unit6 my first class(14页).doc

-unit6 my first class-第 14 页Unit 6 first classObject A topic and functionTalking about educational establishments Talking about people,positions,and jobs related to educationTalking about teacher-students relationshipB language knowledgeWords and phrases for Educational institutions and professionsSchool life teaching and learningCollocations and set phrases for learning and making achievementsPart 1 brainstormingExpressions  1. Expressions for education systems: group, class, grade (form in British elementary and secondary education), elementary (or primary) / secondary / tertiary education2. Expressions for educational functions:nursery, kindergarten, play centre, day-care centre, kindie, elementary / primary schools (the former AmE, the latter BrE), junior high school / senior high school (AmE), middle school / high school (Chinese), comprehensive school (BrE), grammar school / public school, college, university, academy, school (for professionals such as school of engineering / law / medicine, etc.), vocational school / institute, institute (for education or research)3. Expressions for people involved in education:pre-school children, pupil, student, nurse, teacher, headmaster, principal, lecturer, assistant lecturer, associate professor, professor, president (in tertiary education), chancellor (BrE), counsellor, (university students: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior), undergraduate, postgraduate, researcher, school-leavers (BrE), graduates (AmE), drop-outs4. Expressions for school organisations:teaching group, department, centre, unit, school, branch, office, general service / logistic department5. Expressions for school facilities:gymnasium (gym), playground, classroom, library (school / departmental), laboratory, canteen / dining room, hostel, clinic, accounts department, bookstore, theatre hall, classroom building, administrative building, student dormitory / hall of residence, teachers' residential area6. Expressions for school activities:lecture (n. / v.), discussion, seminar (n.), demonstrate (v.), demonstration (n.), presentation, perform / make / do / carry out an experiment, attend, pass / fail / take (exams, courses) / sit exams, sit for (an exam, mainly BrE), earn credits, do well / badly in exams, revise / review lessons, take notespart 2 Text My First Classpre-reading task1. What kind of class do you think is a problem class for the teacher? List at least three things that the problem class would do. 2. What method would you recommend to the teacher to handle such a class? Punishment or what? 3. What would be the difficulties facing a new teacher in a problem class?Main Idea    Miss Slade, a new teacher, had to take over a problem class. Her colleague, Martin, offered to introduce her to the class. Upon entering the classroom, they saw a boy throwing a book at another student. As usual, Martin used corporal punishment which aroused hostility among the students. Miss Slade was shocked by the brutality of the teacher and made attempts to remedy the situation.What Martin did in class: When finding out who the trouble-maker was, Martin taunted him with sarcastic remarks and warned the other students. He took the opportunity to show the new teacher how powerful and effective he was in putting down any trouble in class. What Miss Slade did to save the situation: First she looked at Riccio sympathetically, noting his pale look and ill-fitting clothes and later when the poor boy returned to class she showed her disgust for Martin's brutality although she did not say anything. Then, she made attempts to divert the students' attention from the incident by asking them to stop talking, but to no avail. Then, at the suggestion of a student, she took the roll call to get the attention of the class and she finally got the students to listen. All along she was very friendly and talked humorously, hoping to amuse them and thus regaining their trust. Corporal punishment the middle of the term. summary The story is set against the background of a boys' high school. The narrator is going to teach a "problem class" which means, the boys in this class have serious discipline problems and do badly.1. The school was now thudding into classrooms. paraphrase The school was noisy with all the disturbance as the boys moved out of the assembly hall in a continuous flow.'Thudding with activity' indicates that the noises made by the boys moving out of the assembly hall could be heard even inside the teachers' office.thud: n. dull sound as of a blow on sth. soft           v. to strike, fall with a thud eg I could hear him thudding about upstairs in his heavy boots.At night, we can hear the sound of branches thudding against the walls of the hut.The car hit the child with a