新概念第一册短语总结(26页).doc
-新概念第一册短语总结 （下） 73-144课Lesson 71 801实义动词的过去形式规则变化看LookLooked 在动词后边直接+ed打扫CleanCleaned 开OpenOpened 打开TurnTurned 听ListenListened 刮ShaveShaved 以e 结尾后直接+d到达ArriveArrived 倒空EmptyEmptied 辅音+y变y为i+ ed不规则变化做Do/doesDid Done看见SeeSaw Seen说SaySaid Said讲SpeakSpoke Spoken有HaveHad Had丢失LoseLost Lost知道KnowKnew Known给GiveGave Given遇见MeetMet Met喝DrinkDrank Drunk走GoWent Gone游泳SwimSwam Swum割CutCut Cut买BuyBought Bought穿WearWore Worn感觉FeelFelt Felt来ComeCame Come得到GetGot Got/gotten听到HearHeard Heard2一般过去时态标志Just now刚才四种形式.ago之前Sb did sthyesterday昨天Sb didnt do.Last night昨晚Did sb do ?Last year去年What did you do yesterday?In 1995在1995年3名词time不可数 时间可数 次数What is the time?He phones two times.几点钟了?他打了两次电话4副词(地)修饰动词Know Londonwell熟悉伦敦Smile pleasantly愉悦地笑Read slowly慢慢地读Shave hurriedly很快地刮胡子Cutbadly糟糕地割Eat quickly很快地吃Drink thirstily饥渴地喝Greet sb warmly热情地打招呼Work hard努力地工作swim well游泳游的好5动词短语Speak to sb对某人讲话Say sth to sb对某人说.Answer the phone接电话Lose ones way迷路Say to oneself自言自语Take out a phrasebook拿出笔记本Ask sb the way问某人路Have an appointment约定Come at 10am on Monday周一10点来Feel awful感到痛苦的Look uncomfortable看起来不舒服I am afraid that我恐怕+句子I hope that我希望+句子Make a shopping list做购物单Need a lot of things需要很多东西Be in fashion流行中be out of fashion过时A pair of shoes一双鞋6必须去 某地 作某事I must go to the grocersto get someeggs.greengrocersbeans.butchersmeat.newsagentsenvelopes.bakersbread.chemistsmedicine.7穿的动作和状态Put on动作He put on his coat and left.Wear状态He is wearing the coat.8有have got= have/havent got = dont haveLesson 81 901. Have 短语 洗澡Have a bathTake a bath吸烟Have a cigaretteSmoke喝威士忌Have a glass of whiskyDrink a glass of whisky吃晚餐Have dinnerEat dinner吃午餐Have lunchEat lunch理发Have a haircutCut吃饭Have a mealEat a meal度假Have a holidayGo on a holiday游泳Have a swimSwim上课Have a lesson开晚会Have a party玩的高兴Have a good timeEnjoy oneself吃饼干Have a biscuitTake a biscuit1. 现在完成时 定义：过去某事动作对现在产生影响或结果肯定Sb have done sthSb has done sthAlready已经Yet还没Just 刚刚Never 从未Ever 曾经For +时段Since+过去自从否定Sh havent done sthSb hasnt done sth一般疑问Have you done sth?Has he done sth?特殊疑问What have you done?What has he done?Done是动词过去分词3 动词原形过去式过去分词DoDidDoneIs am / areWas/ wereBeenHave / hasHadHadGoWentGoneSee Saw SeenCutCutCutPutPutPutReadReadReadSetSetSetShutShutShutComeCame ComeGiveGaveGivenSwimSwamSwumTakeTookTakenEatAteEatenRiseRoseRisenSpeakSpokeSpoken4 打包裹Pack ones cases呆在家Stay at home原谅一片乱Excuse the mess上演什么?What is on?巴黎之春Paris in Spring天气糟The awful weather一直下雨It rained all the time仍在工作Still work on it撞电线杆Drive into the lamp-post说实话To tell you the truth代售For sale在农村In the country它花费多少？How much does it cost?分文必值Its wprth every penny of it女人说的算Women always have the last word.5 经典完成时句型完成vs过去Have you done sth?Yes, I haveWhen did you do it?I did it +过去时间完成Vs将来Have you done sth?Non I havent.When will you do it?I will do it +将来时间曾经去过Sb have been to +某地已经去了Sb have gone to +某地刚刚做了（完成）sb have just done刚才做的（过去）sb did sth just now已经做了Sb have already done sth还没做Sb havent done sth yet做某事了吗？Have sb done sth yet?做某事多久Sb have done sth for+时间段曾经做过Sb have ever done sth还没做过Sb have never done sth曾经做过吗？Have you ever done sth?