常见前缀后缀(9页).doc
-常见前缀后缀-第 9 页前缀表示否定,负态度的前缀:a-: 无,不,非 acentric amoral asocial asexual atypical apolitical asymmetry ahistorical adynamic ab-: 离去,相反,不abnormal abuse abduct ablacatation abaxial absorban-: 无,不anonymous anoxia anechoic anhormonic anelectric anarchismde-: 否定,非,相反,除去,取消,毁,离开,向下,降低,减少destruction demobilize decompose decolonize desalt decode depress devaluedif-:分开,否定,不diffluence differ diffident diffuse di, dis-:不,无,相反,取消,除去,毁,分开,离,散disport dispirit digress dishonest discomfort disagree disorder disbelieve disapperdys-: 不良,恶,困难dysfunction, dysphonia, dyspepsia, dysgenesis dyspathyhyper-: 超过,过多,太甚hypermilitant hypersensitive hypersexual hyperslow hyersuspicious hypercriticism hyperactiveil-:不,无,非illegal illogical illimitable illiberal illocalim-:不,无,非impossible, imperfect, impure, impolite, immovable, imbalancein-:不,无,非incorrect inhuman injustice informal insensible incapable ir-:不,无irregular irrational irrelative irresolute mal-: 恶,不良,失,不maltreat malpractice malnutrition malediction malformation maldevelopment malcontent mis-: 误,错,恶,不misspell misread misunderstand mispolicy misfortune mistrust mistreat un-: 不,无,非,未,取消,除去,弄出unreal unhappy unclean unfortunate unfriendly uncomfortable unjust under-: 不足,少underpay underestimate underwork underpopulated 表示肯定的前缀:ac / ad / af / ag / ap / ar / as / at / a:表加强,肯定bene-: 善,好benevolent benediction beneficent benefactioneu-: 优,善,好eugenics eulogize euphemism euphonic eupepsia euthenics 表示反对,相反的前缀:contra-:反对,相反,相对contra-missile contraclockwise contradict contraposition counter-:反对,相反counterrevolution counterattack countermarch countermove counterplot anti-:反对,相反,防止antiwar antitank anti-imperialist antiforeign antislavery antinoise antifat雅思常见词根表acu = sharp acute 敏锐的;尖锐的 acumem 敏锐;聪明 acupuncture 针灸alti = high altitude 高度 altimeter 高度计 exalt 提高;提升ambula = walk ambulance 救护车 ambulant 流动的 ambulate 行走、移动ann = year anniversary 周年纪念 annual 每年的 annals 编年史anthro = man anthropoid 似人类的;类人猿 anthropology 人类学anthroposociology 人类社会学arch = ruler monarch君主anarchism 无政府主义patriarch 家长、族长aster/astr = star astrology 占星术astronomy 天文学asterisk 星号,星标audi = hearing audience 听众audible 听得见的 audiphone 助听器auto = self automation 自动化 autobiography 自传 autosuggestion 自我暗示bio = life biology 生物学 biography 传记 biocide 杀虫剂brevi = short brief 简短的brevity 简洁equ = same;equal equality 平等 equivalence 对应物 equator 赤道faci = easy facile 易得到的,不花力气的 facilitate 使.容易fact = make;do manufacture 制造 factory 工厂benefactor 恩人,施恩者fer = carry;bring ferry 轮渡 transfer 搬运,转移interfere 干预fin = end;limit finalize 使.了结 infinite 无限的 define 限定,下定义flect/flex = bend reflect 反射,反映 flexible 易弯曲的 reflexctor 反射镜flu = flow influence 影响 fluent 流利 fluid 流动的;液,流体form = shape reform 改革 conform 符合frag = break fragile 易碎的 fragment 碎片 fracture 骨折gen = produce generate 产生 genetics 遗传学 genesis 起源,创始geo = land;earth geology 地理学 geometry 几何学 geocide 地球末日leg = law illegitimate 非法的 legislate 立法 legislature 立法机关literat = letter literature 文学 illiterate 文盲 semiliterate 半文盲的loc = place location 地点 allocate 分配 localism 地方主义lumi = light;bright illuminate 照明 illuminance 照明度 luminary 发光体,杰出人物magni = big;great magnificent 宏大的 magnify 放大 magnitude 巨大,广大man(u) = hand manufacture 生产,加工 manage 管理 manuscript 手稿mar = sea submarine 潜艇 maritime 海事的,海运的 mariner 海员meter/metri = measure thermemeter 温度计altimeter 高度计mit/miss = send emit 放射 vomit 呕吐 transmission 播送,传送mort = death mortal 致命的 immortal 不朽的 postmortem 死后的nomin = name nominal 名义上 nominate 提名 innominate 无名的,匿名的nounce = proclaim acupuncture 针灸 punctual 准时的,精确的rupt = break corruption 腐败 interrupt 打断bankrupt 破产scop = see;look at microscopic 微观的 macroscopic 宏观的scope = instrument for observing microscope 显微镜 telescope 望远镜scribe/script = write;writing;look at describe 描述 prescription 处方sequ = follow consequence 后果 sequence 次序sequel 结局,续集sens/sent = sense;feeling sentimental 多愁善感的 sensitivity 灵敏度 consent 赞同simil = like similarity 共性 simile 明喻 similar 类似的sol = alone sole 唯一的 solitary 单独的 soliloquy 独白soph = wise philosopher 哲学家 sophisticated 老练的,尖端的 pansophic 无所不知的spec(t) = see;look at inspect 视察 expect 盼望 retrospect 回顾 abbreviate 缩写capit = head capital 首都 decapitate 斩首 capitation 人头税;按人收费ced = go;move recede 后退;引退 unprecedented 史无前例的 precede 先行,居先cess = go;move access 通路 process 进展chron = time chronology 年表,年代学 chronic 慢性的 synchronal 同步的,同时发生的cide = kill;cut suicide 自杀 insecticide 杀虫剂 bactericide 杀菌剂confid = trust confidential 机密的 confide 吐露(秘密)cord = heart accordance 一致,调和 concord 协调,同意 discord 不和,不一致cred = trust;belief credit 信用;信任 incredible 难以置信的 credulous 轻信的cur = run;move current 潮流 excurse远足,旅行 incursion 入侵,进入cycl = circle;wheel bicycle 自行车 tricycle 三轮车 hemicycle 半圆的dic/dict = say;speak indicate 指示,暗示grad = go;step graduate 毕业 gradual 逐步的 degrade 退化,堕落graph/gram = write;writing telegraph 电报 program 节目,说明书 diagram 图表grate/grati = thanks grateful 衷心感谢的 gratitude 感谢grav = heavy;serious gravity 重力;严重性 grave 严重的 gravimeter 比重计,测重器gress = go;walk progress 进步 aggressive 侵略的 congress 会议herb = grass herbal 草本植物的;草药书 herby 长满草的,似草的humid = wet humidity 湿度,湿气 humidify 使湿润hydr = water;liquid hydroelectric 水电的 hydroplane 水上飞机 hydrospace 海洋世界ject = throw eject 喷射;逐出 inject 注射 reject 拒绝juven = young juvenile 青少年 rejuvenate (使)返老还童 juvenilia 少年文艺读物just/jur = just justify 证明正确 jurist 法学家 jury 陪审团ortho = straight;correct orthodox 正统的orthopaedy 矫正术pater/patr = father paternal 父亲般的patriarch (男性)族长 patricide 弑父;杀父者pathy = feeling sympathy 同情 antipathy 反感 empathy 移情ped = foot pedestrain 行人 expedition 远征(队) pedal 足的;踏板pel/pulse = push;drive expel 驱逐impulse 冲动 dispel 驱散pend/pens = use up;hang expense 花费expenditure 开支 suspend 悬浮;使悬而未决phon = sound headphone 耳机 symphony 交响乐 microphone 麦克风plic = fold duplicate 二倍的,副本 complication 综合症;并发症;复杂implicit 含蓄的port = carry porter 脚夫export 出口passport 护照pose = put;place propose 建议 dispose 处理 expose 使暴露,揭发spect = look suspect 怀疑 prospect 展望 respect 尊敬spir = breathe respiration 呼吸 perspire 出汗 expire 死亡断气struct = build constructive 富有建设性的 superstructure 上层建筑 destruction 毁灭stup = be motionless stupid 愚蠢 stupefy 使麻木;使呆若木鸡 stupor 昏迷,麻木sum = use up;take consumption 消费 assume 自以为 resume 继续进行tain = hold maintain 维持 attain 获得 abstain 放弃,戒,禁the(o) = god theology 神学 theist 有神论者 atheism 无神论thermo = heat thermometer 温度计 thermonuclear 热核的 thermos 热水瓶tract = draw tractor 拽引机,拖拉机 attract 吸引 distract 分散vent = come advent 来到,出现 convention 会议 contravention 违反,抵触verb = word verbal 词语的,动词的 hyperverbal 说话太多的vert/vers = turn dictate 口授 diction 措词domin = rule;control dominate 主宰 indomitable 不屈不挠的duce/duct = lead;take introduce 介绍induce 引诱 conduct 指导labor = work laborious 费力的 collaborate 合作,协作later = side;party bilateral 双边的unilateral 单方的 equilateral 等边的prim = initial;first primary 初级的 primitive 原始的 prime 首要的,最初的psych = mind psychology 心理学 psychoanalysis 心理分析punct = point punctuate 加标点convert 转移 version 译本 subvert 推翻,颠覆vid/vis = see vision 视力,视觉 invisible 看不见的 visibility 能见度viv = life vivid 生动的 revive 复活 survive 幸存,逃生雅思常见后缀1. 名词后缀(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人1)-an, -ain, 表示"地方的人,精通的人”American, historian,2)-al, 表示"具有职务的人" principal,3)-ant,-ent, 表示"者” merchant, agent, servant, student,4)-ar, 表示"的人” scholar, liar, peddler5)-ard, -art, 表示"做的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)6)-arian, 表示"派别的人, 主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian7)-ary, 表示"从事的人" secretary, missionary8)-ant, 表示"具有职责的人" candidate, graduate9)-ator, 表示"做的人" educator, speculator(投机者)10)-crat, 表示"某种政体,主义的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat11)-ee, 表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee12)-eer, 表示"从事于人" engineer, volunteer13)-er, 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区,地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager14)-ese, 表示" 国人,.地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese15)-ess, 表示"阴性人称名词, actress, hostess, manageress16)-eur, 表示"家” amateur, littérateur17)-ian, 表示"地方人,信仰.教的人,从事职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生),musician18)-ician, 表示"精通者, 家,”electrician, magician, technician19)-icist, 表示"家, .者, .能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist20)-ic, 表示"者,师" mechanic, critic21)-ie, 表示"爱,指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)22)-ier, 表示"从事职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)23)-ine, ian, 表示"阴性人称" heroine, ballerina24)-ist, 表示"从事研究者,信仰主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist25)-ive, 表示"动作者,行为者” native, captive26)-logist, 表示"学家,研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)27)-or, 表示"者" author, doctor, operator,28)-ster, 表示"做.事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster29)-yer, 表示" 从事职业者” lawyer(2). 