thud.stream: v. to flow or move as a streameg Sweat streamed down his face. People were streaming out of the station.assembly hall: meeting place2. There you are grammatical point 'Inversion' means putting the verb before the subject. If there is no auxiliary, 'do', 'does' or 'did' is added.Eg Only yesterday did I realize what was going on.In the other sort of inversion, called complete inversion, the whole verb comes before the subject; 'do' and 'did' are not used.Eg Round the corner came a milk-van.Sometimes when 'here' and 'there' is put in the beginning of a sentence, the whole verb is put before the subject.Here comes the bus.There goes the vicar!There's a man at the door.Note that inversion is not used if the subject is a pronoun.Here she comes!3. And if you do, I'm in Upper 6th B. Punishment is swift and painful. paraphrase And if you do have any trouble, you can go and look for me in 6th B. What Mr. Martin means by punishment is corporal punishment as will be told later in the story. This remark reflects Martin's philosophy of education. He believes that corporal punishment, administered immediately and inflicting pain on the troublemaker, is effective in correcting a boy's misbehavior although it is painful. 1. wing: n. part of a building that stretches out to one side from the main part边房，建筑物的侧翼  2The door stood . class to the other. paraphrase From the open door Miss Slade caught sight of what was going on inside the classroomThe door stood open.grammatical point v. + a.Some verbs can be followed by adjectives, when we are really describing the subject of the sentence, and not the action of the verb. This often happens in descriptions with 'sit', 'stand', 'lie'.eg The valley lay quiet and peaceful in the sun. She sat motionless, waiting for their decision.onto: to a position on, facingThey came out of the garden onto a brightly-lit street.scene: The noun 'scene' has several meanings.It can refer to a part of a play, film, or novel. the balcony scene from 'Romeo and Juliet'.It was like some scene from a Victorian novel.The scene of an accident or crime is the place where it happened.eg They were only a few miles from the scene of the crime.You can indicate your impression of the things that are happening in a place at a particular time by inferring to them as a scene of a particular kind. eg The moon rose over a scene of extraordinary destructionThe word 'scene' in the text suggests that there is something unusual about the situation inside the classroom. The view is unusual because it is the narrator first class, furthermore, the class is not an ordinary one, but a 'problem' one. She is anticipating something unusual happening inside.boyish: a. like a boy similar words are: girlish, childish, etc.pandemonium: n. scene of wild and noisy disorder eg Pandemonium reigned in the classroom until the teacher came. There was pandemonium when the news was announced.missile: n. object or weapon that is thrown or discharged eg Missiles thrown at the police included stones and bottles.1. grind one's jaws: to press or rub sth. firmlyeg He ground his jaw in frustration. 2. you bastard: Bastard is an insulting word addressed to someone who you think is mean, vicious, etc. One uses it when one gets extremely angry. It is not a suitable word to use before the students at all. This reflects that Mr. Martin himself is not well-bred, and that he despises the students, showing them no respect at all.The boy got to his feet, in no special hurry.paraphrase The boy stood up slowly. It suggests that the boy was reluctant to follow Mr. Martin's order as he must know that it meant corporal punishment for him.get to one's feet: to stand up 3. He was long, too short.  paraphrase The boy looked ill-nourished and poorly dressed. The inclusion of this detail points up Miss Slade's sympathy for the students. She was an entirely different type of teacher from Martin. sallow: a. (of the human skin or complexion) an unhealthy yellow color           v. to make or become sallow eg He looks very sallow after his illness.Some words about the colour of hair and skin:black    dark   brunette / brunet深色的 swarthy黝黑的 white fair    light   grey blond     blonde   pale    tan晒成棕褐色 sunburn   red   weatherbeaten饱经风霜的  freckle auburn赤褐色       blazer: clothes for school 4. apprehend: v. to understand, fear apprehensible: a. capable of being apprehended apprehension: n. apprehensive: a. content: 'Content' can be used as a noun, an adjective, or a verb. Used as a plural noun:The contents of something (such as a box or room) are things inside it. Note that.pouring out the contents of the bag.'contents' is a plural noun. You cannot talk about 'a content'.The contents of something (such as a document or tape) are the things written in it or recorded on it.eg He knew by heart the contents of the note.Used as an uncountable noun:The content of something such as a speech, piece of writing, or television programme is the information it gives, or the ideas or opinions expressed in it.eg I was disturbed by the content of some of the speeches.Used as an adjective:If you are content to do something or are content with something, you are willing to do it, have it, or accept it.eg A few teachers were content to pay the fines. Children are not content with the explanation.If you are content, you are happy and satisfied. 