自从过去，某人就一直做Sb have done sth since + 过去时间点/过去时间段ago / 过去时句子Lesson 91 1001 搬家Move to/in/into想念Miss sb带我问候他Give him my regards约定Make an appointment隔壁邻居Next-door neighbour下个月Next month大下个月The month after next目前 此刻At the moment飞往西班牙Fly to Spain几乎各国Nearly every country往返票Return tickets大量时间Plenty of time赶火车Catch the train错过火车Miss the train五小时之后In five hours time去伦敦的火车The train to London把柄上有标签A label on the handle上边带有名字和地址With ones name and address on it怎么啦What is the matter?跌落下楼Fall downstairs伤到自己Hurt oneself尝试做Try to do sth立刻At once起立 站立Stand up让我帮助你Let me help you需要X光Need an X-ray2 最好做最好不做Sb had better do sthSb had better not do Had better是情态动词 没有人称数变化不得不做不必做Sb have to do sthSb has to do sthSb will have to do sthSb had to do sthSb dont have to doSb doesnt have to doSb wont have to doSb didnt have to doHave to是实义动词 有人称数变化3 long (adj)Belong to (v)A long rulerSth belong to sbThe ruler is long区分形容词与实义动词The book belongs to me, itdoesnt belong to her.4 一般过去vs 一般将来肯定Sb did sthSb will do sth否定Sb didnt do.Sb wont do sth一般Did sb do .?Will sb do sth?特殊What did/ will sb do ?Wii与did 为助动词 帮助提问与否定一般将来时标志：Tomorrow / the day after tomorrowNext month / the month after next yearIn ten minutes time / in the future一般过去标志：in 1998 / Ten minutes ago / a month ago/ last year5 有的用法have have got肯定Sb have sthSb have got否定Sb dont haveSb havent got一般Do you have .?Have you got.?特殊What do you have?What have you got?6形容词性物主代词vs名词性物主代词It ismy book .Itsmine.It belongs to me.They are his books.Theyrehis.These books belong to him.Belong to us - ouroursBelong to you youryoursBelong to them- theirTheirs 7 实义动词后接宾语从句I think that+ he is tired.He thinks that+ she feels thirsty.We believe that+ he has got a cold.She knows that+he needs a licence.He understands that+ he must catch the bus.8 be +形容词+ 宾语从句Be afraid that +句子 恐怕Be sorry that +句子抱歉Be sure that +句子确信上述实义动词say/know / believe和下边的be动词 应该与宾语从句时态保持一这9 描述 descirbe (v) description (n)Pilot 飞行员The R.A.F.Platform 站台英国皇家空军Lesson 101 110 1 直接引语vs 间接引语直I have just arrived in S he says.间He says he has just arrived in S.直 I am staying in a hotel. He says.间He says heis staying in a hotel.直I will write a letter soon , he says间Hesays he will write a letter soon.直 I hope you are all well. He says间Hesays he hopes we are all well直接引语变间接引语人称变化 全用现在范畴的时态2 介词短语 后置定语The train to London去伦敦的火车A card from Jimmy吉米的明信片The guy next to me挨着我的那家伙3 到达get toGet to schoolGet +副词Get homeArrive in Scotland大地方Arrive at the village小地点Reach +某地没有介词4 the . Y.H.A.青招协The Youth Hostels AssociationSpeak up大点声Soon很快Write much on a card卡片上写很多Pass the exam通过考试How about关于怎么样Fail the French paper法语考试没及格Sixteen of the questions问题中的16个Answer the rest回答其它的Get a low mark得低分Cheer up振作At the top of the paper在卷子顶部Do too badly做的太差For three hours三个小时Clever / stupid聪明-愚蠢Cheap / expensive便宜-昂贵Fresh / stale新鲜-馊了Low / loud低-高Sweet / sour甜-酸Soft / hard软-硬Be full of mistakes满是错误Make a mistake犯错误Be sorry about抱歉Intelligent聪明的Dictionary字典A present for sb给某人礼物How do you spell.?如何拼写?Correect the exercise(v)改正练习It is correct(adj)正确的Keep it保留Keep the room clean保持房间干净4 too / very /enough Too 太The question is too difficult否定用Too.toHe is too tired to walk on太而不能VeryHe is very cleverEnoughHe is old enogh to go to schoolToo.to.与so . that.