧伤（塌陷）burn (collapse) of respiratory tract(airway)·呼吸道阻塞respiratory tract obstruction·呼吸均匀（呼吸加深或加快）eupnea(exaggerated or acclerated respiratory)·呼吸停止apnea·呼吸费力respiration is labored·语音（触觉）震颤vocal (tactile) fremitus·语颤相等（减弱、增强）vocal fremitus is equal(diminished, accentuated)·间接（直接）叩诊mediate (immediate) percussion· 浊（实、鼓、清、过清、金属）音dullness (flatness, tympany, vesicular resonance, hyperresonance, bell)·移动范围range of movement· 呼吸音消失（减弱，增强）absence (diminution, exaggeration) of breath sound·呼吸音粗（清）sound of breath(SOB) is rough (clear)·支气管（支气管肺泡，肺泡）音bronchophony (bronchovesicular sound, vesicular sound)·管状呼吸音tubular breath sound·捻发音crepitant rales·爆裂音crackles·干（湿）罗音dry (moist) rales·细（中等、粗）罗音fine (medium, coarse) rales·呼（吸）气未罗音end-inspiratory (expiratory) rales·胸膜摩擦音pleural friction rub·呼（吸）气延长prolonged inspiratory (e