并列句与状语从句讲解(3页).doc
-并列句与状语从句讲解-第 3 页并列句与状语从句讲解连词是一种虚词,不能在句子中单独作句子成分,在句子中只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子以及从句的作用。一、并列句与连词(连接同一语法类型的词、短语或句子)1. 并列连词的分类并列连词按其作用可分为表示转折对比、因果、选择和并列四大类。 (1) 表示转折的并列连词1. but(但是,可连接两个句子,用逗号隔开;也可以放在句首)2. yet (然而,尽管如此,连接两个句子,用逗号隔开;也可以放在句首) The car is old,yet it is in good condition. 注:yet也常放在完成时句尾表示还没有,此时不是连词,注意区分。3. while (而,可是,表示转折或对比,不用加逗号) Lily likes go to school by bus while linda likes go to school by bike.4. however (然而,但是),一般位于句首,单个使用后加逗号阅读完型中常见到表转折。它们连接两个意思不同,阅读中遇到要注意。 (2) 表示因果的并列连词表示因果的并列连词有:1. for (因为) 由并列连词for 引导的分句常置于句子后部,而且常用逗号与前面的 分句隔开。for 分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for 分句不能用来回答why 问句。She cant go to school , for she is ill in bed.2. so (所以) 可以连接两个句子,中间有时用逗号隔开;也可以放在一个句子的句首。例:. , so we should go there later.3. therefore (因此),用法和however类似,但词义不一样 (3) 表示选择的并列连词表示选择的并列连词有:or (或者),eitheror (不是就是,或者或者) 注or用在祈使句中,意为“否则”, Hurry up, or youll be late. 快点,否则你就会迟到了。or用在否定句中表示并列关系。 They never dance or sing. 他们从不跳舞,也不唱歌。eitheror连接主语时,谓语动词就近原则。 (4) 表示并列关系的连词(连接主语时注意谓语) 表示联合关系的连词有:1. and (和,而且) and 用在肯定句中连接并列的成分,表示“和,而且”;用在祈使句中,意为“那么”Study hard, and you will succeed. 努力学习,你就会取得成功。2. bothand (既又,两者都) 谓语动词用复数Both you and he are right. 3. as well as (也) 注谓语动词应与as well as 前面的主语在人称、数上保持一致。I as well as he am a doctor. 我和他一样,也是医生。4. not onlybut also(不但而且)它连接主语时,谓语动词就近原则。 Not only I but also students are tired of take the examination.5. neithernor (既不也不)它们用来连接两个并列关系的词、短语或分句。它连接主语时,谓语动词就近原则.Neither you nor she has ever gone the USA. 你从来没去过那,她也没去过。注:1.祈使句中and 表示那么,or表示否则 2.谓语就近原则there be,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also二、状语从句与连词 (1) 引导时间状语从句的连词:(时间状语从句服从主将从现)Before(把我们说过的例句写下来让他们填), after, when/while/as, since(自从,用于完成时+since+过去时 ),notuntil, as soon as(一。就。) 等。 when和while用法区别:while:She came in (点性)while I was doing(延续性)my homework. 我正在写作业的时候她进来了。When: I was doing my homework when she came in.我正在写作业,这时他进来了。 notuntil,前加点性动词。肯定句时用延续性动词as soon as 的主将从现Ill tell her as soon as I see her. 我一见到她就告诉她。 (2) 引导条件状语从句的连词:(条件状语从句服从主将从现)if, 如果其引导的条件状语从句表示的前提或条件可以实现或正在进行,从句用现在完成时或进行时。I will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it. as long as, Youll pass the exam as long as you work harder. unless等。 Youll fail in the exam unless you work harder. 祈使句+and/or+陈述句意义上相当于条件状语从句 (3) 引导原因状语从句的连词:because, as, since, for等。 注意:如果原因是人们已经知道的事实,用since引导,有既然的意思 (4) 引导目的状语从句的连词:so that:He put on his glasses so that he could see it clearly.in order that :1.与so as to 用法相同2.注意它与in order to的区别 (5) 引导结果状语从句的词:suchthat, sothat, She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.She is such a lovely girl that we all like her. 注:区别当名词前有many或much修饰时,用so而不用such (so much time) (6) 引导地点状语从句的连词:where, wherever等。eg: Sit wherever you like. 请随便坐。 (7) 引导让步状语从句的连词:though(一般位于句中), although(一般位于句首), even if, whatever, wherever, whenever等。Although he was tired, he kept on working. 虽然他很累,但仍继续工作。 (8) 引导比较状语从句的连词: than, asas, morethan, the+比较级,the+比较级等。 He doesnt play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。Our city is smaller than that one. 我们的城市比那个城市小。