转化5 want用法Want sth想得到某物Want to do sth想去做Want sb to do sth想让某人做Dont want sb to do sth不想让某人做6 tell 用法Tell sb about sth告诉某人关于Tell sb to do sth告诉某人去做Tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不做7形容词比较级 最高级SmallSmallerSmallestPrettyPrettierPrettiestLargeLargerLargestTallTallerTallestHotHotterHottestHeavyHeavierHeaviestLittleLessLeastFewFewerFewestMany/muchMoreMostGoodBetterBest两者A比B更 A +be +adj比较级than BA+be the形容词最高级+范围(in China)In the world/ of them all/ of the threeOne and a half teaspoonfuls 一勺半In fashion 流行out of fashion过时Lesson 111 120形容词原形比较级最高级正常变化比较级后边+er 最高级后边+esttalltallertallestshortshortershortestlonglongerlongest重读闭音节双写尾字母+er/esthothotterhottestthinthinnerthinnest辅音+y结尾的 变y为i+er/estheavyheavierheaviesthappyhappierhappiest多音节形容词前边+more/mostexpensiveMore expensiveMost expensiveInterestingLess interestingLeast interesting特殊形式形容词比较级最高级goodbetterbestwellmanymoremostmuchlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest修饰形容词比较级的程度副词有Much / a little / far + adj比较级形容词最高级 一般有范围In the world / of them all / in our class形容词同级比较肯定A 和B 一样的A is as +adj原形+as BThis pencil is as blunt as that one.否定A 不和B一样的A is not as/so +adj原形+as BHe is not as fat as his wife.形容词同级比较否定形式与比较级的转化同级He isnt as tall as his brother.比较级He is shorter than his brother.His brother is taller than he/him.不定代词Some一些肯定句Any一些否定 疑问None 没有I have got none.No= not anyI have no friends.I dont have any friends.肯定倒装He is busy, so am I .I like English, so does he.He got up early, so did we.He has been there, so have I .He will go to Japan, so will I .否定倒装I am not a teacher, neither is he.He doesnt have a car, neither do I .I wont but the house, neither will she.He hasnt seen the film, neither has Tom.I didnt play, neither did he.每一个没有任何某一个everynoneanysomeeveryoneNo oneanyonesomeoneeverybodyNobodyanybodysomebodyeverythingnothinganythingsomethingeverywherenowhereanywheresomewhere不定代词作主语 谓语用单数Something is wrong with my watch.Is there anything wrong with your bike?修饰不定代词的形容词放在其后He is reading something interesting.I wantsomething to drink.过去进行时肯定句Sb was/were doing sth否定句Sb wasnt/werent doing sth一般疑问Was/Were sb doing sth?Was he doing his work when the telephone rang?特殊疑问What was/were sb doing?What were you doing when I came?标志词：when 当时 有突然之意While 当时 有而转折之意Just as 正当this time yesterday昨天这个时候Lesson 121 130定语的 修饰名词作用形容词作定语A long umbrellaTwo expensive books介词短语作定语The book on the counter柜台上的书The boy in the room房间里的孩子句子作定语 该句子叫定语从句站在桌子后边的女人The ladywho is standing behind the deskLady 是先行词who 是关系代词 也叫引导词 引导定语从句 修饰先行词 翻译成的 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语的成分先行词关系代词定语从句指人在定语从句中做主语 用who / that关系代词不可以省略Theman who/ that lost his books was very sad.He is the man that / who is looking for the keys.指人关系代词在定语从句中作宾语who / whom / that /关系代词可以省略He is the man who / whom /that / you ar elooking for.The teacher who /who / that / you talked about just now is from America.指物在定语从句中关系代词做主语不可省that /whichThe books which /that are on the counter are expensive.The dog which / that is carrying the bag is mine.指物在定语从句中关系代词做宾语可省that /which /This is the shipthat /which / we travelled on when we were in Australia.The photograph which /that/ I took during the journey is in the bag.