'Content' is not used with this meaning in front of a noun. eg However hard up they are, they stayed content.You can also use 'content' to say that someone is happy and satisfied. 'Contented' can be used in front of a noun or after a verb. eg .firms with a loyal and contented labour force, For ten years they lived like this and were perfectly contented.reluctantly: ad. unwillingly reluctant: a. reluctance: n. eg After much thought, we reluctantly agreed. She made a great show of reluctance, but finally accepted our offer. quiver: v. to tremble slightly eg The moth quivered its wing. Quivering with rage she slammed the door shut.genuine: a. true, really what it is said to be eg This picture has proved to be genuine and not a copy. He seems to have a genuine interest in helping the children.Martin allowed a dramatic behind Riccio. paraphrase After Riccio went out of the classroom, Martin deliberately stopped for some time to let his act of authority be felt more strongly by the students as well asMiss Slade. In fact he was not just displaying his authority to intimidate the students but also to impress the new teacher how powerful he was. This description vividly depicts what kind of person Martin was. dramatic: a. of drama, sudden or exciting, like an event in a stage play eg Dramatic changes have taken place in the international situation. I felt eager to kept their eyes down. paraphrase I felt eager to tell him that I didn't understand why the boys should carry the scars for life for just being childish. But the boys understand quite well from previous experience that Martin's question needn't any answer at all: he was not questioning the boys whether they understood or not but was making a very strong statement that they should understand fully what would be at stake if they dared to disregard his order.a rhetorical question: one asks for the sake of effect, to impress people, not because an answer is needed or expected brighten: v. to make or become brighter, or lighter, more cheerful, etc. eg These pictures brightened the room. The sky is brightening. word formation a. + -en - v.eg. darken, sadden, lighten, quicken, etc. bring along: to come together with idioms bring about: to cause to happen bring up: to rear train: v. to aim train on: to point or aim at sb. or sth. eg He trained a gun upon the enemy's positions.I smiled. No one smiled back, on my face. paraphrase I was left in an embarrassing situation because my smile was met with a cold response from the students. It froze on my face just like a stranded boat washed to the shore unable to go back to the sea.strand: v. to run ground, be left in difficulties, helpless, without money, friends, etc. eg He was stranded in a foreign country.  expect:cf. expect sb. to do sth.  expect + that-clauseIf you say 'I expect John will come to the meeting', you are expressing a simple belief. If you say 'I expect John to come to the meeting', you are indicating that you want John to come to the meeting, and that you will be annoyed or disappointed if he does not come. co-operation: n. working together for a common purpose co-operative: a. co-operate: v.behave: v. to act eg He has behaved shamefully toward his wife.idiom behave oneself: to be polite behavior: the way someone behaves circumstance: condition idioms under the circumstances under no circumstances trouble-maker: someone who makes trouble trouble: eg Did you have any trouble finding your way here?You do not say that someone has trouble to do something.leave . to eg I'll leave it to you.  The boys straggled left the room. paraphrase To show respect for the teacher, the students usually stand up when the teacher comes in or leaves. Here, boys rose to their feet very reluctantly, which shows their hostility to Martin.straggle: v. to spread in an irregular manner eg The crowd straggled along. A wisp of hair straggled across her ear. Weeds straggled over the garden. behind: n. (colloq.) buttocks He kicked the boy's behind. agony: n. great pain He lay in agony until the doctor arrived.He suffered agonies from his broken arm.The driver was in an agony of sorrow because he knocked down the girl.My eyes . my first battered child. paraphrase Miss Slade was very horrified by Martin