构成,具有抽象名词的含义1)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" accuracy, diplomacy2)-age, 表示"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称" courage, storage, marriage3)-al, a) 表示"事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approvalb) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal4)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience5)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,6)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, feasibility,7)-craft, 表示"工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策)8)-cracy, 表示"统治,支配" bureaucracy, democracy9)-cy, 表示"性质,状态,职位,级别" bankruptcy(破产),supremacy10)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom11)-ery, -ry, 表示"行为,状态,习性" bravery, bribery, rivalry12)-ety, 表示"性质,状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)13)-faction, -facture, 表示"作成,化,作用" satisfaction, manufacture14)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood15)-ice, 表示"行为,性质,状态" notice, justice, service16)-ine, 表示"带有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine17)-ing, 表示"动作的过程,结果" building, writing, learning18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r_r, correction19)-ise, 表示"性质,状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)20)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism21)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity22)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument23)-mony, 表示"动作的结果,状态" ceremony, testimony24)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness25)-or, -our, 表示"动作,性质,状态" favor, error,26)-osity, 表示"动作,状态” curiosity27)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship28)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth29)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)30)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),31)-y, 表示"行为的结果,状态,性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry(3) 带有场所,地方的含义1)-age, 表示"住所,地点" village, cottage2)-ary, 表示"住所,场地" library, granary (谷仓)3)-ery, ry, 表示"工作场所,饲养所,地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)4)-ory, 表示"工作场所,住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory(4) 带有学术,科技含义1)-grapy, 表示"学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography2)-ic, ics, 表示"学法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics3)-ology, 表示"学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)4)-nomy, 表示"学术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)5)-ery, 表示"学科,技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery6)-y, 表示"学,术,法” photography, philosophy(5) 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义1)-age, baggage, tonnage2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)5)-ure, legislature, judicature(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报)3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱)4)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker5)-ery, drapery(绸缎)6)-ing, clothing, matting,7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment(7) 表示“细小”的含义1)-cle, particle,2)-cule, molecule(分子)3)-el, parcel4)-en, chicken, maiden5)-et, pocket, ticket6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)7)-kin, napkin8)-ling, duckling,9)-let, booklet10)-y, baby, doggy2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible2)-al, natural, additional, educational3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent5)-ar, similar, popular, regular6)-ary, military, voluntary7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine9)-ing, moving, touching, daring10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)(2) 表示“相象,类似”的含义1)-ish, boyish, childish2)-esque, picturesque3)-like, manlike, childlike4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly5)-some, troublesome, handsome6)-y, milky, pasty(3) 表示“充分的”含义1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various3)-ent, violent,(4) 表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen2)-ous, gaseous3)-fic, scientific(5) 表示方向的含义1)-ern, eastern, western2)-ward, downward, forward(6) 表示“倍数”的含义1)-ble, double, treble2)ple, triple3)-fold, twofold, tenfold(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义1)-teen, thirteen2)-ty, fifty3)-th, fourth, fiftieth(8) 表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义1)-an, Roman, European2)-ese, Chinese,3)-ish, English, Spanish(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义1)-er, greater2)-ish, reddish, yellowish3)-est, highest4)-most, foremost, topmost(10)其他的含义-less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示"使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀(ably, -ally, -ibly, ly, -ce, -fold, -wards)1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply2)-ward, -wards, upward向上的,朝上 downward 向下的,朝下 3)-ways, cornerways 对角的,斜4)-wise, crosswise 交叉 coastwise 沿海岸