延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用(2页).doc

-延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用-第 2 页延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用 有一些动词是瞬间动词，也叫非延续性动词，这些动词一发生就结束了，常见的有：come, go, arrive, reach, leave,begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等。这些动词虽然可以用于现在完成时（说明某个动作的结果还存在），但由于它们不能延续，因此不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。 e.g. Jim has come back. (正)    Jim has come back for a month. (误)   come back的动作不能延续一个月，因此错误。 瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中，因此，若要解决这一问题，就应把它改为相应的延续性动词或短语，主要有以下几种：用相应的延续性动词如：buy  have   borrow  keep   come/go/become  be        put on  wear    catch a cold  have a cold                   转换成be+名词如： join  be a member of     go to school  be a student转换成be+形容词或副词如： die  be dead     leave  be away    begin  be on          finish  be over    fall asleep  be asleep   open  be open get up  be up     close  be closed转换成be+介词短语如： come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach  be in/at      join the army  be in the army(军队)e.g. I have borrowed the book.      I have kept the book for two days.          Jim has joined the band.       Jim has been a member of the band for a month.        His grandfather has died.            His grandfather has been dead for 2 years.        My father has arrived in China.        My father has been in China for a week.         在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。 e.g.   I havent borrowed books from the library since last year. 自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书。      Jim hasnt come back for a year.  吉姆已有一年没回来了。 现在完成时的几种常见的句型转换。     现在完成时可以转化成一般过去时，还可以转化成“It is/has been +时间段+since从句(用一般过去时)”等句型。   e.g.      Jim has been back for a month.                  = Jim came back a month ago.               = It is/has been a month since Jim came back.            = A month has passed since Jim came back.               I have kept the book for two days.             = I borrowed the book two days ago.             = It is / has been two days since I borrowed the book.             = Two days has passed since I borrowed the book.