关系代词在定从做主语或者宾语的区别：去掉关系代词后若定语从句中有主语，关系代词做宾语。若去掉关系代词后，定语从句中没有主语，则关系代词在定语从句中做主语，并且不可以省略。不得不have to 使役动词必须must原形I have to do sth否定形式为:不必做某事Sbdont / doesnt / didnt / wont+have to单三He has to do sth过去We had to do sth将来I will have to do sth完成I have had to do sthNeed实意动词+动词不定式或名词Need + to do sthDont / desont need to doNeed sthDont / doesnt need sth情态动词+动词原形I neednt go now.猜测May可能 情态动词肯定Sb may do sthHe may be ten.He may comeIt may not be his.否定Sb may not do sthIt may not be rainy.He may not be right.疑问May I come in?现在时猜测肯定Sbmust be +adj / n / 介词/ doingIt must be his new hat. 一定是否定Sb cant be+ adj / n/ 介词/doingIt cant be January the second.It cant be raining. 一定不是过去时猜测肯定Sb must have done sthSb must have beenHe must have done his homework.It must have been his old hat.He must have been sleeping.否定Sb cant have done sthSb cant have been It cant have rained last night.He cant have been a dentist.He cant have been reading.Lesson 131 1381短语度假Spend ones holidays出国Go abroad决定Make up ones mind(s)花费长时间It takes a long time担心Worry about sth买份报纸Buy a newspaper未婚夫Future husband结婚Get married最新报道The latest report美梦A pleasant dream赢钱Win a lot of money依靠Depend on sb2May be / maybe 的区别May +do/ beMay 情态动词+动词原形肯定He may be in his room.He may go to the cinema.否定They may not be busy.I may not come tomoroow.Maybe +句子Perhaps+句子Maybe he is in his room.Maybe they arent busy.3过去猜测May have done可能曾做过May have been可能曾经是肯定He may have been there.He might have seen her before.否定He may not have done the work.4直接引语 间接引语直接引语：直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的I am going to retire. He said.间接引语：用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句He said he was going to retire.直接变间接：人称变化 时态后退 陈述语序一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时*如果直接引语是客观真理 间接时态不变直：I am not going to make a film.she said间： She said that she was not going to make a film.直：I feel tired. She said间：Shesaid that she felt tired.直： I dont want to make another film she said.间：she said she didnt want to make another film.直： I have just made a film. She told me间：she told me she had just made a film.6使役动词让某人做某事LetLet me make another filmMakeMake him stand in class7 区分late / later / latest / lately Late 晚(adj/adv)Be late for school (adj)Go to school late (adv)Later 后来Some time laterThree days laterLatest最新的The latest newsLately 最近I havent seen him lately.8 条件状语从句: if是连词 连接条件状语从句，另外一个句子叫主句，主句用一般将来时，主句也可以用情态动词火祈使句。主句为将来时If you break the window, you will havr to pay for it.主句为情态动词If he sells his old car, he can buy a new one.主句为祈使句If the food smells bad, throw it away.9 赢钱Win a lot of money周游世界Travel round the world赢足彩Win the football pools为付款Pay for something错过火车Miss the train感觉更好Fell well/ better伤到自己Hurt oneself那就是为什么That was why +句子最好别做Had better not do sth想让某人做want sb to do sth告诉某人（别）做tell sb(not) to do sth罚款某人Charge sb超过某人Overtake somebodyLesson 139-1441直接引语变间接引语：said/ told sb+句子时态后退 人称变化 陈述语序一般疑问句变间接引语变成由是否whether /if引导的陈述句子直：Are you tired? he asks间：He asks if you are tired.直：Will you be late?he asks间：He asks if I will be late.直： Does Maryneed any help? She asked间：She asked if Maryneeded any help.直：Why are youworried? He asked间：He asked why I
