强调句语法知识系统归纳(4页).doc
-强调句语法知识系统归纳-第 4 页强调句语法知识系统归纳定义强调句(The Emphatic Pattern)是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。英语常用的强调结构是"It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)."。一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。被强调部分一定是完整的主语、宾语或状语，才是强调句型；如果被强调部分为部分的主语、宾语或状语，则形成从句结构，而不是强调句。强调句型1. 陈述句的强调句型It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2. 一般疑问句的强调句型同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？ When and where was it that you were born?4.not until 句型的强调句A. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.B. 注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not . 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。（1）与主语从句的比较 强调句将句子中的it is / was that同时省去，句子仍然成立；而主语从句将that与后面部分代替it，句子成立。如：It is Li Leis brother that you met in the street yesterday. （强调句型）It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V.（主语从句）（2）与定语从句的比较 如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。 It was a room where we used to have meetings. (定语从句)It was in the room that we used to have meetings. (强调句型)强调句中的It没有实际意义，It be与that可同时被省略；而定语从句中的It是主语，It be与that不可同时省略；强调句型中be 的变化只有 is和 was 两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，就用 It is, 表达过去时的各种形式时，用 It was. 一般要与谓语动词的时态一致 ；而定语从句中主句谓语动词be的时态须由主句的时间确定。It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class.强调句中的that不能省略，并且即使前面的名词是事物时，也不能将that换成which；而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略，并且当先行词是事物时可用which代替。 （3）与状语从句的比较状语从句句首的It本身就是句子的主语；而强调句首的It不作任何成分也没有实际意义。 It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much.(结果状语主从复合句)It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. (强调such an interesting book)(比较：It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的有趣的书。定语从句)状语从句的引导词可以是when / where，而强调句型中的that不能用其他词代替。It was already morning when he woke up. (时间主从复合句)It was the next morning that he woke up. (强调the next morning)其他表示强调的结构1.谓语动词的强调，It is/ was . that . 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或didDo sit down. 务必请坐。Do be careful when you cross the street. 2用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：How dare you buy such expensive jewels？3用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有l y的副词来进行强调：I really dont know what to do next4用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：Where in the world could he be？5用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：How interesting a story it is！6用重复来表示强调：Why！why！The cage is empty！7用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：On the table were some flowers（强调地点）8用If来表示强调：1）If从句+I dont know who/what，etcdoes/is/has，etc主语部分也可以用nobody does/is/has，etc或everybody does/is/has，et c来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：If he cant do it，I dont know who can（强调只有他能做）If Jim is a coward，everybody is（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）2）if从句+it be主句： If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom9 .双重否定可表强调Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks.10. 比较状语从句可表强调Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past.11.用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：Its because of hard workten years of hard work那是因为艰苦的工作-十年艰苦的工作！He began the work in late May他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间）注意that后的强调句如果是原因状语从句，从句只能用because引导，不能用since，as或why。It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river。
